Sharada Kunwor, Sami Lama, Surya Raj Niraula
et al.
Introduction: Resilience enables older adults to cope with and adapt to challenges, promoting stability or positive personal growth. In old age, vulnerabilities such as multi morbidity, bereavement, social isolation, and financial constraints elevate mental health risks, including depression and anxiety. Higher trait resilience strongly correlates with improved mental well-being in this population. This study was to assessed resilience and mental well-being among older adults.
Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Dharan Sub-Metropolitan city. Five wards were randomly selected from twenty. A simple random sampling method was used to choose respondents, with informed consent obtained prior to interviews. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 11.5. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used.
Result: A total of 166 elderly participants were included in the study, of whom 71 (42.77%) were male and 95 (57.23%) were female. The median resilience score was 69.50 (IQR: 59.25–74.00; 95% CI: 67.70–71.30), and the median mental well-being score was 55.00 (IQR: 52.00–58.00; 95% CI: 54.27–55.73).
Conclusion: The resilience of the elderly participants was moderate to high, and their mental well-being was generally satisfactory.
Tayomara Ferreira Nascimento, Silvia Cristina Mangini Bocchi, João Cesar Lyra
et al.
<b>Background/Objective</b>: The effectiveness of blue-light phototherapy (PT) is mainly dependent on the total dose of light (time under PT and amount of skin exposed) received by infants. The primary aim of this study was the development of a novel, flexible, and stretchable device to provide continuous PT treatment, avoiding temporary interruptions that are often observed in practice, such as during breastfeeding, for example. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of a novel, low-cost blanket equipped with light-emitting diode (LED) lamps designed to maintain therapeutic efficacy while facilitating uninterrupted skin-to-skin contact. <b>Methods</b>: Fourteen New Zealand White rabbits, weighing approximately 2.9 kg and aged 4 months, were randomly assigned to an experimental group (TG, n = 7) or a control group (CG, n = 7). The TG received phototherapy directly on the skin (irradiance: 19.3 [13.0–22.0] µW/cm<sup>−2</sup>/nm<sup>−1</sup>) during two 12 h sessions over consecutive days, while the CG remained under identical conditions with the device turned off. Biochemical, hematological, dermatological, and histological parameters, as well as rectal and skin temperatures, were assessed. <b>Results</b>: The results showed no differences in clinical appearance or histological analysis of skin tissue between the groups. Blood analysis indicated a reduction in absolute monocyte counts in the TG compared to the CG (<i>p =</i> 0.049), though levels remained within normal ranges. Skin temperature was consistently higher in the TG, except during the initial measurement. Rectal temperatures were similar on the first day but lower in the TG on the second day (mean 40.3 ± 0.21 °C vs. 40.7 ± 0.32 °C; <i>p =</i> 0.039). <b>Conclusions</b>: Temperature levels remained within physiological limits for both groups throughout the study. The device demonstrated biocompatibility and caused no adverse dermatological, hematological, or biochemical effects.
Emerson B. Nairon, BSA, Jeslin Joseph, BS, Abdulkadir Kamal, BSN, RN
et al.
IMPORTANCE:. Patients admitted with cerebral hemorrhage or cerebral edema often undergo external ventricular drain (EVD) placement to monitor and manage intracranial pressure (ICP). A strain gauge transducer accompanies the EVD to convert a pressure signal to an electrical waveform and assign a numeric value to the ICP.
OBJECTIVES:. This study explored ICP accuracy in the presence of blood and other viscous fluid contaminates in the transducer.
DESIGN:. Preclinical comparative design study.
SETTING:. Laboratory setting using two Natus EVDs, two strain gauge transducers, and a sealed pressure chamber.
PARTICIPANTS:. No human subjects or animal models were used.
INTERVENTIONS:. A control transducer primed with saline was compared with an investigational transducer primed with blood or with saline/glycerol mixtures in mass:mass ratios of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% glycerol. Volume in a sealed chamber was manipulated to reflect changes in ICP to explore the impact of contaminates on pressure measurement.
MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:. From 90 paired observations, ICP readings were statistically significantly different between the control (saline) and experimental (glycerol or blood) transducers. The time to a stable pressure reading was significantly different for saline vs. 25% glycerol (< 0.0005), 50% glycerol (< 0.005), 75% glycerol (< 0.0001), 100% glycerol (< 0.0005), and blood (< 0.0005). A difference in resting stable pressure was observed for saline vs. blood primed transducers (0.041).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE:. There are statistically significant and clinically relevant differences in time to a stable pressure reading when contaminates are introduced into a closed drainage system. Changing a transducer based on the presence of blood contaminate should be considered to improve accuracy but must be weighed against the risk of introducing infection.
