Abstract Background Many transfeminine people (assigned male at birth with feminine gender identities) undergo vaginoplasty, a surgical procedure constructing a neovagina, typically using penile and scrotal tissue. In cisgender females, gynecological symptoms (pain, discharge, malodor) are often attributed to bacterial vaginosis, which can be diagnosed using Nugent scoring of gram-stained vaginal smears. The Nugent score assesses the abundance of large gram-positive rods versus small or curved gram-variable rods, traditionally for the detection of Lactobacillus, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Mobiluncus, respectively. Although unvalidated, this method is frequently applied to neovaginal samples to diagnose gynecological symptoms and dysbiosis. This study assessed the Nugent score’s utility for diagnosing neovaginal dysbiosis in transfeminine people. Methods As a part of the TransBiota study, n = 39 transfeminine participants self-collected neovaginal smears. Smears were Gram stained and Nugent scored, and scores were correlated with data on neovaginal bacterial composition (16S rRNA gene sequencing), neovaginal cytokines (Luminex multiplex immunoassay), and self-reported symptoms. Results We show more than 70% of neovaginal smears fell in the 7-10 Nugent score range, indicative of Bacterial Vaginosis in cisgender women. However, scores fail to correlate with the abundance of Nugent-targeted bacteria. Bacteria with similar morphotypes, but not belonging to Lactobacillus, Gardnerella, or Mobiluncus, are highly abundant and prevalent in the neovagina. Nugent score also fails to predict local inflammation or clinical symptoms. Conclusions The Nugent score is not an effective tool to identify neovaginal dysbiosis or indicators of health in transfeminine individuals. Clinicians need the development of accurate, evidence-based diagnostic tools for the neovagina.
Creativity has been consensually defined as an ability to produce novel and original ideas/works, a definition shared both by the general public and among scholars. Since creativity is one of the most important and unique cognitive constructs seen in human beings, ways to enhance creativity have fascinated researchers across a broad range of human knowledge domains - from the arts and the humanities to science and technology. The functional process of creativity has been actively discussed not only in psychology, but also in neuroscience, where research is uncovering its neural correlates. A great amount of neuroimaging research has focused on describing anatomical and functional adaptations in the brain following various types of cognitive learning and training, e.g., classes of visual art or music composition, courses of drawing, calligraphy or playing musical instruments. A consistent underlying mechanism of domain-specific creativity has not yet been revealed due to difficulties in defining creativity or due to lack of generalizability across different modalities. On the other hand, recent studies suggest that there is a relationship between domain-general creativity and functional connectivity in particular brain networks. In this review, we discuss whether there is evidence for brain plasticity induced by training in creativity and associated behavioral changes, as well as whether the observed brain changes are consistent with the studies of neurobiological underpinnings of creativity and the changes induced by cognitive training.
Abstract At advanced phases of atherosclerosis, the rupture and thrombogenesis of vulnerable plaques emerge as primary triggers for acute cardiovascular events and fatalities. Pathogenic infection such as periodontitis-associated Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) has been suspected of increasing the risks of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, but its relationship with atherosclerotic plaque destabilization remains elusive. Here we demonstrated that the level of Pg-positive clusters positively correlated with the ratio of necrotic core area to total atherosclerotic plaque area in human clinical samples, which indicates plaque instability. In rabbits and Apoe −/− mice, Pg promoted atherosclerotic plaque necrosis and aggravated plaque instability by triggering oxidative stress, which led to macrophage necroptosis. This process was accompanied by the decreased protein level of forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) in macrophages. The mechanistic dissection showed that Pg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) evoked macrophage oxidative stress via the TLR4 signaling pathway, which subsequently activated MAPK/ERK-mediated FOXO3 phosphorylation and following degradation. While the gingipains, a class of proteases produced by Pg, could effectively hydrolyze FOXO3 in the cytoplasm of macrophages. Both of them decreased the nuclear level of FOXO3, followed by the release of histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) from the macrophage scavenger receptor 1 (Msr1) promoter, thus promoting Msr1 transcription. This enhanced MSR1-mediated lipid uptake further amplified oxidative stress-induced necroptosis in lipid-laden macrophages. In summary, Pg exacerbates macrophage oxidative stress-dependent necroptosis, thus enlarges the atherosclerotic plaque necrotic core and ultimately promotes plaque destabilization.
