Hasil untuk "Highway engineering. Roads and pavements"

Andrii Skrypnyk, Mariia Yachnyk, Volodymyr Kaskiv

Introduction. The article examines methodical approaches to compiling the process of product certification and certification, which is an important step in ensuring stable road infrastructure. products. The authors emphasize the role of the species assessment body in guaranteeing the risk of serial reproduction. Problem statement. A full-scale assessment of product reliability is important not only by assessing the quality of the product, but also by confirming the stability of production processes and the ability to ensure proper control components of products (silhouettes, materials, components). Therefore, the selection for many types of road construction products is carried out through an invisible warehouse certification of serial production and certification of production. As a result, this process will require significant labor and expenditure for the quality assessment body and significant expenses for the manufacturer to pay for the relevant work, which creates the need to find an optimal balance between the interests of the manufacturer, Compliance with the body for assessing the type of species under the appropriate obligation and replacement of control in the process of suppression of proliferation. Meta. The purpose of this article is the development of methodical approaches to the processing of production, which will help reduce the risks of the production of unwanted products and at the same time reduce the productivity and complexity of production.

Xiuquan Lin, You Zhan, Zilong Nie et al.

Ensuring highway safety relies heavily on pavement friction resistance. To enable network-level pavement skid resistance monitoring and management, this study proposes a non-contact three-dimensional laser surface testing method to obtain detailed aggregate surface data. The existing contact-based skid resistance measurement methods suffer from poor reproducibility and repeatability, hindering their application for network-level management. In this research, traditional multiple linear regression and four machine learning methods, support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and convolutional neural network (CNN), are utilized to evaluate and predict pavement frictional performance. To assess the proposed methods, data from 45 pavement sites in Oklahoma, including 6 major preventive maintenance (PM) treatments and 7 typical types of aggregates, are collected. Parallel data acquisition is conducted at highway speeds using a grip tester and a high-speed texture profiler to measure pavement skid resistance and surface macro-texture, respectively. Aggregate properties are captured in 3D using a portable ultra-high-resolution 3D laser imaging scanner, leading to the calculation of four types of 3D aggregate parameters characterizing the micro-texture of aggregate surfaces. The relationship between pavement surface friction and texture is explored using machine learning models. The results reveal that the random forest and gradient boosting decision tree models exhibit the highest accuracy, SVM and CNN perform moderately, while the traditional linear regression method fares the worst. By assessing the importance of the 38 parameter variables, the most critical 21 variables were selected for model development. Test results demonstrate that the GBDT model exhibits the best predictive performance, with an explanatory capability of 87.4​% for road friction performance. The findings demonstrate the feasibility of replacing contact-based pavement friction evaluation with non-contact texture measurements, offering promising prospects for a network-level pavement skid resistance monitoring and management system.

Hanle Lin

Asphalt cracks are the initial indication and major pavement structural distress in the field of civil engineering because it might potentially intimidate road traffic and highway safety. Managing and maintaining pavement structures are the two crucial issues faced eventually by road administrators. It is essential to take immediate action regarding pavement structural damages to prevent its severity. In recent times, there established numerous deep learning-based image processing methods to detect pavement cracks, but due to the presence of interference factors such as noises and road markings in the images, those methods failed to provide high accuracy and efficiency. Therefore, with the aim to yield high accuracy of crack detection, this article designs a novel asphalt pavement crack identification system “GoogleNet transfer learning with improved gorilla optimized kernel extreme learning machine” (GNet TL with IGT-KELM). The road crack images used for perusal are acquired from NHA12D dataset, in which it consists of 40 asphalt pavement images with two different viewpoints. For the purpose of data balancing, some non-crack images are gathered by field survey. The images with large noise distortions and unwanted background information influence crack detection performance so that the preprocessing steps are executed before applying it to the prediction system. The most significant crack and non-crack features from the images are extracted using GNet TL model. With the extracted features, the KELM is well-trained to detect cracks and non-cracks separately. To increase crack detection performance of the classifier, an improved gorilla troop optimizer is introduced to optimize the KELM parameters. The experimental finding reveals that the proposed detection mechanism achieves crack recognition accuracy of about 98.93%, which is considerably greater than compared baseline approaches.

