Hasil untuk "Sports"

Alannah K. A. McKay, T. Stellingwerff, E. Smith et al.

Throughout the sport-science and sports-medicine literature, the term "elite" subjects might be one of the most overused and ill-defined terms. Currently, there is no common perspective or terminology to characterize the caliber and training status of an individual or cohort. This paper presents a 6-tiered Participant Classification Framework whereby all individuals across a spectrum of exercise backgrounds and athletic abilities can be classified. The Participant Classification Framework uses training volume and performance metrics to classify a participant to one of the following: Tier 0: Sedentary; Tier 1: Recreationally Active; Tier 2: Trained/Developmental; Tier 3: Highly Trained/National Level; Tier 4: Elite/International Level; or Tier 5: World Class. We suggest the Participant Classification Framework can be used to classify participants both prospectively (as part of study participant recruitment) and retrospectively (during systematic reviews and/or meta-analyses). Discussion around how the Participant Classification Framework can be tailored toward different sports, athletes, and/or events has occurred, and sport-specific examples provided. Additional nuances such as depth of sport participation, nationality differences, and gender parity within a sport are all discussed. Finally, chronological age with reference to the junior and masters athlete, as well as the Paralympic athlete, and their inclusion within the Participant Classification Framework has also been considered. It is our intention that this framework be widely implemented to systematically classify participants in research featuring exercise, sport, performance, health, and/or fitness outcomes going forward, providing the much-needed uniformity to classification practices.

H. Grindem, L. Snyder-Mackler, Håvard Moksnes et al.

B. Ainsworth, W. Haskell, A. Leon et al.

M. Zuckerman

R. Petty, J. Cacioppo, D. Schumann

J. Irrgang, A. Anderson, A. Boland et al.

W. Neale

Liliana Dacica, Ionica Cărăbaș

The health of the future adult should be a growing concern for those responsible, because nowadays the main issues are sedentarism and obesity, which are quite widespread among youngsters, being influenced by the daily lifestyle started since childhood. The scope is to identify the perception of secondary school students from the Municipality of Resita regarding the importance of nutrition, sleep and physical activities in the development of a healthy lifestyle. Methods: The 575 participants are secondary school students from different schools located in the municipality of Resita. A com-bination of methods was used: bibliographical study, sociological survey, statistical-mathematical analysis and the graphical method. Results: The study shows that students’ perception of their health is “very good” and “good”, ac-cording to the answers given by the majority of the respondents. Conclusions: The study shows that although the contri-bution of nutrition, sleep and sports to young people’s health and well-being is well known, it still requires special edu-cation at a young age, involving schools, families and local authorities.

Asadollah Pirayesh, Sedighe Heydarinejad, Esmaeil Veisia

Introduction and purpose: Chronic kidney disease is defined as a persistent functional and structural disorder that leads to slow, progressive, and irreversible loss of kidney function. Regular exercise can help improve kidney function. Methods: The present study aimed to assess the reasons for non-participation in sports activities among dialysis patients in Khuzestan province. This mixed-methods research was conducted based on an exploratory applied design. The statistical population in the qualitative section included 18 experts knowledgeable on the subject, and in the quantitative section, with 2631 dialysis patients, a sample size of 335 was determined. The data collection tool in the qualitative section was a semi-structured interview. In the quantitative section, the data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire based on the interview results. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the subjects, and in inferential statistics, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and one-sample t-test were utilized to determine the impact of each of the 10 factors. The data were analyzed in SPSS (version 22) and Smart PLS software packages. Results: In the qualitative section, 20 sub-categories and 10 main categories were extracted. The categories included personal, interpersonal, temporal, attitudinal, economic, supportive, environmental, educational, research, self-actualization, behavioral, management, planning, and cultural factors, which are among the most important barriers to the participation of dialysis patients in sports activities. In the quantitative section, a 35-item questionnaire was designed. The face and content validity and reliability of this questionnaire were confirmed with values of 0.71, 0.85, and 0.92, respectively. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that the main barriers to sports participation for dialysis patients include individual (fear, low motivation), interpersonal (lack of family/medical team support), and educational-research factors (lack of awareness among patients and medical staff). It is suggested that targeted educational programs for patients and families, psychosocial support through peer support groups, and the design of safe exercise protocols by specialists be implemented to improve participation and quality of life.