Abstract Background High water sorption and solubility in total denture base materials are primary factors contributing to prosthetic failure, as they compromise both mechanical and aesthetic properties. This study investigated how three distinct surface treatments, varying aging protocols, and different curing parameters collectively influence the water sorption (Wsp) and solubility (Wsl) of 3D-printed denture base materials. Materials and methods This study evaluated the water sorption and solubility of 420 disc-shaped specimens (Ø15 × 2 ± 0,2 mm) fabricated from one conventional heat-cured acrylic resin (Probase; HC), one CAD-CAM Prepolymerized PMMA block (Bilkim; M), and one 3D-printed denture base material (Formlabs; 3DP ). All groups underwent three distinct surface treatments (mechanical polishing, Optiglaze, or Vita Akzent Glaze). The 3D-printed specimens were additionally subjected to four curing durations (10, 15, 30, 60 min) and two curing atmospheres (air and glycerin). Water sorption (Wsp) and solubility (Wsl) were assessed after three distinct aging protocols: 7 days of immersion in distilled water (Wsp-DW and Wsl-DW), 6 days of immersion in a denture cleaner (Wsp-DC and Wsl-DC), and 2000 thermocycles (Wsp-TC and Wsl-TC). Statistical analysis was conducted using non-parametric tests, as the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test revealed that the data were not normally distributed (p < 0.05). The Mann-Whitney U test was applied for comparisons between two categorical variables, while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for three or more categories. For related groups, the Friedman test was employed. Pairwise comparisons were performed to identify specific differences among groups. All statistical analyses were conducted with significance levels set at α = 0.05 and 0.01. Results This study demonstrates that both manufacturing technology and surface treatment significantly influence the water sorption and solubility of dental acrylics. Conventional heat-polymerized acrylics exhibited the highest water sorption, whereas 3D-printed materials consistently showed the lowest (p < 0.01). Regarding solubility, heat-cured materials generally displayed the lowest values. Conversely, 3D-printed materials had the highest Wsl-DW and Wsl-TC, but the lowest Wsl-DC (p < 0.01). Glaze application effectively reduced both water sorption and solubility across all groups compared to mechanical polishing. Lastly, while glycerin curing of 3D-printed resins led to higher sorption but lower solubility, curing duration generally had no significant impact, with some 10-minute cured groups occasionally showing higher solubility (p < 0.01). Conclusion All 3D-printed groups, irrespective of surface treatment or curing parameters, demonstrated water sorption (Wsp) and solubility (Wsl) values within the limits defined by ISO 4049 − 2019 (Wsp < 40 µg/mm³; Wsl < 7.5 µg/mm³). While glaze application effectively reduces these properties, adequate curing time and the use of a glycerin curing medium can similarly diminish solubility. However, curing duration was not found to have a statistically significant impact on water sorption.
D.S. Avetikov, V.M. Havryliev, D.V. Steblovkyi
et al.
This article is devoted to the establishment of radiological and histological features of odontogenic keratocysts under the conditions of an expansive lesion using computed tomography with contrast, panoramic radiography with subsequent biopsy of the neoplasm. These neoplasms are relatively common and account for 10–12% of all jaw cysts, usually occurring in the second and third decades of life. In the published materials, there are isolated data on histological studies on visualization of odontogenic keratocysts without signs of mineralization or calcification inside the lesion, which complicates differential diagnosis with other neoplasms of the jaw bone tissue. Most authors believe that this phenomenon is associated with a high concentration of viscous dense keratin protein in the lumen of the cyst.