Muhammad Naveed, Sarfraz Ahmed, Arshad Ullah et al.

The performance of a pavement mainly depends on the quality of the subgrade layer. Expansive soils (ES) are extensively found worldwide including Pakistan. The inadequate strength and swelling behaviour of these soils are the main problems in any road construction project. Several researchers in the last decades have attempted to improve expansive soil utilizing various materials such as lime, brick kiln dust and fly ash. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the effect of lime on the engineering properties of the ES of a highway subgrade in the Sialkot region of Pakistan. The influence of different lime dosages (0%, 2%, 4% and 6%) at curing ages (1, 7, 14 and 28 days) has been examined by pH tests, plasticity tests, compaction tests, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), free swell index, and California Bearing Ratios (CBR). A field CBR and plate load test (PLT) on the natural soil and optimum lime-treated soil with various curing periods have been carried out for applicability as subgrade material. The test findings demonstrated that higher lime dosages increased the strength and ultimate bearing capacity (𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡) of improved ES and at the same time decreased the free swelling index (FSI), optimum moisture content (OMC), maximum dry density (MDD) and permanent deformation of the subgrade soil. The UCS values of soil treated with 2%, 4% and 6% lime increased almost by 324%, 523%, and 249% for unsoaked samples and 285%, 351% and 231% for soaked samples respectively as compared to the plain soil at 28 days curing period. The laboratory CBR values significantly increased 2.35-8.50 times and field CBR improved 5.6 times as compared to the plain soil. The 𝑞𝑢𝑙𝑡 of lime-treated soil increased by 162% as compared to the plain soil and permanent deformation reduced from 33 mm to 2 mm after 28 days. Furthermore, equations were developed to estimate the best fit for the prediction of various geotechnical parameters and coefficient of determination (R2 ) values for all equations were found higher than 0.90. From the results, it has been concluded that adding the optimum lime content of 4% by weight satisfies the requirement for the subgrade construction of highways and the developed expressions can provide a scientific basis for estimating the geotechnical parameters.

A. Demiröz, Onur Saran

In civil engineering, some soils cause many problems in terms of geotechnical engineering. Especially high plasticity clayey soils cause serious problems in road, airport, pavement and highway construction. Such soils can be stabilized using the chemical stabilization method. Additives such as lime, cement, fly ash and blast furnace slag are generally used in chemical stabilization. In addition, in recent years, there have been many studies on the use of natural and artificial fibers in ground stabilization. In this study, the effects of basalt fiber and mineral additives on the microstructure of clay soil were examined. Microstructures of pure and additively mixed clayey soil specimens were investigated for this purpose. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed on compacted soil specimens. In sum, it has been shown that the addition of lime, fly ash, and silica fume is effective in improving the compactivity properties. Pore sizes in SEM images vary depending on additive addition. SEM images showed that the soil particles adhered to the basalt fiber surface, which contributed to the force and friction between the soil particles and the basalt fiber.

