Hasil untuk "Employee participation in management. Employee ownership. Industrial democracy. Works councils"

Milad Amraei, Ali Shariatnejad, Reza Sepahvand et al.

Purpose: Technological stress is one of the important challenges in the digital age, which has profound effects on the mental health and job performance of individuals due to the rapid and continuous advancement of technology and changes in the role of employees. Therefore, given the importance of the subject, the present study was conducted to phenomenologically analyze technological stress (technostress) in Iranian Tax Affairs Organization. Methodology: The present study was applied and descriptive-exploratory in terms of purpose and data collection method, respectively. Besides, it was a qualitative research type, which used the phenomenological method and the Dickelman approach.  Data collection method was in-depth interviews with participants. Accordingly, using the purposive sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical adequacy, 18 managers and employees of the Iranian Tax Affairs Organization were selected as sample members. We used qualitative content analysis and Maxqda software to examine and analyze the data obtained from the interviews. Findings: In addition to recognizing and understanding this phenomenon, the research findings have identified fifteen factors causing technological stress. Originality: With the increasing need to use digital systems and financial software in the Iranian Tax Affairs Organization, the employees may face psychological pressures resulting from rapid technological changes and elevated expectations of the organization. Therefore, a phenomenological analysis of this phenomenon helps us to examine more deeply the experiences and feelings of employees in relation to these pressures and to identify the mental and social impacts of technology on employees’ efficiency and well-being.

mohsen arefnezhad, Elahe Maneshdavi

Purpose: In today's environment, overwhelmed with changes and knowledge, organizations need to make strategic decisions regarding human resources to develop and succeed. Jobs and employment of human resources play a basic factor in people’s and society’s different aspects of life. To study this issue, the current research was carried out with the aim of presenting a fuzzy mapping of factors affecting the development of employees' career paths. Methodology: This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection method, it was a survey of exploratory type; moreover, it was based on deductive-inductive research philosophy. The statistical population of the research was experts, including senior managers and human resource managers of government organizations in Khorramabad. The sample size was selected through purposive sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical saturation. Data collection tools were interviews in the qualitative part and questionnaires in the quantitative part. Findings: The findings of the qualitative part include the identification of various factors affecting the development of employees’ career paths and the findings of the quantitative part are related to the prioritization of these factors. Results show that the most important factors affecting the development of employees' career paths are interrelationships between jobs, personal identity, job involvement, and organization’s dynamic capabilities.

L’ampleur du travail informel et non rémunéré assumé par les femmes est caractéristique des économies en développement. Les auteurs examinent au prisme du genre les effets de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur l’emploi dans les régions rurales du Viet Nam. Utilisant des données relatives à 2021 issues de l’enquête vietnamienne sur les forces de travail et d’un module sur l’emploi du temps pour estimer des modèles logit ordonnés, ils constatent une forte association entre conséquences négatives de la pandémie sur l’emploi et travail non rémunéré dans différents secteurs économiques et selon le genre. Ils apportent un éclairage sur l’imbrication de plusieurs crises – sanitaire, économique et de l’offre de soin – provoquées par la pandémie. Ils plaident pour une meilleure prise en compte du genre dans l’élaboration des politiques et pour une augmentation des investissements dans les structures d’accueil dans les régions rurales du Viet Nam, en particulier pour les travailleurs informels précaires, les femmes chefs de famille et les travailleurs non agricoles. 

Les auteurs mesurent l’inadéquation éducative en mobilisant une nouvelle définition, qui tient compte de l’hétérogénéité des compétences à niveau d’études identique. Ils postulent que des travailleurs moins (plus) compétents compensent ce déficit (excédent) en suivant davantage (moins) d’études et ils utilisent les données du PIAAC pour analyser la substitution, au niveau du salaire, entre inadéquation des compétences et inadéquation des qualifications. Ils utilisent cet indicateur pour évaluer l’inadéquation éducative effective dans un échantillon de pays et constatent que la prise en compte des compétences réelles s’accompagne d’une diminution de la suréducation, et que la différence entre inadéquation éducative observée et inadéquation éducative effective varie selon les pays.