Мaterials and methods. Computer imaging was performed using the Morita R-100 cone-beam computed tomography software after contrast material injection. Scanning was performed with a step of 0.5 mm. To clarify the final clinical diagnosis, a biopsy was performed followed by a histological examination.
The results. We established the following main radiological features of keratocyst: the shell of the neoplasm is often scalloped; there is an expansion of the neoplasm, especially in the direction of the lingual side, growth along the body of the mandibular bone; displacement of developing teeth; resorption of the roots of erupted teeth and extrusion of erupting teeth; on a panoramic X-ray, the neoplasm's lumen is transparent (45.7% of cases), and sometimes cloudy (54.3% of cases). According to contrast-enhanced CT, high attenuation in an expansive benign lesion of the lower jaw is suggestive of keratocyst. It was found that the high attenuation in this case is the result of a high concentration of protein in the dense keratin filling the lumen (82.5% of cases); may contain hemorrhage (10.2%) or calcification (7.3%), which was not detected during histological examination. Upon histological examination, all odontogenic keratocysts (OKC) are divided by us into parakeratotic and orthokeratotic subtypes, related to the characteristics of the mucous membrane and the type of keratin produced.
Conclusions. We confirmed the opinion of many authors that compared to the parakeratotic subtype, the orthokeratotic subtype produces keratin more similar to the normal keratin produced by the skin.
Objective: To analyze the supply of input and procedures, non-invasive and micro-invasive, for dental caries lesions in Primary Care in Brazil, comparing the Brazilian geographic regions in three different periods. Material and Methods: Historical series study based on secondary data extracted from the 1st Cycle (2012), 2nd (2014), and 3rd cycle (2018) of the External Evaluation of the National Program for Access and Quality of Primary Care. The proportions of Oral Health Teams offering non-invasive (fluor) and micro-invasive (sealants) supplies and procedures between Brazilian geographic regions were compared using the Chi-square test, using the Z Test adjusted by the Bonferroni method, and between the years (2012, 2014, and 2018) using the Cochran Q test (p<0.05). The percentage variation between the proportions per cycle was calculated. Results: The availability of inputs of fluor gel in Brazil increased between 2014 (91.6%) and 2018 (94.1%) (p<0.001), but statistically only in the Northeast and North (p<0.001). The offer of the topical fluorine procedure increased between 2012 (78.8%) and 2018 (87.4%) (p<0.001) in Brazil, with the most significant increase in the North (+7.5%) and Northeast (+22.0%). There was greater availability of inputs of sealants in Brazil between 2012 (56.8%) and 2018 (69.5%) (p<0.001) in Brazil, and more significant expansion in the Northeast (+43.4%). There was a greater offer of the sealing procedure in Brazil between 2014 (98.6%) and 2018 (98.5%), compared to 2012 (94.7%) (p<0.001), with more significant expansion in the North (+5.8%). Conclusion: There was an increase in the supply of input and procedures, non-invasive and micro-invasive, in Primary Care in Brazil. Despite maintaining regional inequalities, they were reduced, with greater expansion in the North and Northeast regions between the years evaluated.
Miryana Raykovska, Hristina Tankova, Evgeni Koytchev
et al.
This case report aims to present micro CT and SEM analysis of type II dens invaginatus extracted for orthodontic reasons three years after the eruption.
An industrial micro CT was used to double scan a freshly extracted left lateral incisor from the upper jaw with a peg shape and type II invagination, according to Ohlers. The first scan captured the entire tooth with a resolution of twelve micrometers, while the second scan focused on the coronal part of the tooth with a magnification of seven micrometers. This allowed for a detailed view of the overall anatomy and a reliable representation of the tooth's structure. After the scanning procedure, the tooth was sectioned, and SEM-EDS was performed on the invagination to obtain further details. Segmented image analysis provides a new detailed overview of the structural and morphological characteristics that can be observed in this type of malformation. This anatomical presentation, and SEM analysis can bring new helpful insights for practitioners and students to navigate their treatment strategies.