S. Uppuluri, Yatin Chaudhary, Mohan H. Badiger et al.

Purpose Designing a sustainable bituminous concrete with long-term performance is a challenging problem. In addition, strength of the subgrade has a crucial impact on pavement design. This paper aims to concentrate on subgrade soil stabilization with granite dust powder (GDP) and crumb rubber powder (CRP) to improve the engineering properties of the soil. Further design of bituminous concrete pavement with cement-treated layers in base and subbase course layers was carried out with life cycle cost analysis and life cycle assessment for 1 km of a four-lane national highway. Design/methodology/approach Subgrade soil stabilized with GDP and CRP is characterized as per Indian Standards (IS)-2720 to determine the optimum dosage. Further, the mechanistic-empirical pavement design was carried out using Indian Road Congress-37 (2018), analyzed using IITPAVE software and validated with ANSYS software. The life cycle cost analysis is carried out using the net present value method, and the life cycle assessment is performed according to the cradle-to-grave approach. Findings A soil mix comprising 10% GDP and 2.5% CRP yielded a soaked California bearing ratio value of 6.58%. In addition, the design of bituminous concrete pavement with cement-treated granular layers showed a 26.9% reduction in life cycle cost and 59.4% reduction in total carbon footprint per kilometer compared to the pavement with traditional aggregate layers. Originality/value The research on subgrade stabilization with sustainable materials like GDP and CRP incorporating mechanistic empirical pavement design, life cycle cost analysis and life cycle assessment is limited. Overall, the study recommends the use of GDP and CRP to stabilize soil for subgrade application and incorporate cement-treated granular layers, which offer economic and environmental benefits compared to traditional pavement construction.

Mr. R. H Mohankar

The issue of plastic waste creation is an environmental problem on a global scale. The current review collects literature regarding the use of plastic waste in road construction and its impact on ecological benefit and pavement performance. It has been noted that the introduction of plastic waste in bituminous mixtures enhances their binding properties, stability, density and water resistance while the replacement of traditional aggregates by plastic-coated ones and the application of modified bitumen enhances the roads limiting the emergence of potholes. The optimum percentage of plastic waste to be added varies from 5 to 15% by weight of bitumen based on the type of plastic and mix design. Coating plastic waste on aggregates has been shown to assist in increasing the bitumen-aggregate bond, reducing void content, increasing pavement life, decreasing the reliance on bitumen and improving resistance to heat and moisture degradation. This strategy resolves problems of plastic waste management and contributes to sustainable infrastructure advancement. However, there are still obstacles in the way of bringing the concept to practical applications segregate, automate and monitor the performance over time. It would be more beneficial for the future research to address smoothing and low temperature rutting effects of plastic waste, recyclable asphalt mixtures, and efficient production methods. Key Words: Plastics waste, Highway engineering, Bituminous mixtures, Pollution, Pavement quality, Waste disposal, Sustainability, Modified bitumen, Polymer aggregate, Green building materials.

Alina Korchevska, Denis Shpin, Liudmila Nahrebelna et al.

ntroduction. Road signs form the framework of the driver's decision-making system in the process of driving a vehicle, in places of merging, separation and intersection of traffic and pedestrian flows. One of the most important characteristics of road signs is their brightness and ability to retroreflectivity at night. Signs should have clear feedback. The more fully and clearly the driver is informed about the conditions and the required mode of movement, the more accurate and error-free his actions are. Problem statement. The absence of accounting of all installed signs on the roads, signs that need to be replaced, signs that are at the end of their service life, as well as signs that meet or do not meet the requirements of regulatory documents in terms of retroreflective qualities. Objective. To analyze the software for electronic accounting of road signs, to determine the need and feasibility of developing and installing such software in road facilities. Materials and methods. Theoretical and empirical methods of scientific research are used to analyze the software for electronic accounting of road signs. Results. The analysis of foreign sources on the available software for electronic accounting of road signs was carried out.

Volodymyr Kaskiv, Оleksii Sokolov

Introduction. Asphalt mixtures are one of the most widely used materials in road construction. For the production of these mixtures, mainly conditioned mineral materials are used – coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and filler, and bitumen is used as a binder. Mineral filer is an important component of the asphalt mixture, which plays a major role in ensuring the quality of asphalt mixtures. The specific surface area of mineral filler is about 90 % of the specific surface area of mineral materials in the asphalt mix. Mineral filler plays two roles in the asphalt mixture: it fills the pores between fine and coarse aggregates and structures the bitumen. Problem Statement. Ukrainian power generating enterprises generate millions of tons of dusty waste – fly ash - as a result of coal combustion. This material is close in grading the requirements for aggregate according to DSTU B V.2.7-121 and can probably be used for the production of asphalt mixtures. Purpose. To determine the possibility of using fly ash for the production of asphalt mixtures by analyzing its chemical properties. Materials and methods. During the research, we used aggregate produced by SKALA-PODILSKYI SPECIAL QUARRY LLC and fly ash from Burshtyn TPP.