Changda Lu, Wei Cui, Zheng Zhu et al.

José E. Teixeira, Pedro Afonso, André Schneider et al.

Optimizing recovery is crucial for maintaining performance and reducing fatigue and injury risk in youth football players. This study applied machine learning (ML) models to classify mental fatigue in U15, U17, and U19 male players using wearable signals, tracking data, and psychophysiological features. Over six weeks, training loads were monitored via GPS, psychophysiological scales, and heart rate sensors, analyzing variables such as total distance, high-speed running, recovery state, and perceived exertion. The data preparation process involved managing absent values, applying normalization techniques, and selecting relevant features. A total of five ML models were evaluated: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Decision Tree (DT). XGBoost, RF, and DT achieved high accuracy, while KNN underperformed. Using a correlation matrix, average speed (AvS) was the only variable significantly correlated with the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) (<i>r</i> = 0.142; <i>p</i> = 0.010). After dimensionality reduction, ML models were re-evaluated, with RF and DT performing best, followed by XGBoost and SVM. These findings confirm that tracking and wearable-derived data are effectively useful for predicting RPE, providing valuable insights for workload management and personalized recovery strategies. Future research should integrate psychological and interpersonal factors to enhance predictive modeling in the individual long-term health and performance of young football players.

Olga Śpiołek, Jan Siwiec, Aleksandra Słowikowska et al.

Introduction and purpose: Sarcoidosis is a complex, multi – system disease characterized by the formation of non – caseating granulomas that can affect nearly every organ in the body, though lungs and lymph nodes are the most commonly involved. The disease's clinical presentation is highly variable, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe, organ-threatening manifestations, with significant implications for diagnosis and treatment.  The aim of this study is to present current state of knowledge on clinical features, etiology, diagnosis and treatment methods of sarcoidosis.  Materials and methods: The review is based on the analysis of literature available on Pubmed, Google Scholar and UpToDate databases. To search for relevant scientific content the following keywords were used: sarcoidosis, symptoms, etiology, diagnosis, treatment, neurosarcoidosis, cutaneous sarcoidosis, cardiac sarcoidosis, Löfgren syndrome. Conclusions: Despite numerous studies, the cause of sarcoidosis still remains unknown, which leaves a field for researchers for further investigation. Diagnosis of sarcoidosis is challenging, it typically involves histological confirmation through biopsy, supported by imaging studies, laboratory tests and need to exclude other causes. Treatment is limited, focused on alleviating the symptoms and preventing organ failure, therefore further research into more effective or targeted therapies is advisable. 

Likhit Amarttayakong, Suppakorn Ruengyangmee, Wiranya Nualkim et al.

This cross-sectional study explored the relationship between pain intensity, injury incidence, and sociodemographic factors in 120 high school athletes (mean age 16.78±0.91) participating in various sports. The aims of this study are to examine the correlation between factors and Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) for pain intensity, to investigate the correlation between sport types and injured region, and to explore the correlation between injured regions and VRS during training and game competition. Using VRS, we found 64 (53.3%) participants experienced pain during training, with varying degrees of intensity. Chi-square analysis revealed a significant association between VRS scores and school grade (p = 0.044) and cool-down practices (p = 0.037). However, no significant associations were found with gender, age, or sport type. In game competition, 29 (24.2%) participants reported experiencing pain. Here, there was no significant association between VRS and any considered variables. Lower limb injuries were predominant (n = 64), particularly to the knee (n = 23) and ankle/foot (n = 18). Certain sports, like Athletics, Karate-Do, Football, and Western Boxing, demonstrated multiple injury sites, whereas Thai boxing was associated primarily with ankle and foot injuries. Pain intensity varied by injury location, with the highest 'worst pain' reported for elbow injuries during training and knee injuries during competition. Significant associations were found between injured region and pain intensity level during both training and competition (p<0.001). Our findings highlight the need for injury prevention strategies and pain management among high school athletes, emphasizing proper cool-down activities. Further research is warranted to confirm these findings and explore underlying mechanisms.