Medical emergencies. Critical care. Intensive care. First aid
BackgroundThe current rate of organ donation in China falls significantly below the global average and the actual demand. Nursing students play a crucial role in supporting and promoting social and public welfare activities. This study primary aims to analyze the levels of knowledge, attitudes, willingness toward organ donation, and attitudes toward death among nursing students, and investigate the mediating role of attitude in the relationship between knowledge and willingness. The secondary aims to identify factors that may influence the willingness.MethodsA convenience sample of nursing students completed online-administered questionnaires measuring the level of knowledge, attitudes, and willingness toward organ donation before and after clinical internship. Spearman correlation and mediation analyses were used for data analyses.ResultsBefore the clinical internship, there were 435 nursing students who had not yet obtained their degrees and were completing their clinical internships. After the internship, this number decreased to 323. The mean score for knowledge before and after the clinical internship (7.17 before and 7.22 after, with no significant difference), the attitude (4.58 before and 4.36 after, with significant difference), the willingness (12.41% before and 8.67% after, with significant difference), the Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R) score (94.41 before and 92.56 after, with significant difference). The knowledge indirectly affected nursing students’ willingness to organ donation through attitude. Knowledge had a direct and positive impact on attitudes (β = 1.564). Additionally, nursing students’ attitudes positively affected their willingness (β = 0.023). Attitudes played a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge and willingness (β = 0.035). Additionally, attitude toward death, fear of death, and acceptance of the concept of escape were found to be correlated with their willingness.ConclusionOrgan donation willingness was found to be low among nursing students. Positive attitudes were identified as a mediating factor between knowledge and willingness. Additionally, DAP-R was a related factor. Therefore, it is recommended to focus on improving knowledge and attitude, as well as providing death education to help nursing students establish a positive attitude toward death. These efforts can contribute to the promotion of organ donation.
Marie Kuenemann, Mélanie Gaillet, Rebecca Shankland
et al.
Abstract Background The sanitary service is a mandatory prevention training programme for all French healthcare students. Students receive training and then have to design and carry out a prevention intervention with various populations. The aim of this study was to analyse the type of health education interventions carried out in schools by healthcare students from one university in order to describe the topics covered and the methods used. Method The 2021–2022 sanitary service of University Grenoble Alpes involved students in maieutic, medicine, nursing, pharmacy and physiotherapy. The study focused on students who intervened in school contexts. The intervention reports written by the students were read doubly by independent evaluators. Information of interest was collected in a standardised form. Results Out of the 752 students involved in the prevention training program, 616 (82%) were assigned to 86 schools, mostly primary schools (58%), and wrote 123 reports on their interventions. Each school hosted a median of 6 students from 3 different fields of study. The interventions involved 6853 pupils aged between 3 and 18 years. The students delivered a median of 5 health prevention sessions to each pupil group and spent a median of 25 h (IQR: 19–32) working on the intervention. The themes most frequently addressed were screen use (48%), nutrition (36%), sleep (25%), harassment (20%) and personal hygiene (15%). All students used interactive teaching methods such as workshops, group games or debates that was addressed to pupils’ psychosocial (mainly cognitive and social) competences. The themes and tools used differed according to the pupils’ grade levels. Conclusion This study showed the feasibility of conducting health education and prevention activities in schools by healthcare students from five professional fields who had received appropriate training. The students were involved and creative, and they were focused on developing pupils’ psychosocial competences.
Monika Motaghi, Ali Asghar Heidary, Lida Gholizadeh
Background: The capacity to absorb knowledge and manage organizational talent and performance is important to the survival of organizations. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and talent management with the performance of the organization.
Methods: This applied research used the causal design. The statistical population and sample size were 500 and 217 nurses, respectively. Three standard questionnaires were used to collect data. The knowledge absorption capacity questionnaire had Cronbach's alpha 0.705 and included 19 items. Moreover, the organizational innovation variable of the Atlay and Akif questionnaire with Cronbach's alpha 0.795 and 18 items, Hersi and Goldsmith with Cronbach's alpha of 0.762 with 42 items, and Phillips and Rapper with 28 items were used for the talent management component. Data were imported to SPSS20 and analyzed using PLS Descriptive and inferential statistics.