Hari Krishna Palla

The main purpose of the designing the Flexible pavement with Geogrid is to reduce the thickness of pavement layer thicknesses by providing the geosynthetics on base or subbase courses. With this analysis using relevant Indian road congress (IRC) standards we may reduce the bituminous layer thickness or overall pavement thickness of roads and highways having high traffic volume compared to the conventional method as per IRC 37. Key Words: Geogrid, IITPAVE, Flexible Pavement, Geosynthetics, IRC 37, Highways.

Hui Yao, Yiran Wang, Pengrui Ma et al.

Asphalt pavement is the most widely used type of pavement in the world and is mainly utilized in the construction of infrastructures such as highways, urban roads, parking lots, and airstrips. The pavement maintenance technology and materials are gradually developing towards systematization and diversification with the extensive use of asphalt pavement. Choosing more economical technologies, and fast and sustainable materials is the future of asphalt pavement maintenance work. This paper provides an overview of asphalt pavement repair technology and asphalt pavement repair materials. We categorize and summarize the pavement repair technologies, which include cost-effective technologies such as crack sealing, overlay, seal coat, and hot-in-place recycling. Further, we summarized the repair materials applied in the repair technologies and compared the performance, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of each type of material. The study shows that asphalt and cement are the most commonly used repair materials. The more potential, economical, and sustainable materials for asphalt pavement repair include epoxy resin, polyurethane, and hydrogel. The future of asphalt pavement repair requires advancing towards rapid, sustainable, environmentally friendly, and economical. The survey indicates that in addition to improving the performance of existing repair materials (e.g., modified asphalt, binder processes, material composition or ratios), attention can be given to new materials such as polyurethanes and hydrogels that have the potential for rapid repair and at low cost. More research can be done to perfect the application of new materials in road engineering.

A. M. Ali, A. M. Lafta

In all countries around the world, roads and highways constitute a vital and significant component of the transportation infrastructure and are crucial for the growth of local economies and societies. The term "Pavement Management System" (PMS) refers to a precise and systematized arrangement of defined procedures for collecting, analyzing, maintaining, and reporting pavement data that enables decision-makers to identify the most suitable arrangements and strategies for maintaining the pavements in the functional order for a given specific period at the least profitable cost. To maximize results within a certain budget, the system will next prioritize and suggest pavement rehabilitation and maintenance. The maintenance system in use tracks a variety of elements, including the cost of the activities required to conduct maintenance and the types of materials, personnel, and equipment. After segmenting the road into sections, this technique uses visual or automated field inspection, and its data is subsequently entered into a database. Following the analysis of this data, either by software or by a subject-matter expert, recommendations for the project will be given in the future. Next, based on the budget that is available, the type of surface, and the state of the road, the PMS develops a deterioration curve for each segment of the road. Finally, it chooses the best cost-effective maintenance approach. All of this is precisely accomplished using a PMS, which offers the right pavement treatment at the right time to extend the pavement's life for a reasonable amount longer and at a lower maintenance cost

Adam Pawlik

Abstract: This article discusses the conditions for creating the Poznań Metropolitan Railway as an initiative by the authorities of the Wielkopolska Province, railway operators, and social organizations. This initiative responds to the transportation needs of residents in the Poznań Metropolitan Area (POM). The goal of the Poznań Metropolitan Railway is to improve the quality of passenger transport in the Poznań agglomeration (hereafter referred to as the Agglomeration) by developing an attractive and efficient network of railway connections within the existing framework of railway transport operations in Poland—significantly cheaper than providing a similar level of transport service by expanding the road network. Keywords: Poznań Metropolitan Railway; railway infrastructure; Poznań Metropolitan Area