Geoffroy GONZALEZ

L’article interroge la délibération collective comme levier de la soutenabilité écologique et sociale du travail en entreprise. L’étude porte sur une société coopérative d’intérêt collectif dont les activités s’inscrivent dans des objectifs de transition écologique. Ce type de coopérative repose sur la participation de l’ensemble des parties prenantes (producteurs, consommateurs, etc.) à la délibération collective sur le travail. L’article analyse les apports et les limites de l’«holacratie» comme méthode d’organisation du travail censée favoriser la multiplication des espaces de délibération collective. L’auteur montre que l’impact de la délibération collective sur la soutenabilité du travail est contrasté et diffère selon les parties prenantes.

Ali shariatnejad, Ali Omidi

Objective: One of the challenges in management research relates to management research methodology. Understanding this issue will help to develop managerial knowledge. In this research, we have reviewed the Management and Development Process Quarterly (published by the Institute of Management and Planning Studies). Methodology: In terms of purpose, this research was of applied type and in terms of methodology it was qualitative using content analysis. The statistical population was 264 articles published in the quarterly for ten years between 2013 and 2024. The ten indicators considered in this study included the number of articles published each year, the field of study of the corresponding author and the number of authors, research methods, research approaches, data collection tools, sampling methods, data analysis methods, articles extracted from doctoral theses, thematic contribution of the articles, and geographical distribution. Findings: Results show the areas covered in the articles and the number of cases for each area are as follow: development process (45 cases), development of macro systems regulation (20 cases), governance (22 cases), administrative structures (16 cases), public administration (138 cases), applied researches (224 cases), applied-exploratory articles (5 cases), quantitative approach (130 cases), structural equation modeling method in quantitative approach (52 cases), content analysis in qualitative approach (49 cases),  grounded theory (28 cases) data collection method through questionnaires (157 cases), simple random sampling method (44 cases), purposive non-probability method (77 cases).

Shaghayegh Salehabadi, Reza Sepahvand, Seyed Najmeddin Mousavi et al.

Purpose: Some leaders seek to keep their identity alive in the organization. They insist on leaving a lasting mark for the future.  This desire and motivation to create a legacy, which is considered a powerful driving force for them, is called organizational ghosts. The purpose of this research was to know and understand the phenomenon of organizational ghosts and to investigate the influencing factors and consequences of this phenomenon in government organizations. Methodology: Given that the present study was descriptive-exploratory in terms of its applied purpose and the method of collecting data conducted through the phenomenological method (i.e., the lived experience of people involved in the phenomenon) and the Dickelman approach, it was classified as qualitative research. As a result, data collection method was in-depth interviews with the participants. In the next step, we applied qualitative content analysis method based on inductive approach and Maxqda software to analyze the data obtained from the interviews. Findings: Results include three main themes as well as eleven influential items, six positive outcomes, and six negative outcomes. Originality: Foreign studies have already investigated and analyzed the phenomenon of organizational ghosts, but we may claim that the present study is a forerunner of its type in Iran.

Francis Engwayo A Mgawadere, Mtafu Manda

Participation in urban planning is championed for entrenching democracy and development. Malawi passed the Local Government Act (1998) and Decentralization Policy (1998) to facilitate community participation in decision-making processes. Several studies have been conducted on decentralization and local governance on community participation. Little attention has been paid to examining the impact of the language used in planning processes on democracy and inclusivity envisaged in the law and policy. Using communicative action theory, the study examined challenges posed by language used in planning processes on inclusivity in the approval processes of urban plans. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, observations and document review and analyzed using thematic and discourse analysis. The findings show that while there is high participation at community planning levels, because planners communicate using local languages, participation is compromised in the service committees at city level where final planning decisions are made due to language barrier. Specifically, lack of sincerity, truthfulness, comprehensibility and therefore legitimacy are apparent. Planners are reluctant to simplify written language and translate planning jargon into local languages for councillors to understand. The study concludes that community participation in the urban planning process in Mzuzu fails to entrench democracy due to lack of inclusiveness owing to the language barrier at city level where final planning decisions are made. The study proposes a framework for inclusive participation in urban planning including the motivation, conditions for effective participation and outcomes of participation.