Md Alamgir Kabir, Mohammed Mahbub Zaki, Jannatul Ferdous
et al.
Background: The purpose of a fixed prosthodontic treatment may vary from the restoration of a single tooth to the complete rehabilitation of full occlusion. Finish line design is important in any tooth preparation, as finish line ensures the success of the future prosthesis. Finish line affects not only retention but also stability of fixed prosthesis. The finish line must be distinct, uniform, and smooth. Finish line is important during tooth preparation for acceptable marginal adaptation. The finish line must be easy to prepare, it must be easy to duplicate in impression, conservative, and provide sufficient strength to restore material. Finish line design helps in measuring the surface detail recording ability of an impression material. Various tooth preparation designs have distinct finish lines. Objectives: To evaluate the finish line of the die in a fixed prosthodontic laboratory. Materials and Methods: This laboratory based descriptive, cross-sectional, observational study has been conducted in the department of prosthodontics, BSMMU, with a sample size of 125 working casts die having different finish lines. The purpose of this study was to observe the finish line of the die of the working cast by using a dental magnifying loop. Data was collected on the basis of type, location, and quality of the finish line and recorded on a predesign data collection sheet. Collected data were analyzed by using the chi-square test. A P-value <0.05 is considered statistically significant.
Result: Among 125 dies, according to location of finish line maximum number of dies 110 (88%) were showed sub gingival finish line but according to types of finish line 112 (88.40%) dies were showed chamfer finish line and according to quality of finish line 105 (84%) dies were showed detectable finish line.
Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that the tooth preparation for single crown that have been done in the department of prosthodontics, BSMMU most of their finish line is sub gingival, chamfer and detectable.
Update Dent. Coll. j: 2024; 14(2): 9-14
Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationship between oral health status, self-perception of oral health, and depression. Methods This cross-sectional study included 2953 individuals that were ≥ 18 years of age and participated in the Chilean National Health Survey (NHS), 2016–2017. Information on oral, dental, and mental health, and the presence or absence of depressive symptoms was collected. Secondary data analysis was carried out using STATA and included logistic regression models adjusted for sex, age, and educational level. The analyses factored in the expansion weights to estimate representative prevalences of the entire population. Results Participants experiencing frequent dental or prosthesis-related discomfort while speaking (OR: 1.57; 95% CI: 1.01–2.43) were related with exhibiting suspected depression. Removable upper denture users were at a higher risk of exhibiting suspected (OR: 2.04; 95% CI: 1.11–3.74) than those not using them. Participants diagnosed with depression in the past 12 months had a similar number of teeth (median = 24) compared to those without depression (median = 25) (OR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.96–1.02). Conclusion Experiencing dental or prosthesis-related difficulties in speaking is related to suspected depression or a diagnosis of depression. These findings highlight the importance of developing comprehensive healthcare approaches that consider mental health in the context of oral health.
Alan Diego Briem Stamm, Maria Salome Outes, Marta Alicia Fernandez Iriarte
et al.
Resumen
El proceso para establecer una identificación odontológica inequívoca se sustenta en la recuperación de la mayor cantidad posible de información post mortem, y su posterior cotejo con aquellos registros ante mortem de la víctima.
Los dientes son tejidos del cuerpo humano con una elevada resistencia en su estructura, lo que les permite tolerar el embate de los efectos ambientales como el fuego, la desecación, la descomposición o la inmersión prolongada. En la mayoría de los desastres naturales, y también en los provocados por el hombre, los registros odontológicos pueden contribuir para identificar cuerpos que sería irreconocibles aplicando metodologías tradicionales. En cadáveres quemados o carbonizados, resulta imperativo conservar la evidencia odontológica recuperada, para evitar que su manipulación pueda desvirtuarla e incluso destruirla; por eso se suele fijar y estabilizar antes de ser transportada. Los recursos imagenológicos constituyen una sólida estrategia de perennización de evidencia, los cuales pueden ser complementados por fotografías y toma de impresiones. El presente artículo revisa varios estudios sobre restos dentales, materiales de obturación y aparatos protésicos quemados o carbonizados, haciendo énfasis sobre su importancia en el proceso de identificación humana.