M. Hilal, M. Fattah

Abstract The bituminous material performance is affected basically by the prevailing temperatures. The mechanical properties of these materials can vary significantly with the changes in the temperature magnitude. Hot mix asphalt (HMA) is a visco-elastoplastic material, so the pavement structural capacity is affected by the temperature variations. To determine the characteristics of the strength of the flexible pavement rationally, the prediction of the distribution of temperature in HMA pavement layers is a must. Heavy loadings subjected to highways and roads can cause serious deterioration to the HMA pavements. In this research, the temperature for three thicknesses of asphalt pavement structure was measured, and the air temperature to predict a model explains the relationship between the temperature and the depth of the pavement structure. The suggested model was successfully validated utilizing the data from three depths of asphalt pavement structure and the temperature on the surface of the asphalt pavement. The developed model consists of two independent variables, which are the depth within the pavement and ambient air temperature. The predicted model will be useful for the pavement designers those in need to predict the temperature of the profile of pavement to determine the engineering characteristics of field pavement.

Paweł Ukleja

Abstract: Modern crossing systems made in computer technology, thanks to their modular structure and configuration flexibility, fully meet the requirements set for them. Their implementation is possible on all categories of railroad crossings with safety devices in typical and non-standard configurations. Computer technology makes their operation easy and ensures the highest security standards Keywords: A category crossing; BUES 2000

Vitalii Ostapchuk, Yurii Voloshko

Introduction. Tourist attraction of Ukraine is one of aspects of economic development. Taking into account Ukraine’s desire to become a world level country and to develop tourist potential, there is a necessity to update the quality of transport infrastructure as well as its aesthetic expressiveness. Problems. Almost all of Ukrainian bridges (especially small and mid-sized bridges) look monotonously because they were built in context of money saving. Due to this reason, Ukrainians associate them exclusively with transport structures that serve only for passage of traffic and pedestrian flows and do not need an art expressiveness. Purpose. To analyze an existing Ukrainian and world experience of bridges and overpasses designing and building to reveal the ways of achieving their aesthetic attractiveness in purpose of its implementation in Ukrainian bridge designing. To propose the methods of updating an existing transport structures in Ukraine. Materials and methods. The Ukrainian and world experience of bridges and overpasses designing and building was analyzed during the research. Сomparative and descriptive methods let us to reveal common trends in world bridge construction and analyze the possibilities of using the world experience in Ukraine. Results. An analytical review of bridges and overpasses that were built in Ukraine and abroad. Revealed the ways of achieving their art expressiveness. Given the propositions of updating an existing bridges and overpasses in Ukraine in order to provide then with aesthetic attraction. Вefined the places where it is necessary to provide a positive art image of transport structures in order to develop Ukraine’s tourist potential. Conclusions. It’s important to stick to recommendation of DBN B.2.3-22:2009 about holding a competition before designing bridges to achieve an attractiveness of transport structures and to develop Ukraine’s tourist potential and reputation. In the conditions of considerable limited financial possibilities of our country, it is necessary to concentrate on the most visited bridges and overpasses on the main roads. The designing of artistically expressive construction of bridges is the task of the medium and longer term. But now due to pretty limited financial possibilities of country, it is worth to start with updating the image of an existing bridges. This includes minimum monetary costs compared to designing and building of new ones.

Alla Kononenko, Liudmila Nahrebelna, Yevhen Minenko

ntroduction. Road traffic accidents (hereinafter — traffic accidents) are a serious problem that affects the lives and health of the younger generation, as according to statistics, young people under the age of 35 are most often injured and killed in traffic accidents. Today, in Ukraine, the level of fatalities and injuries due to traffic accidents is quite high, and the level of traffic safety remains extremely low. In the UK, traffic accidents are the leading cause of death for people aged from 5 to 34 and account for more than 15% of fatalities in this age group. Ukraine is one of the leaders among the European countries in terms of specific accident rates and the consequences of road accidents. On average, in EU member states there are 5 percent of traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants, while in Ukraine this indicator is 8.22 percent of people (according to 2019 statistical data). Problem statement. The main cause of accidents with serious consequences and deaths is overspeeding. Purpose. Therefore, it is extremely important to evaluate the effectiveness of automatic photo and video registration of traffic violations that affect the severity of the consequences of traffic accidents. Materials and methods. Empirical methods of scientific research are used to analyze the impact of automatic photo and video registration systems of traffic violations. Results. The article presents a brief diagnosis of accidents with fatalities and/or injuries due to speeding and the main factors influencing speeding by drivers. Also the impact of the system of automatic photo-video fixation of traffic violations on reducing the level of accidents and the experience of other countries in the implementation of similar systems. Conclusions. Using the empirical methods of scientific research it is proved that automatic photo and video registration systems prevent the occurrence of traffic accidents with serious consequences. This is confirmed by comparing the results before and after the installation of automatic photo and video registration systems.