Results: The mean age of participants was 24.3±4.5.3 years, 52.54% of nurses were male and 42.46% were female. Also, 61.75% of nurses had a bachelor's degree and 38.15% had an MSc degree. Mean±SD of knowledge acquisition capacity was 17.56±4.63, that of talent management was 17397±4.87, that of organizational innovation was 18.22±4.65. and that of organizational performance was 18.39±4.95. Knowledge acquisition capacity, and talent management had a significant relationship with innovation and organizational performance (1.96<2.57, 3.8, 5.41 and 2.63), and organizational innovation was also correlated with organizational performance (1.96<2.94). According to the results of the Sobel test, the capacity to absorb knowledge and talent management was related to organizational performance with the mediating role of organizational innovation (1.96<2.45 and 3.21).
Conclusion: Given the relationship between knowledge absorptive capacity and talent management with organizational performance, managers should be able to effectively improve the capacity to absorb knowledge and spread it throughout the organization.
Communities. Classes. Races, Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the common and fatal malignancies, which is a significant global health problem. The clinical applicability of traditional surgery and other locoregional therapies is limited, and these therapeutic strategies are far from satisfactory in improving the outcomes of advanced HCC. In the past decade, targeted therapy had made a ground-breaking progress in advanced HCC. Those targeted therapies exert antitumor effects through specific signals, including anti-angiogenesis or cell cycle progression. As a standard systemic therapy option, it tremendously improves the survival of this devastating disease. Moreover, the combination of targeted therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has demonstrated more potent anticancer effects and becomes the hot topic in clinical studies. The combining medications bring about a paradigm shift in the treatment of advanced HCC. In this review, we presented all approved targeted agents for advanced HCC with an emphasis on their clinical efficacy, summarized the advances of multi-target drugs in research for HCC and potential therapeutic targets for drug development. We also discussed the exciting results of the combination between targeted therapy and ICI.
Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens
Mariana Antunes Knust, Keythluci Faria Trigueiro da Silva, Hugo Alberto Neves de Souza
et al.
Contexto: Durante o período de pandemia pós-influenza espanhola (na década de 1920), o lysol era uma das indicações, como produto de higiene, nos manuais de enfermagem para a formação das enfermeiras brasileiras, o que anos mais tarde gerou discussão sobre a sua indicação.
Objetivo: Discutir o conteúdo dos manuais de enfermagem sobre a citação do lysol, articulando as peças publicitárias do produto num seminário veiculado na imprensa social, ao mostrar a cultura dos cuidados à época.
Metodologia: Investigação histórica na perspetiva da microhistória. A colheita de dados foi realizada nos manuais de enfermagem e na Hemeroteca Digital da Biblioteca Nacional, com limitação nos anos de 1920 a 1929. Utilizou-se o referencial da microanálise para a análise dos dados.
Resultados: A aplicação do produto era usada para lavagem das mãos e feridas, divulgada pela imagem dos profissionais de saúde.
Conclusão: Este estudo pode contribuir para a construção do conhecimento em diferentes áreas, articulando o presente e o passado.
Eline Lima Borges, Josimare Aparecida Otoni Spira, Taysa de Fátima Garcia
Objetivo: propor recomendações baseadas em evidências científicas para a prevenção e tratamento da úlcera da perna em pessoas com doença falciforme. Método: estudo de revisão integrativa, realizado a partir de busca nas bases de dados Scopus, Science Direct, Cummulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library e Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, em março de 2020. Resultados: foram publicados dez estudos entre 2010 e 2017. Extraíram-se 20 recomendações com nível de evidência classificado em muito baixo, baixo e moderado, organizadas em cinco temas: avaliação do paciente e da úlcera da perna; manejo da úlcera e do edema; utilização de coberturas no tratamento da úlcera; recomendações para manejo de úlcera recalcitrante; e autocuidado para prevenção de úlcera. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu identificar recomendações para prevenção e tratamento da úlcera da perna em pessoas com doença falciforme, que podem complementar as condutas apresentadas no manual do Ministério da Saúde a respeito do tema.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to propose scientific evidence-based recommendations for the prevention and treatment of leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease. Method: this integrative review was performed by searching through the Scopus, Science Direct, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library and Virtual Health Library databases in March 2020. Results: the ten studies found were published from 2010 to 2017. The 20 recommendations extracted offered evidence at levels rated very low, low and moderate, which was organized into five themes: evaluation of the patient and leg ulcer; management of the ulcer and edema; use of dressings in treating ulcers; recommendations for management of recalcitrant ulcers; and self-care for ulcer prevention. Conclusion: the study identified recommendations for prevention and treatment of leg ulcers in people with sickle cell disease, which can complement the conduct described in the Brazilian Ministry of Health handbook on the subject.