Sean A. Tabaie MD, Anthony J. Videckis BS, Theodore Quan BS et al.

Celina Albanus, Travis Heggie, Simone Kattner et al.

Background: Water quality for tourists visiting South Luangwa National Park and other less developed regions is of the utmost importance in order to avoid gastrointestinal infections; one of the most common diseases among tourists. It is also important to the health of the local tourist accommodations and the local tourist economy. Methods: Water quality samples assessing microbiological contamination were taken from the borehole and point of use in 14 tourist lodges and camps. Turbidity was assessed optically with a DelAlgua turbidity tube. For microbiological analysis, samples were incubated in the DelAgua Dual Incubator at 37°C and 44°C. Thermotolerant Escherichia coli (E. coli) was used as the indicator bacterium for fecal pollution. Water samples were classified based of risk levels for pollution determined by the World Health Organization (WHO). Results: Fifty percent of borehole samples showed no contamination. Two were found to be at high risk and the others ranged between low and intermediate risk. At the point of use, 80% of the samples were clean and compliant with WHO guidelines. Water contamination generally improved from the borehole to point of use. Turbidity at borehole samples were clear in 75% of possible samples. At the point of use, turbidity was clear in 81% of samples. Conclusion: This study establishes the first baseline water quality data for tourist facilities at South Luangwa National Park in Zambia. While water quality at most sites is clean for human use, a regular monitoring system accompanied by maintenance is recommended.

J. Powell, Kim D. Barber-Foss

J. Powell, Kim D. Barber-Foss

M. Shank

Małgorzata Drozd, Magdalena Marzęda, Agnieszka Blicharz et al.

<p><strong>Introduction and purpose: </strong>Acne vulgaris, the most common skin disease, causes medical, esthetic and psychosocial problems. Isotretinoin, the vitamin A-derivative, has been the most effective treatment for acne vulgaris. It provides significant improvement and long-term remission. However, it leads to multiple side effects. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of adverse effects in patients treated with isotretinoin and analyze the most commonly reported symptoms.</p><p><strong>Material and methods</strong>: The study was conducted using original survey questionnaire addressed to members of Polish group of patients treated with isotretinoin. 196 responds were collected and confronted with current PubMed publications.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common mucocutaneous side effects, such as dry lip, dryness of the mucous membranes, xerodermia and dryness of the conjunctiva occurred in 92,6%, 73,5%, 66,8% and 66,3% of respondents, respectively. Both, tiredness and back pain were reported by 70,4% of respondents; myalgia - 55,1%, arthalgia - 32,1% and stiffness of joints - 26,0%. Mood change occurred in 54,6%, hair loss in 50,0%, gastrointestinal symptoms, such as abdominal pain and diarrhea – in 15,8% and 10,7%.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>All of the most common isotretinoin side effects are usually mild and dose-dependent. However, their prevalence is very high. Isotretinoin’s association to depression and suicidality remains unclear. In spite of the previous data, the risk of inflammatory bowel disease is probably not increased in patients isotretinoin exposed. However, more studies are necessary.</p>

João Paulo Vieira Manechini, Rodrigo Aquino, Camila Moraes et al.

ABSTRACT Objective: to verify blood markers during a 12-week training protocol and after Sao Paulo Marathon. Methods: Blood samples of 9 male marathoners were collected before (C1) and after (C2) 12-week training protocol, before (C3) and after (C4) marathon. Muscle and liver damage markers (creatine kinase [CK-MM], aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT]), oxidative stress levels (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and serum iron concentration were measured. Results: changes were identified comparing moment C4 to other moments for CK-MM and iron. For AST, ALT, and TBARS no differences were identified. Conclusion: strenuous exercises might elicit changes on blood markers, needing follow up strategies to avoid impairments to athletes’ performance and health.