Leslie Robert Adrian, Ansis Avotins, Donato Repole et al.

The paper concentrates on the design, architecture, and monitoring of smart LED street lighting control, with focus on traffic safety and safe road infrastructure. The use of a CMAS (Cloud-Based Multi-Agent System) as a possible framework is investigated. The work is based on previous developments by the authors in the production and design of close and long-range hybrid Pyroelectric Infrared (PIR) motion detection sensors. It also introduces the advances in radar-type sensors used in smart SLC (street lighting control) application systems. The proposed sensor solutions can detect the road user (vehicle or pedestrian) and determine its movement direction and approximate speed that can be used for dynamic lighting control algorithms, traffic intensity prediction, and increased safety for both driver and pedestrian traffic. Furthermore, the street lighting system infrastructure can monitor city environmental parameters, such as temperature, humidity, CO2 levels, thus increasing levels of safety and security for smart cities. Utilising other hybrid systems within intelligent street lighting applications represents a new specialisation area in both energy-saving, safety awareness, and intelligent management.

Lingxiang Wei, Tianliu Feng, Pengfei Zhao et al.

Driver sleepiness is one of the most important causes of traffic accidents. Efficient and stable algorithms are crucial for distinguishing nonfatigue from fatigue state. Relevance vector machine (RVM) as a leading-edge detection approach allows meeting this requirement and represents a potential solution for fatigue state detection. To accurately and effectively identify the driver’s fatigue state and reduce the number of traffic accidents caused by driver sleepiness, this paper considers the degree of driver’s mouth opening and eye state as multi-source related variables and establishes classification of fatigue and non-fatigue states based on the related literature and investigation. On this basis, an RVM model for automatic detection of the fatigue state is proposed. Twenty male respondents participated in the data collection process and a total of 1000 datasets of driving status (half of non-fatigue and half of fatigue) were obtained. The results of fatigue state recognition were analysed by different RVM classifiers. The results show that the recognition accuracy of the RVM-driven state classifiers with different kernel functions was higher than 90%, which indicated that the mouth-opening degree and the eye state index used in this work were closely related to the fatigue state. Based on the obtained results, the proposed fatigue state identification method has the potential to improve the fatigue state detection accuracy. More importantly, it provides a scientific theoretical basis for the development of fatigue state warning methods.

Qingqing Zhang, Wenju Zhao, Jian Zhang

Moving load identification has been researched with regard to the analysis of structural responses, taking into consideration that the structural responses would be affected by the axle parameters, which in its turn would complicate obtaining the values of moving vehicle loads. In this research, a method that identifies the loads of moving vehicles using the modified maximum strain value considering the long-gauge fiber optic strain responses is proposed. The method is based on the assumption that the modified maximum strain value caused only by the axle loads may be easily used to identify the load of moving vehicles by eliminating the influence of these axle parameters from the peak value, which is not limited to a specific type of bridges and can be applied in conditions, where there are multiple moving vehicles on the bridge. Numerical simulations demonstrate that the gross vehicle weights (GVWs) and axle weights are estimated with high accuracy under complex vehicle loads. The effectiveness of the proposed method was verified through field testing of a continuous girder bridge. The identified axle weights and gross vehicle weights are comparable with the static measurements obtained by the static weighing.