Hasil untuk "General Works"

M. Fiorina

M. Yaszemski, M. Yaszemski, R. Payne et al.

D. Grosso, F. Cagnol, Galo J. A. A. Soler-Illia et al.

Anna Arkhipova, Pavel Hok, Pavel Hok et al.

Creativity has been consensually defined as an ability to produce novel and original ideas/works, a definition shared both by the general public and among scholars. Since creativity is one of the most important and unique cognitive constructs seen in human beings, ways to enhance creativity have fascinated researchers across a broad range of human knowledge domains - from the arts and the humanities to science and technology. The functional process of creativity has been actively discussed not only in psychology, but also in neuroscience, where research is uncovering its neural correlates. A great amount of neuroimaging research has focused on describing anatomical and functional adaptations in the brain following various types of cognitive learning and training, e.g., classes of visual art or music composition, courses of drawing, calligraphy or playing musical instruments. A consistent underlying mechanism of domain-specific creativity has not yet been revealed due to difficulties in defining creativity or due to lack of generalizability across different modalities. On the other hand, recent studies suggest that there is a relationship between domain-general creativity and functional connectivity in particular brain networks. In this review, we discuss whether there is evidence for brain plasticity induced by training in creativity and associated behavioral changes, as well as whether the observed brain changes are consistent with the studies of neurobiological underpinnings of creativity and the changes induced by cognitive training.

Lingling Wu, Yong Wang, Kuo-Chih Chuang et al.

Abstract In the past decades, many mechanical metamaterials with uncommon static properties have been reported. On the other hand, mechanical metamaterials possessing extraordinary dynamic performance, also referred to as acoustic/elastic metamaterials, have gained more and more attractions. Examples include acoustic cloaking metamaterials that can generate an invisible region for acoustic waves, zero-stiffness metamaterials that can isolate vibrating mechanical energy, origami-based metamaterials that can realize the directional transmission of elastic waves and so on. To better understand the mechanisms adopted in dynamic mechanical metamaterials and present a general view about the existing works, we have reviewed some representative works and categorized them based on the ways of how these mechanical metamaterials manipulate the interactions between matters and mechanical energy. To distinguish the different categories of the dynamic mechanical metamaterials, we use a pair of binary numbers to measure the changing states of the magnitude and direction of the energy flow, respectively. A summary of some research works with associated reference numbers is presented in this paper with emphasis on the operating frequency, working bandwidth, and characteristic size of the element.

Jinxiu Yi, Yan Jiang, Shasha Wang et al.

Consumption-led economic growth is crucial for enhancing economic resilience, improving social welfare, and fostering endogenous drivers for innovative development. The purpose of this study is to develop a novel multi-criteria evaluation framework to assess the level of consumption-led economic development in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration. Initially, an evaluation system for consumption-led economic development is constructed across five dimensions: economic autonomy, demand structure, consumption level, consumption structure, and consumption environment. The evaluation framework based on the Vertical and Horizontal Scatter Degree and Entropy Method (VHSD-EM), is then applied to analyze the development level of consumption-led patterns in the core cities of the Yangtze River Delta in China from 2015 to 2021. The empirical results reveal significant disparities in consumption-led economic development among the cities. In 2021, Shanghai achieved the highest comprehensive score (7.83), followed by Hangzhou, Suzhou, Hefei, Ningbo, and Nanjing. The average score for the region was 7.37, suggesting that the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration is transitioning toward a consumption-led growth model, with some cities exhibiting characteristics of a high-mass consumption stage. However, the development stages vary across cities, reflecting differences in economic structure and policy focus. Finally, several recommendations are suggested based on the numerical analysis.

Min Li, Yingying Chen

Conversation openings are crucial for effective daily communication. However, existing research predominantly focuses on their sequential structures, with little attention given to their linguistic features and variations across different genres. To address this gap, the present study examines conversation openings from four perspectives (i.e., grammatical forms, sentential types, semantic categories, and social actions) by constructing a corpus of English TV dramas. The corpus comprises dialogues from popular TV series shown in recent years with high Internet Movie Database (IMDb) ratings, totaling 530 conversation openings in three generic settings: educational, medical, and judicial. To ensure data accuracy and reliability, the study employed comprehensive data processing and rigorous analysis using software tools such as AntConc 3.5 and IBM SPSS Statistics 26.0. The findings reveal that full sentences are more prevalent than elliptical ones, with declarative and interrogative sentences being the most frequently used. Speakers tend to favor other-oriented utterances, with requests and greetings emerging as the most common social actions. Additionally, the study identifies significant influences of factors such as gender, familiarity, and social status on the structure and use of conversation openings.