RESUMEN
Objetivo: proponer recomendaciones basadas en evidencias científicas para la prevención y el tratamiento de las úlceras de pierna en personas con anemia falciforme. Método: esta revisión integradora se realizó mediante la búsqueda a través de las bases de datos Scopus, Science Direct, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Cochrane Library y Virtual Health Library en marzo de 2020. Resultados: los diez estudios encontrados se publicaron de 2010 a 2017. 20 recomendaciones extraídas ofrecieron evidencia en niveles calificados como muy bajo, bajo y moderado, que se organizó en cinco temas: evaluación del paciente y úlcera de pierna; manejo de la úlcera y el edema; uso de apósitos para el tratamiento de úlceras; recomendaciones para el manejo de úlceras recalcitrantes; y autocuidado para la prevención de úlceras. Conclusión: el estudio identificó recomendaciones para la prevención y el tratamiento de las úlceras de pierna en personas con anemia falciforme, que pueden complementar la conducta descrita en el manual del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil sobre el tema.
David Fernández-García, María Del Carmen Giménez-Espert, Elena Castellano-Rioja
et al.
Clinical practices are considered one of the cornerstones in nurses' education. This study provides a framework to determine how factors in the academic environment, influence nursing student's satisfaction with their practices. A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in a convenience sample of 574 nursing students at a private university in Valencia, during the 2016/2017 academic year, 79% (456) were women. Two statistical methodologies were used for data analysis: hierarchical regression models (HRM) and fuzzy sets qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). The HRM indicate that the students' mean score influences all dimensions of satisfaction. Furthermore, in the fsQCA, the type of service and center, as well as the type of management, the preference in the choice of the practice center and the number of students per period per clinical educator influence satisfaction with clinical practices. These results could be used to understand how academic factors influence nursing students' satisfaction with their clinical practices and to create intervention programmes that improve it. This will help prepare students to be the future nursing workforce.
EBRAHIM NASIRI, ALI POUR-SAFAR, MAHDOKHT TAHERI
et al.
Introduction: Several factors play a role in academic achievement,
individual’s excellence and capability to do actions and tasks that
the learner is in charge of in learning areas. The main goal of this
study was to present academic achievement causal model based
on the dimensions of goal orientation and learning approaches
among the students of Medical Science and Dentistry courses in
Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2013.
Methods: This study is based on a cross-sectional model. The
participants included 175 first and second year students of the
Medical and Dentistry schools in Guilan University of Medical
Sciences selected by random cluster sampling [121 persons
(69%) Medical Basic Science students and 54 (30.9%) Dentistry
students]. The measurement tool included the Goal Orientation
Scale of Bouffard and Study Process Questionnaire of Biggs and
the students’ Grade Point Average. The study data were analyzed
using Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equations
modeling. SPSS 14 and Amos were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results indicated a significant relationship between
goal orientation and learning strategies (P<0.05). In addition,
the results revealed that a significant relationship exists between
learning strategies [Deep Learning (r=0.37, P<0.05), Surface
Learning (r=-0.21, P<0.05)], and academic achievement. The
suggested model of research is fitted to the data of the research.
Conclusion: Results showed that the students’ academic
achievement model fits with experimental data, so it can be used in
learning principles which lead to students’ achievement in learning.
Juliana Marques Weykamp, Diana Cecagno, Flávio Peraça Vieira
et al.
Aim: To investigate the perception of nursing professionals of primary care in relation to the Continuing Education activities in Health. Method: A descriptive study, with exploratory qualitative approach. Data were collected at basic health units in Rio Grande do Sul / Brazil, through semi-structured interviews, and analyzed and interpreted according to Bardin. Results: The activities of Continuing Health Education is considered an important tool in the daily work, being capable of providing recognition and professional development. Conclusion: the constant qualification may be a manner of building a critical and reflective professional and also make a difference in the professional career by developing skills, abilities and attitudes that enable targeted actions to the population's health needs, and that results in the achievement of autonomy
A. Julián-Jiménez, J. González del Castillo, M. Martínez Ortíz de Zárate
et al.