Palabras clave: Cuerpos carbonizados, diente, identificación humana, materiales de obturación, odontología forense, restauraciones protésicas//
Abstract
The process to establish an unequivocal dental identification is based on the recovery of the greatest possible amount of post mortem information, and its subsequent comparison with the ante mortem records of the victim.
Teeth are tissues of the human body with high resistance in their structure, which allows them to tolerate the onslaught of environmental effects such as fire, desiccation, decomposition, or prolonged immersion. In most natural disasters, an also in those caused by men, dental records can help identify a body that would be unrecognizable using traditional methodologies.
In burned or charred corpses, it is imperative to preserve the recovered dental evidence, to avoid its manipulation from distorting and even destroying it; this is why it is usually fixed and stabilized before being transported. Imaging resources constitute a solid strategy for the perpetuation of evidence, which can also be complemented by photographs and impression taking. This article reviews several studies on dental remains, materials and burned or charred prosthetic devices, emphasizing their importance in the human identification process.
Key words: Charred bodies, forensic odontology, human identification, prosthetic restorations, sealing materials, tooth.
Abstract Type I interferon (IFN-I) plays crucial roles in the regulation of inflammation and it is associated with various inflammatory diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and periodontitis, impacting people's health and quality of life. It is well-established that IFN-Is affect immune responses and inflammatory factors by regulating some signaling. However, currently, there is no comprehensive overview of the crucial regulatory role of IFN-I in distinctive pathways as well as associated inflammatory diseases. This review aims to provide a narrative of the involvement of IFN-I in different signaling pathways, mainly mediating the related key factors with specific targets in the pathways and signaling cascades to influence the progression of inflammatory diseases. As such, we suggested that IFN-Is induce inflammatory regulation through the stimulation of certain factors in signaling pathways, which displays possible efficient treatment methods and provides a reference for the precise control of inflammatory diseases.
Heungjae Choi, Emilia Barker, Ali A. Abduljabar
et al.
Cervical tissue hydration level is one of the most important parameters to monitor in the early diagnosis of preterm birth. Electrical-impedance-spectroscopy-based techniques are often used, but they suffer from limited accuracy. Open microwave coaxial probes have been widely used as a broadband dielectric characterization technique for human tissue samples due to their versatility, but with limited accuracy due to their nonresonant nature. In this work, a resonant microwave open coaxial probe with multiple harmonic resonances is proposed as a sensing platform for tissue-hydration-level monitoring. The mechanical design was analyzed and verified by finite-element full 3D electromagnetic simulation and experiments. Dominant sources of errors and the ways to mitigate them were discussed. In vitro experiments were carried out on human cervix samples to verify the precision and accuracy by comparing the results to a commercial skin-hydration sensor. The proposed sensor shows mean fractional frequency shift of (3.3 ± 0.3) × 10<sup>−4</sup> per unit % over the entire data. This translates into an absolute frequency shift (<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">Δ</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>N</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> of 252 ± 23 kHz/%, 455 ± 41 kHz/%, and 647 ± 57 kHz/% at second, fourth, and sixth harmonic resonance, respectively.
Sunitha Jagaluru Doddanna, Meghanand T Nayak, Aparna K Sanath
et al.
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an exceptional, aggressive variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) because of its unique histological feature and an ominous clinical behavior. Recently, it has been recognized as a high-grade SCC. The most preferential site of occurrence is the upper aerodigestive tract. Because of its aggressive behavior and tendency to metastasize, BSCCs are considered to have poor prognosis. We present a BSCC case in a 60-year-old male, which was clinically diagnosed as an aggressive inflammatory lesion with a differential diagnosis of granulomatous lesion, involving the mandibular anterior gingiva. Till now, only 17 cases of BSCC with gingival involvement have been reported in the literature. Here, we present one additional case of BSCC involving gingiva.