A. Sahai

Lichao Mou, Yuansheng Hua, Xiaoxiang Zhu

Most current semantic segmentation approaches fall back on deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, their use of convolution operations with local receptive fields causes failures in modeling contextual spatial relations. Prior works have sought to address this issue by using graphical models or spatial propagation modules in networks. But such models often fail to capture long-range spatial relationships between entities, which leads to spatially fragmented predictions. Moreover, recent works have demonstrated that channel-wise information also acts a pivotal part in CNNs. In this work, we introduce two simple yet effective network units, the spatial relation module and the channel relation module, to learn and reason about global relationships between any two spatial positions or feature maps, and then produce relation-augmented feature representations. The spatial and channel relation modules are general and extensible, and can be used in a plug-and-play fashion with the existing fully convolutional network (FCN) framework. We evaluate relation module-equipped networks on semantic segmentation tasks using two aerial image datasets, which fundamentally depend on long-range spatial relational reasoning. The networks achieve very competitive results, bringing significant improvements over baselines.

Kana Kuraguchi, Kanon Fujimoto, Kosuke Taniguchi

Perceived cuteness motivates people to approach cute objects, but no evidence exists of unconscious approach behavior toward objects. Given the unconscious responses associated with cuteness perception, an unconscious drive to physically approach cute objects is likely to occur. However, approach behavior may or may not occur depending on whether or not the perceived cute object is an adult, a baby, or a non-human. In this study, we recruited 24 participants and conducted a correlation study between cuteness ratings and body sway to examine whether or not the approach response is dependent on perceived cuteness. Results showed that the approach or avoidance response to cute objects was observed only in women. For babies, the approach response occurred regardless of the degree of cuteness, but for adult female faces, the cuter the face, the more the avoidance response occurred. For non-human images, the cuter the image, the more the approach response occurred only in early period of observation time. These results suggest that cuteness perception controls physical distance differently depending on the target of evaluation.

Muhammad Amiruddin, Hendy Rifki Saputra Arifin, Syahrul Ramadan et al.

Perkembangan teknologi sedemikian rupa ini tidak terlepas dari banyaknya pemanfaatan teknologi yang memudahkan kehidupan manusia. Akibat dari perkembangan teknologi juga berdampak di dunia pendidikan yang salah satunya yaitu ujian yang berbasis computer di tingkat sekolah dasar sebagai pengganti dari ujian yang berbasis alat tulis. SDN 1 Gadingkulon merupakan salah satu sekolah dasar yang juga harus memanfaatkan teknologi berbasis computer untuk pembelajaran dan ujian namun banyak siswa yang belum dapat mengorasikannya dengan baik. oleh seban itu sosialisasi dan pendampingan oleh tim pengabdian KKN di SDN 1 Gadingkulon sangat diperlukan. Metode pengabdian ini menggunakan metode Scientific yang dirancang untuk mengkonsep sebuah pemahaman sekaligus praktik. hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa sosialisasi dilakukan pada siswa kelas 5 dan 6 SDN 1 Gadingkulon berjalan dengan baik. Dilanjutkan dengan pengenalan fitur Microsoft Word beserta fungsi dan penggunaan. Kesimpulan kegiatan pengabdian ini ialah sosialisasi dan pendampingan berjalan dengan efektif dan memberikan dampak yang signifikan pada siswa setelah terlaksananya kegiatan tersebut. Sebanyak 90 persen siswa telah mampu mengoperasikan computer terutama pada ujian sekolah yang sebelumnya siswa tidak mengetahui tata cara pengoperasian teknologi computer.

Mengli Zhang, Tianwei Zhang

Abstract This article examines the linguistic landscapes (LL) of two communities in Beijing, China, to investigate the agency and structure embodied in them. A geosemiotic and discursive approach is employed to the collected data based on geosemiotics and discursive frame. It reveals the LL in the surveyed communities in Beijing can be mainly divided into three discursive frames: the civic frame, the promotional frame, and the livelihood frame, each with its own exclusive geosemiotic characteristics of agency and structure. A separate examination of each frame reveals the specific representations of and interactions between agency and structural factors within each one. Furthermore, a longitudinal analysis of these three frames indicates the existence of a concrete dynamic equilibrium relationship between agency and structure. It can be summarized that one of the existing landscape construction modes in the communities in Beijing is characterized by the balanced agency-structure dynamics, which can serve as a reference for LL construction and research in other regions.

Anh Thi Tram Le, Thao Viet Tran, Trang Mai Tran et al.

Scientific research is the important task of lecturers in universities. However, university lecturers often struggle to balance research and teaching and focus more on teaching than research. In addition, the motivation for lecturers to do research is a little. This article surveys lecturers at some universities in Vietnam to find the factors that motivate lecturers to do science. The motivating factors include intrinsic factors (creativity, passion…), extrinsic factors (financial, promotion ..), and barriers to the scientific research activities of lecturers. Research results show that intrinsic and extrinsic factors positively impact the scientific research activities of lecturers, and the barrier factors negatively affect the research activities of lectures. Based on the research results, the authors make some suggestions to strengthen further the research activities of lecturers at universities in Vietnam.