Leoncio Jimenez

To conceptualize living systems based on the processes that create them, rather than their interactions with the environment, as in systems theory. Maturana and Varela (1969) at the University of Chile introduced the term autopoiesis (from Greek self and production). This concept emphasizes autonomy as the defining feature of living systems. It describes them as self-sustaining entities that preserve their identity through continuous self-renewal to preserve their unity. Furthermore, these systems can only be understood in reference to themselves, as all internal activities are inherently self-determined by self-production and self-referentiality. This thesis introduces the Fuzzy Autopoietic Knowledge Management (FAKM) model, which integrates the system theory of living systems, the cybernetic theory of viable systems, and the autopoiesis theory of autopoietic systems. The goal is to move beyond traditional knowledge management models that rely on Cartesian dualism (cognition/action) where knowledge is treated as symbolic information processing. Instead, the FAKM model adopts a dualism of organization/structure to define an autopoietic system within a sociotechnical approach. The model is experimentally applied to a manufacturing company in the Maule Region, south of Santiago, Chile.

Anwar Ahmed Khan, Shama Siddiqui, Indrakshi Dey

Managing delay is one of the core requirements of industrial automation applications due to the high risk associated for equipment and human lives. Using efficient Media Access Control (MAC) schemes guarantees the timely transmission of critical data, particularly in the industrial environments where heterogeneous data is inherently expected. This paper compares the performance of Fragmentation based MAC (FROG-MAC) against Fuzzy Priority Scheduling based MAC (FPS-MAC), both of which have been designed to optimize the performance of heterogenous wireless networks. Contiki has been used as a simulation platform and a single hop star topology has been assumed to resemble the industrial environment. It has been shown that FROG-MAC has the potential to outperform FPS-MAC in terms of energy efficiency and delay both, due to its inherent feature of interrupting ongoing lower priority transmission on the channel.

Nils B. Weidmann, Mats Faulborn, David García

Current political developments worldwide illustrate that research on democratic backsliding is as important as ever. A recent exchange in Political Science & Politics (2/2024) has highlighted again a fundamental challenge in this literature: the measurement of democracy. With many democracy indicators consisting of subjective assessments rather than factual observations, trends in democracy over time could be due to human biases in the coding of these indicators rather than empirical facts. In this paper, we leverage two cutting-edge Large Language Models (LLMs) for the coding of democracy indicators from the V-Dem project. With access to a huge amount of information, these models may be able to rate the many "soft" characteristics of regimes without the cognitive biases that humans potentially possess. While LLM-generated codings largely align with expert coders for many countries, we show that when these models deviate from human assessments, they do so in different but consistent ways: Some LLMs are too pessimistic, while others consistently overestimate the democratic quality of these countries. While the combination of the two LLM codings can alleviate this concern, we conclude that it is difficult to replace human coders with LLMs, since the extent and direction of these attitudes is not known a priori.

Mohammad Hossein setayesh, Helmi Hamzah Abass Mashari, Navid Reza Namazi

Purpose: The purpose of this study is the effect of using program budget in planning and accountability of Iraqi state universities. Methodology: This field research was conducted in Basra University, Iraq, with a practical approach. The statistical community includes the university president, vice presidents, financial manager and faculty members related to accounting, auditing, management, taxation and economics. This study has qualitative and quantitative sections, in the qualitative section, purposive sampling was used, and in the quantitative section, simple random sampling was used. Data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by structural equation method. Findings: The results of the hypotheses revealed that there is a significant relationship between the use of program budgeting and planning. Additionally, there is a significant relationship between the use of program budgeting and accountability. On the one hand, a significant relationship was found between advanced tools and technologies, government support, integrated government systems, and scientific and practical competence in improving the level of financial planning. Moreover, a significant relationship was found between advanced tools and technologies, government support, integrated government systems, and scientific and practical competence in measuring the effectiveness of financial planning. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between advanced tools and technologies, government support, integrated government systems, and scientific and practical competence in accountability. Originality/ value: Iraq's public universities, including Basra University, face significant funding shortfalls that hinder their ability to provide quality education. By promoting effective budgeting and planning practices, this study aims to contribute to the long-term sustainability of Basra University and support the country's development goals.