Study Background: Solanecio biafrae (wòròwó) leaves contain health benefit phytochemicals and phytonutrients which are being used traditionally to treat ailments.
Aim and Objective: This work was therefore designed to determine acute phase response in anemic patients who received raw liquid extract of the leaves of to increase their hematocrit. Materials and Methods: Forty-three (43) individuals with low packed cell volume (PCV) (PCV 27 ± 2.0; Female–22; Male-21; age–18–61 years) and 50 age-matched volunteers with normal PCV (PCV 41 ± 2.0; Female-25; Male-25) who were negative in reaction to Giemsa thick-blood film staining for Plasmodium spp., Stool microscopy for hookworm, Ziehl–Neelsen staining for acid fast bacilli, human immunodeficiency virus, anti-HCV and HBsAg ELISA were recruited from herbal homes in Nigeria. Plasma Haptoglobin, C–reactive protein (CRP) and fibrinogen were assayed biochemically while PCV was determine by microhematocrit capillary tube method. Results: There was a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen in Volunteers with low PCV after treatment and in control volunteers with normal PCV compared to the value of the parameter obtained before treatment (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in hematocrit in Volunteers with low PCV after treatment and in control volunteers with normal PCV compared to the value of the parameter obtained before treatment (P < 0.05). There was a significant increase in plasma CRP in volunteers with low PCV before treatment compared with the results obtained in the control volunteers with normal PCV (P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a significant increase in plasma fibrinogen and hematocrit following the administration of the raw liquid extract while there was a significant increase in CRP in volunteers with low PCV before the administration of the liquid extract of S. biafrae (wòròwó) which signify an increase in acute phase reaction or reactants due to the administration of raw liquid extract and when the hematocrit was low.
Background: Medical emergencies are likely to occur in dental offices due to the use of anesthetics, anxiety, and systemic complications of the patient. Since such emergencies are life threatening in many cases, preparedness of the dentist is highly required. Aims: This study was carried out to evaluate the dentists' knowledge and attitude regarding diagnosis and treatment of medical emergencies in dental offices in Shiraz, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 150 general dentists in Shiraz with at least 5 years since graduation in 2015. They were asked to complete a validated questionnaire including the dentists' demographic information and inquiries about their performance and knowledge in emergency situations. Statistical Analysis Used: Independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficient were used in this study. Results: According to the inclusion criteria, 105 dentists participated in the study. The mean knowledge and attitude of the dentists was estimated 4.98 (±1.50) out of 10. No significant correlation was detected between age, sex, number of patients per day, and working hours with the knowledge of managing an emergency situation (P > 0.05). Out of the number of studied dentists, 49% had attended training workshops and 90% called for re-attending a workshop. The knowledge score of those who had participated in workshops was significantly higher than those who had not (P = 0.016). Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the dentists' knowledge about emergency situations was average while the knowledge was higher in those who had attended emergency workshops. Thus, retraining courses and workshops must be considered more often for graduated dentists.
Patrizia Cammareri, Aidan M. Rose, David F. Vincent
et al.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas is a growing problem but the driver genes causing this remain poorly defined. Here, the authors demonstrate that inactivating driver mutations in TGFBR1 and TGFBR2occur in vemurafenib-induced and sporadic cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas.
Karel Dvorak, Radvan Hainer, Jaromir Petrtyl
et al.
Aims: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with components of the metabolic syndrome (MS) but the prevalence of NAFLD in the Czech Republic is unknown. The aim of this study was to assess the latter in patients with type 2 diabetes (DM2) and to compare the noninvasive fibrosis scores with ultrasound findings in those patients.
Methods: 180 consecutive patients with DM2 (mean age 64.2±9.3 years, 63% men) were examined for liver biochemistry, MS parameters and had liver ultrasound. MS was diagnosed according to the International Diabetes Federation. The diagnosis of NAFLD was based on liver ultrasound. Other aetiology of liver lesion was ruled out. Additionally, AST/ALT ratio, APRI, NAFLD fibrosis score, FIB4 and BARD scores were calculated.
