An American frontier study, focusing on the fastest growing city of 19th-century America - Chicago. It shows the land as it was when inhabited by Indians and a few white settlers, and the frenzy of development of the meat-packing industry, the grain emporiums and the lumber markets which followed.
Este trabalho propõe uma discussão sobre o que se entende por pós-ditadura como parte da comemoração dos 50 anos do golpe de Estado no Chile. Para isso, retoma-se a discussão teórica entre ditadura e pós-ditadura e sobre como suas aplicações afetaram o devir das atuais democracias. Democracias que são sequelas comprometidas com um modelo de mercado que impera desde as políticas de Augusto Pinochet. Como reação a estas políticas, “Chile desper-tó”, deixando marcas indeléveis através de explosões sociais, mobilizações feministas e revoltas estudantis. Manifestações que questionaram as “condições” impos-tas pelo sistema e convidaram a pensar, por exemplo, em universidades “sem condição” e, inclusive, em sociedades “sem condição”. Finalmente, o anterior se exemplificará com um encontro entre literatura e teatro, que recorda o ocorrido em duas ditaduras – chilena e uruguaia – que coincidem na data dos 50 anos. Trata--se de sociedades “sem condição” representadas na obra Primavera com um canto quebrado, do escritor uruguaio Mario Benedetti (1982) e da montagem do mesmo nome da companhia chilena ICTUS (1984). Ações que escapam das memórias oficiais e distam dos discursos de autoridade que fazem do esquecimento o centro da memória
The paper ,,The Making of Modern Constitutions- Constitutions and Constitutionalism in the
Cradle of Constitutional History” elaborates the development of constitutions and
constitutionalism throughout history. The paper analyzes different periods of the development of
the constitutionality with particular reference to the most significant constitutions - constitutiоns
that introduce constitutional innovations and new principiles and values. The author outlines the
historical struggle for the constitution that will limit arbitrary and voluntarist rule, as well as the
effort to guarantee and protect the human rights.
A special focus in the paper is the constitutional history of England and the development of
constitutionalism in the United States of America, as well as the constitutional history of European
countries throughout different historical periods.
The development of constitutionalism is also represented through the elaboration of institutes,
principles and values that represent constitutional innovations and novelty, and at the same time
inspiration for new constitutional solutions.
Carly Lovelett, Michelle Medeiros, Daniel Jaremczuk
et al.
In addition to facing numerous healthcare disparities, rural America is chronically underrepresented in clinical research. This gap was made more evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. St Lawrence Health, located in rural Upstate New York, established its Clinical and Rural Health Research Department in 2015 to help close this gap. The research department then launched the DISRUPTS (Developing InfraStructure for Research to Utilize Patient-centered Techniques at St Lawrence Health System) program to build the infrastructure to conduct Patient-Centered Outcomes Research (PCOR). Together with a diverse committee, the team used proven methods and frameworks to develop a model for engagement, content creation, and education delivery that was successfully used to create educational programs on PCOR and COVID-19. The resulting DISRUPTS webinars had a combined total of over 450 live attendees and over 1,110 views on recordings. Furthermore, nearly one-third of those who participated in the COVID-19 vaccines webinar indicated they were more likely to receive a COVID-19 vaccine after taking part. DISRUPTS can serve as an important model for other rural communities that aim to increase access to and engagement in PCOR, and which hope to improve outreach and education efforts in their communities.
Decreased availability of forage, as well as increased pesticide exposure, are important factors in the decline of honey bee health. Here, we isolate land cover transitions and their effect on honey production at 160 commercial apiaries in the Northern Great Plains. We found that land cover changes from 2008 to 2012 caused an annual decline in honey yields of 0.9% in the study area. Transitions from grassland to soybean (but not corn) were particularly detrimental to honey yields, potentially due to bee contact with pesticides within and around agricultural fields. When our results are applied to known apiary locations across all of North Dakota (U.S.A.), we estimate a 2.5% (1.6 million USD) decline in 2012 honey yields due to land cover changes occurring between 2008 and 2012. Even when controlling for changes in land cover, we found that on average colonies in the study area experienced a 14% annual decline in honey yields. We discuss possible explanations for these non-land-cover-related honey yield declines, including changing economic conditions (e.g. pollination services), changes in land management (e.g. pesticides), and increases in pests or diseases.
Héctor E. Ramírez-Chaves, Elkin A. Noguera-Urbano, Darwin M. Morales-Martínez, Danny Zurc, Andrés Felipe Vargas-Arboleda, Hugo Mantilla-Meluk
Colombia, with 209 species, is one of the richest countries in terms of
bat diversity. This high bat diversity is comprised in nine families and 72
genera. A total of eight species of the families Emballonuridae (n = 1) and
Phyllostomidae (n = 7) are listed as endemic to the country. In spite the
relevance of Colombia in bat diversity, little is known of these endemic species
which are mostly known from the type locality (n = 4), whereas for others (n =
2), their taxonomic status is uncertain. Here, available information of endemic
bats from Colombia is compiled, and new information on their distribution
and conservation is provided. The most included species in publications
including the original description (n = 15) was Lonchorhina marinkellei. The
only distribution pattern observed for the species evaluated was for Carollia
monohernandezi and Vampyressa sinchi that might overlap distributions in the
eastern slopes of the Eastern Cordillera. Most endemic species are from the
Andean and inter-Andean regions of the country (n = 6). At national level,
there are no endemic species in any threatened category; however, at least one
species (Lonchorhina marinkellei) is considered as Vulnerable (VU) and one
(Saccopteryx antioquensis) as Endangered (EN) by the International Union for
Conservation of Nature - IUCN