Introducción. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la prevalencia y conocer los cambios epidemiológicos más relevantes en la última década en la neumonía adquirida en la comunidad (NAC) en los servicios de urgencias (SU), así como el perfil y manejo de los pacientes.
Métodos. Estudio descriptivo con análisis transversal, multicéntrico en 49 SU españoles durante 12 meses. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con el diagnóstico de NAC, de infección respiratoria y de infección. Se registraron todos los pacientes atendidos en los SU.
Resultados. La prevalencia de la NAC ha aumentado entre los pacientes en el SU en la última década del 0,85% al 1,35% (p<0,001). El 51% de los NAC se registraron en pacientes con 70 o más años. El 69,8 % tenían alguna enfermedad de base y el 17,8% en algunos que poseían alguno de los factores de riesgo para desarrollar infección. El 11,7% cumplían criterios de sepsis, 4,6% de sepsis grave y el 3% shock séptico. El 37% de los pacientes recibieron el alta desde el SU.
Conclusiones. El impacto y prevalencia de la NAC en los SU ha aumentado en la última década. Es la causa más frecuente de sepsis, sepsis grave y shock séptico, de ingreso en la unidad de cuidados intensivos y de fallecimiento por enfermedad infecciosa.
La enfermedad coronaria constituye una de las principales causas de muerte en las mujeres mayores de 45 años. El contexto en el que se desarrolla esta enfermedad en la mujer está determinado por diferentes factores que conforman un proceso que genera demora en la solicitud de atención y en la instauración de tratamientos oportunos. El presente estudio de tipo descriptivo con abordaje cualitativo tuvo como objetivo identificar los factores que determinan la demora en la solicitud de atención en salud en doce mujeres que presentaron dolor torácico o síntomas de origen isquémico cardiaco, que ingresaron en el Hospital Federico Lleras Acosta y en las clínicas Minerva y Medicádiz en la ciudad de Ibagué durante los meses agosto a noviembre de 2005. La información se obtuvo mediante la realización de una entrevista semies-tructurada basada en una guía temática a partir del proceso de manejo del síntoma; ésta fue analizada bajo la técnica análisis de contenido. Los factores que intervienen en la demora en la solicitud de atención en salud de las mujeres con dolor torácico isquémico coronario en términos de las fases del manejo del síntoma son: valoración del síntoma: características del dolor, experiencia con el dolor, desprotección de seres queridos, sentido de preocupación por otros, incapacidad, miedos, subestimación del síntoma, atribución de la causa; medición de la capacidad de respuesta: afrontamiento del síntoma según las creencias, y selección del tipo de ayuda: dependencia de terceros y experiencias previas con los proveedores de salud. Los factores encontrados son secuenciales y se relacionan entre sí. El estudió identificó que factores como la dependencia de terceros, la desprotección de seres queridos y el sentido de no preocupar a otros son determinantes dentro del proceso.
Rafaela Vivian Valcarenghi, Angela Maria Alvarez, Silvana Sidney Costa Santos
et al.
ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the daily lives of people with Parkinson's disease. Method: Qualitative research, using as methodological and theoretical referential the Grounded Theory and Symbolic Interactionism, respectively. The in-depth interview was conducted with 30 people with Parkinson's disease. Results: From data analysis, three themes were selected: Living with the disease - living with the treatment and changes in lifestyle; Modifying of one's job performance - revealing incapacity for work and the need to anticipate retirement and; Living with the stigma - the feeling of prejudice against the disease and the perceived limitations of the health services. Final considerations: Living with a chronic and non-transferable disease encompasses social, physical and cultural effects, along with the personal experiences of each unique individual. This study assists the improvement of care to people with the disease, because the care practice emerges from the interactions between the subjects.
Mostra a preocupação das instituições de saúde frente ao risco ocupacional de contaminação pelo HIV em Centro Obstétrico. Analisa o papel da enfermeira obstétrica e sugere procedimentos para a diminuição do risco de contaminação pessoal no atendimento à parturiente e ao recém-nascido.
Enfocamos neste trabalho a abordagem do enfermeiro enquanto coordenador de grupo educativo com gestantes candidatas à laqueadura. Enfatizamos a necessidade de um referencial teórico específico para trabalharmos com grupos de pacientes. Queremos evidenciar também o papel de educador inerente ao enfermeiro e a importância da sua atuação na equipe multiprofissional da área de saúde. A metodologia do grupo educativo é suscintamente descrita, na forma de um protocolo, que apresentamos como sugestão para o desenvolvimento de atividades semelhantes.