Results: 93% of patients met the MS criteria, 79% had NAFLD and 13% had ultrasound signs of fibrosis/cirrhosis. NAFLD patients had greater weight (96.9±19.3 vs 84.7±14.7 kg; P=0.003), BMI (32.6±5.2 vs 29.4±5.4 kg/m2; P=0.007), waist circumference (113.8±12.8 vs 107.1±10.3 cm; P=0.033), ALT (0.73±0.57 vs 0.55±0.53 µkat/L, P=0.007) and triglyceridaemia (1.9±1.4 vs 1.4±1 mmol/L; P=0.005) than patients without NAFLD. There were no significant differences in age, sex, cholesterol, fasting glycaemia or glycated haemoglobin. Of calculated scores only the NAFLD fibrosis score revealed significant differences between patients with and without ultrasound signs of fibrosis/cirrhosis (1.027±2.228 vs -0.118±1.402, P=0.026).
Conclusion: Patients with DM2 had in the majority of cases NAFLD which was related to weight, BMI, waist circumference and serum triglycerides. The validity of the liver fibrosis scoring system has to be assessed in those patients in the future.
André da Costa Monini, Luiz Gonzaga Gandini Júnior, Luiz Guilherme Martins Maia
et al.
INTRODUCTION: This study evaluated posteroanterior cephalograms before and after treatment and long term follow-up of Class II division 1 patients treated with bionator. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to demonstrate the transverse growth of maxilla and mandible during and after bionator therapy. METHODS: Measurement of transverse dimensions between posterior maxillary and mandibular implants, as well as the distances between the buccal, gonial and antegonial points were recorded. Measurements were analyzed at three periods: T1 = before bionator therapy, T2 = after bionator therapy and T3 = 5.74 years after T2. RESULTS: There was statistically significant transverse increase due to growth and/or treatment for all variables, except for the distance between the anterior maxillary implants. CONCLUSIONS: During the study period only the anterior maxillary area did not show transverse growth.
Celia Regina Winck Mahl, Fernanda Goulart Fontoura, Priscilla Vendramini Borelli
et al.
Glicocorticóides e bifosfonatos são medicamentos que interferem na estrutura óssea. Para avaliar se estas mudanças se manifestam radiográfica e histologicamente na mandíbula, foram utilizadas 36 ratas Wistar, divididas em três grupos de 12 animais. O grupo 1 (controle) recebeu injeções subcutâneas (2 ml/kg) de solução salina, os grupos 2 e 3 receberam acetato de metilprednisolona (1 mg/kg), sendo que o grupo 3 recebeu adicionalmente risedronato (3mg/kg). Os animais foram mortos, a hemi-mandíbula esquerda foi dissecada, radiografada e submetida a processamento histológico. Um observador, cego para o grupo a que pertencia a imagem, obteve a média de densidade óptica e a proporção de trabéculas ósseas por campo. A ANOVA, complementada pelo Teste de Tukey (?=5%) evidenciou médias menores de densidade óptica no grupo 2 (glicocorticóide, 165,54±8,95), diferindo significativamente do grupo 1 (controle, 182,96±4,53) e do grupo 3 (risedronato, 180,99±6,21). Os grupos 1 e 3 não diferiram entre si. Os mesmos testes estatísticos evidenciaram diferenças significativas na proporção trabecular entre os três grupos. O grupo 2 (glicocorticóide, 53,94±12,53) apresentou a menor média e o grupo 3 (risedronato, 81,14±7,20), a maior. Ambos diferiram significativamente do grupo 1 (controle, 72,00±5,95). Em conclusão, a administração de glicocorticóides e bifosfonatos altera a proporção de trabéculas ósseas na mandíbula de ratas e estas mudanças podem ser evidenciadas radiograficamente.