Siddharth Priya, Arie Gurfinkel

The concept of ownership in high level languages can aid both the programmer and the compiler to reason about the validity of memory operations. Previously, ownership semantics has been used successfully in high level automatic program verification to model a reference to data by a first order logic (FOL) representation of data instead of maintaining an address map. However, ownership semantics is not used in low level program verification. We have identified two challenges. First, ownership information is lost when a program is compiled to a low level intermediate representation (e.g., in LLVM IR). Second, pointers in low level programs point to bytes using an address map (e.g., in unsafe Rust) and thus the verification condition (VC) cannot always replace a pointer by its FOL abstraction. To remedy the situation, we develop ownership semantics for an LLVM like low level intermediate representation. Using these semantics, the VC can opportunistically model some memory accesses by a direct access of a pointer cache that stores byte representation of data. This scheme reduces instances where an address map must be maintained, especially for mostly safe programs that follow ownership semantics. For unsafe functionality, memory accesses are modelled by operations on an address map and we provide mechanisms to keep the address map and pointer cache in sync. We implement these semantics in SEABMC, a bit precise bounded model checker for LLVM. For evaluation, the source programs are assumed to be written in C. Since C does not have ownership built in, suitable macros are added that introduce and preserve ownership during translation to LLVM like IR for verification. This approach is evaluated on mature open source C code. For both handcrafted benchmarks and practical programs, we observe a speedup of $1.3x-5x$ during SMT solving.

Lei Jihu

Post-pandemic, the chemical sector faces new challenges crucial to national progress, with a pressing need for rapid transformation and upgrading. The pandemic's impact and increasing demand for sustainability have highlighted the importance of green supply chain management. This study used a questionnaire survey and analyzed the data with SPSS and AMOS to investigate the influence of factors like regulatory compliance, green procurement, manufacturing, logistics, sales, competitors, internal environmental protection, and cost control on green supply chain management awareness and implementation in chemical enterprises. The results show that these factors significantly enhance green supply chain management, contributing to economic and environmental benefits. This paper provides a theoretical framework to improve green supply chain efficiency in chemical clusters, promoting sustainable industry growth.

Nikhita Joshi, Daniel Vogel

The feeling of something belonging to someone is called "psychological ownership." A common assumption is that writing with generative AI lowers psychological ownership, but the extent to which this occurs and the role of prompt length are unclear. We report on two experiments to examine the relationship between psychological ownership and prompt length. Participants wrote short stories either completely by themselves or wrote prompts of varying lengths. Results show that when participants wrote longer prompts, they had higher levels of psychological ownership. Their comments suggest they thought more about their prompts, often adding more details about the plot. However, benefits plateaued when prompt length was 75-100% of the target story length. To encourage users to write longer prompts, we propose augmenting the prompt submission button so it must be held down a long time if the prompt is short. Results show that this technique is effective at increasing prompt length.

Sahar Nazifkar, Mojtaba Amiry, Aryan Gholipour

Background & Purpose: Self-empowerment refers to the processes that employees themselves decide to go through, and according to the skills, knowledge, and abilities that a person acquires in the direction of self-empowerment, it results in the formation of a sense of competence, meaning, the right to choose, influence, etc. Accordingly, this article tries to present a model of self-empowerment of healthcare workers and the health sector.Methodology: This research was done using the qualitative method of the grounded theory and using the interview tool. The target population of the research was experts, professors and university informants in the field of management, as well as managers of the two studied hospitals of "Irfan Saadat Abad" and "Irfan Niayesh", among them 40 people using the method of "theoretical sampling" (20 hospital managers and 20 scientific and academic experts and experts) were chosen and the collection of information continued until saturation and theoretical adequacy.Findings: "Causal factors" (internal and external organizational factors), "contextual factors" (environment including organizational, social, and cultural factors) and "intervening factors" (organizational requirements) are effective in the emergence of self-empowerment in hospital centers. Thus, in the model that is presented for the purpose of self-empowerment of health workers, treatment and health field, "macro management strategies" should be used in order to change the management paradigm, including transformation in the structure, strengthening of organizational culture, etc. applied to witness "organizational and extra-organizational" consequences and achievements including personal growth and excellence (employees), transformation of administrative system, satisfaction of managers, employees, and visitors to hospital centers.Conclusion: Since self-empowerment is a person's belief about the ability and power necessary to perform duties if this belief is strengthened, and in the meantime, hospital centers are also using modern practices and efforts to support employees and rule justice and lawfulness in the organization, which lays the groundwork. The establishment of meritocracy and rule over the relationship can provide the necessary incentives for self-empowerment in employees.