M. Pakaluk

HERE is the Greek text, faced by excellent translations, of the three works of Aristotle of most interest to students in animal physiology, namely, "Parts of Animals", "Movement of Animals"and "Progression of Animals". Dr. Marshall's "Foreword"sets the right key for the reader, namely, composition leading to function, first tissues consolidated into organs. Aristotle is altogether charming; his method is that of science—and students and the dilettanti, who read, will be delighted. The food of plants "is already concocted before it enters them, and in return for it they yield their fruit and seeds". Horns on the head "offer the least possible hindrance to the movements of the body in general". "The Progression of Animals"is quite a basal treatise for research, so popular to-day, on the swimming and other movements of animals.AristotleDr.A. L.PeckParts of Animals; with an English translation by; Movement of Animals; Progression of Animals; with an English translation by Prof. E. S. Forster. (Loeb Classical Library, No. 323.) Pp. v + 556. (London: William Heinemann, Ltd.; Cambridge, Mass.; Harvard University Press, 1937.) 10s. net.

S. Santos, G. Ungureanu, R. Boaventura et al.

Xingzhi Shi, Zhichao Tian, Wenqiang Chen et al.

S. Bogdanov, K. Ruoff, L. P. Oddo

M. Newman, E. Leicht

Networks are widely used in the biological, physical, and social sciences as a concise mathematical representation of the topology of systems of interacting components. Understanding the structure of these networks is one of the outstanding challenges in the study of complex systems. Here we describe a general technique for detecting structural features in large-scale network data that works by dividing the nodes of a network into classes such that the members of each class have similar patterns of connection to other nodes. Using the machinery of probabilistic mixture models and the expectation–maximization algorithm, we show that it is possible to detect, without prior knowledge of what we are looking for, a very broad range of types of structure in networks. We give a number of examples demonstrating how the method can be used to shed light on the properties of real-world networks, including social and information networks.

Latifa Menadi Al-Kaabi

انطلاقًا من إطار التجسير؛ أحد الأطر الاستراتيجية الخمسة التي يعمل في ضوئها مركز ابن خلدون للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعي بجامعة قطر، ويعني إيجاد حالة من التفاعل المنهجي بين فروع العلوم الاجتماعية والإنسانية المختلفة فيما بين تلك الأطر؛ أقام مركز ابن خلدون دورة علمية بعنوان: «مداخل إلى العلوم الاجتماعية» ضمن فعالية «أسبوع مركز ابن خلدون للعلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية» على مدار سبعة أيام من 23-29 أكتوبر، شارك في تقديمها سبعة أساتذة رائدين في اختصاصاتهم. تقوم فكرة الدورة على أن المعرفة العلمية الاجتماعية معرفة متداخلة بطبيعتها، وأن الاكتفاء في البناء العلمي على التخصص الدقيق يؤدي ببعض الأكاديميين والباحثين إلى أن يحصروا أنفسهم في زاوية نظر معزولة عن سياقها المعرفي والمنهجي؛ مما يتطلب من المختصين في مختلف العلوم، أن تكون لهم دراية بالعلوم الأخرى؛ ولو على مستوى المداخل، لتتشكل لهم صورة عن خارطة المعرفة بحقولها ومناهجها المختلفة، وليتمكنوا من القيام بعملهم العلمي والبحثي عن وعي بهذا التعقيد والترابط بين العلوم. وفي هذا السياق تأتي فكرة هذه الدورة في توفير مداخل للعلوم الاجتماعية لغير المختصين، وذلك لتمكينهم من فهمٍ أفضل وأدق لظواهر المجتمع التي يعملون على دراستها والتي لا يمكن فهمها والتعامل معها دون توفيت حد أدنى من المعرفة بحقل العلوم الإنسانية والاجتماعية ومناهجه وأدواته التي طورها لفهم المجتمع وظواهره ومؤسساته.

Chenyuan Teng, Chenyuan Teng, Yichao Ding et al.

Bushing is an indispensable component in high voltage direct current (HVDC) transmission project. As the main insulating material possesses poor thermal conductivity and negative temperature coefficient (NTC) electrical resistivity, HVDC bushing suffers from the distortion of electro-thermal-coupled fields. Therefore, it is urgent to reveal the influence of electrical resistivity-temperature characteristic and thermal conductivity on the DC electric field distribution within bushing insulation, guiding the design and application advanced insulating materials. Here, the simulation of temperature and DC electric field distribution within a 400 kV bushing are carried out. The results show that the optimization of NTC effect and thermal conductivity of an insulating material is able to obtain a more uniform electric field distribution through homogenizing the electric resistivity distribution within bushing insulation. The activation energy of the insulating material has a similar variation trend with the maximum electric field within bushing insulation, which has a potential to represent the temperature dependence of electrical resistivity of insulating materials. It also shows that the reduction of DC electric field by increasing the thermal conductivity has a saturation feature. As a result, the suppression of the NTC effect should be considered together to obtain a smaller electric field within HVDC bushing. The research study provides a new idea to regulate the DC electric field distribution, which is beneficial to the design of advanced insulating materials.