Razieh Abdollahii, Mojtaba Amiri, Abbas Nargesian

Background & Purpose: EVP as a strategy to create a competitive advantage for the employer in the labor market and with the aim of ensuring the employment and maintaining of the best employees, is a new concept that considers the benefits of cooperation with a specific employer, and different components have been introduced for that so far. Therefore, the current research seeks to understand the nature as well as the components of EVP with an integrated approach. Methodology: In this research, in order to understand the nature and components of EVP, a systematic literature review method was used. Research data resources for this study includes the related articles published in the scientific database. These articles were chosen based on the pertinent criteria and were analyzed using open coding. Findings: After reviewing the definitions of employees’ value propositions, the nature, purpose, and conditions for achieving this value were identified. Furthermore, its five integral components include: communicational, cultural, economic, developmental values, values of the job and values of pride and credibility of the organization. Conclusion: The findings of this study can contribute to cognition of the organization employees’ expected values in order to improve competitive power of the organizations in employing and retaining the best individuals.

Zhenglong Li, Hejun Huang, Vincent Tam

Reinforcement learning (RL) based investment strategies have been widely adopted in portfolio management (PM) in recent years. Nevertheless, most RL-based approaches may often emphasize on pursuing returns while ignoring the risks of the underlying trading strategies that may potentially lead to great losses especially under high market volatility. Therefore, a risk-manageable PM investment framework integrating both RL and barrier functions (BF) is proposed to carefully balance the needs for high returns and acceptable risk exposure in PM applications. Up to our understanding, this work represents the first attempt to combine BF and RL for financial applications. While the involved RL approach may aggressively search for more profitable trading strategies, the BF-based risk controller will continuously monitor the market states to dynamically adjust the investment portfolio as a controllable measure for avoiding potential losses particularly in downtrend markets. Additionally, two adaptive mechanisms are provided to dynamically adjust the impact of risk controllers such that the proposed framework can be flexibly adapted to uptrend and downtrend markets. The empirical results of our proposed framework clearly reveal such advantages against most well-known RL-based approaches on real-world data sets. More importantly, our proposed framework shed lights on many possible directions for future investigation.

Ruonan Liu, Quanhu Zhang, Te Han

Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems (ICPS) integrate the disciplines of computer science, communication technology, and engineering, and have emerged as integral components of contemporary manufacturing and industries. However, ICPS encounters various challenges in long-term operation, including equipment failures, performance degradation, and security threats. To achieve efficient maintenance and management, prognostics and health management (PHM) finds widespread application in ICPS for critical tasks, including failure prediction, health monitoring, and maintenance decision-making. The emergence of large-scale foundation models (LFMs) like BERT and GPT signifies a significant advancement in AI technology, and ChatGPT stands as a remarkable accomplishment within this research paradigm, harboring potential for General Artificial Intelligence. Considering the ongoing enhancement in data acquisition technology and data processing capability, LFMs are anticipated to assume a crucial role in the PHM domain of ICPS. However, at present, a consensus is lacking regarding the application of LFMs to PHM in ICPS, necessitating systematic reviews and roadmaps to elucidate future directions. To bridge this gap, this paper elucidates the key components and recent advances in the underlying model.A comprehensive examination and comprehension of the latest advances in grand modeling for PHM in ICPS can offer valuable references for decision makers and researchers in the industrial field while facilitating further enhancements in the reliability, availability, and safety of ICPS.

Eduard Hirsch, Simon Hoher, Stefan Huber

Industry 4.0 factories are complex and data-driven. Data is yielded from many sources, including sensors, PLCs, and other devices, but also from IT, like ERP or CRM systems. We ask how to collect and process this data in a way, such that it includes metadata and can be used for industrial analytics or to derive intelligent support systems. This paper describes a new, query model based approach, which uses a big data architecture to capture data from various sources using OPC UA as a foundation. It buffers and preprocesses the information for the purpose of harmonizing and providing a holistic state space of a factory, as well as mappings to the current state of a production site. That information can be made available to multiple processing sinks, decoupled from the data sources, which enables them to work with the information without interfering with devices of the production, disturbing the network devices they are working in, or influencing the production process negatively. Metadata and connected semantic information is kept throughout the process, allowing to feed algorithms with meaningful data, so that it can be accessed in its entirety to perform time series analysis, machine learning or similar evaluations as well as replaying the data from the buffer for repeatable simulations.