Hasil untuk "Drawing. Design. Illustration"

Zoran Milosevic, Fethi Rabhi

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLM) and subsequent Agentic AI technologies requires systematic architectural guidance for building sophisticated, production-grade systems. This paper presents an approach for architecting such systems using design patterns derived from enterprise distributed systems standards, formal methods, and industry practice. We classify these patterns into three tiers: LLM Agents (task-specific automation), Agentic AI (adaptive goal-seekers), and Agentic Communities (organizational frameworks where AI agents and human participants coordinate through formal roles, protocols, and governance structures). We focus on Agentic Communities - coordination frameworks encompassing LLM Agents, Agentic AI entities, and humans - most relevant for enterprise and industrial applications. Drawing on established coordination principles from distributed systems, we ground these patterns in a formal framework that specifies collaboration agreements where AI agents and humans fill roles within governed ecosystems. This approach provides both practical guidance and formal verification capabilities, enabling expression of organizational, legal, and ethical rules through accountability mechanisms that ensure operational and verifiable governance of inter-agent communication, negotiation, and intent modeling. We validate this framework through a clinical trial matching case study. Our goal is to provide actionable guidance to practitioners while maintaining the formal rigor essential for enterprise deployment in dynamic, multi-agent ecosystems.

Jon Kolko

Hernán Lameda Luna

El objetivo de este artículo es verificar cómo se presenta la arquitectura de Latinoamérica en varias historias universales escritas en el siglo XX. Se revisan siete libros de historia de arquitectura internacional, cuyos autores son: Henry Russell-Hitchcock (1903-1987), Leonardo Benévolo (1923-2017), Kenneth Frampton (1930), Manfredo Tafuri (1935-1994), Charles Jencks (1939-2019), Josep María Montaner (1954) y William Curtis (1948). Se cotejan cuáles obras y arquitectos de América Latina son aludidos en estas historias, junto con los criterios de valoración de la arquitectura latinoamericana en el escenario global. También, se comparan los siete libros entre sí; para corroborar los diversos enfoques, fuentes de información, temporalidad y estrategias usadas para incorporar a la arquitectura de Latinoamérica en historias de ámbito mundial. En las conclusiones, se explica cómo ha sido la construcción de una historicidad desde miradas foráneas, así como la influencia de estas historias en las ideas existentes sobre arquitectura latinoamericana.

Jozsef Balogh, Irene Parada, Gelasio Salazar

In a simple drawing of a graph every pair of edges intersect each other in at most one point, which is either a common endvertex or a proper crossing. For each positive integer $n$, Negami identified a drawing $B_n$ of the complete bipartite graph $K_{n,n}$, and proved that if $N$ is sufficiently large, then every drawing of $K_{N,N}$ contains a drawing of $K_{n,n}$ weakly isomorphic to $B_n$. Thus $B_n$ is (up to weak isomorphism) the only {\em unavoidable} drawing of $K_{n,n}$. We extend this result to complete multipartite graphs, characterizing their unavoidable drawings.

Houjiang Liu, Yiheng Su, Matthew Lease

We explore potential benefits of incorporating Rhetorical Design into the design of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) systems. While XAI is traditionally framed around explaining individual predictions or overall system behavior, explanations may also function as rhetorical arguments that shape how users evaluate a system's usefulness and credibility, and how they develop appropriate trust for adoption. In real-world, in-situ interactions, explanations can thus produce experiential and affective rhetorical effects that are not fully captured by traditional XAI design goals that focus primarily on how AI works. To address this gap, we propose Rhetorical XAI, which bridges two explanatory goals: how AI works and why AI merits use. Rhetorical XAI comprises three appeals in explanation design: logos, which aligns technical logic with human reasoning through visual and textual abstractions; ethos, which establishes contextual credibility based on the explanation source and its appropriateness to the decision task; and pathos, which engages user emotionally by framing explanations around their motivations, expectations, or situated needs during interaction. We conduct a narrative review synthesizing design strategies from prior XAI work aligned with these three rhetorical appeals, highlighting both opportunities and challenges of integrating rhetorical design into XAI.

Xinhui Ye, Joep Frens, Jun Hu

Exploration is crucial in the design process and is known for its essential role in fostering creativity and enhancing design outcomes. Within design teams, exploration evolves into co-exploration, a collaborative and dynamic practice that this study aims to unpack. To investigate this experience, we conducted a longitudinal observational study with 61 students across 16 design teams. Over five months of weekly diary-interviews, we uncovered the intricate dynamics of co-exploration. Our main contribution is a four-dimensional framework that identifies five distinct patterns of co-exploration activities. Our findings reveal how co-exploration emerges across various activities throughout the design process, demonstrating its role in different team interactions. It fosters a sense of togetherness, keeping design teams open-minded and engaged. This engagement cultivates collective intelligence, enabling teams to actively share knowledge, build upon each other's ideas, and achieve outcomes beyond individual contributions. Our study underscores the value of co-exploration, suggesting that it reflects the trajectory of design success and warrants further research. We also provide actionable insights, equipping future practitioners with strategies to enhance co-exploration in design collaborations.

R. Christensen, J. Ranstam, S. Overgaard et al.

Use structured summary form (Background, Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusion). • Remember to add trial registration if the study was appropriately pre-registered. Introduction • Introduce in short, the topic. • Scientific background for the topic (incl. gaps in knowledge). • Evidence-based research (i.e., what is already known on this topic?). • Rationale for this study (i.e., what are the challenges to be addressed?). • Hypothesis when appropriate, aim and/or key objectives. Methods section (include only what is available when planning) • Structured reporting according to study design like STROBE and CONSORT (i.e., see EQUATOR network guidance). • Study design. • Participant/patient, samples (i.e., eligibility criteria) • Interventions/exposures (i.e., describe groups of importance for statistical testing). • Variables and outcome measures (e.g., the primary and key secondary endpoints). • Sample size and power considerations (i.e., informative even in a retrospective study). • Patient and public involvement in the research (i.e., did the researchers involve patients as research partners at any/all stages?). • Ethics and study registration like Clinicaltrials.gov (i.e., ethics approval obtained and availability of pre-registered protocol). • Statistical methods (e.g., main analyses; handling of missing data and multiplicity issues). Results • Participant flow (i.e., a Figure: a diagram illustrating study flow and attrition). • Baseline characteristics (i.e., a Table format reporting descriptive statistics for all participants in the intention-to-infer from population). • Main findings illustrated (i.e., illustration of the primary findings based on the prespecified objectives rather than chance findings [i.e., not based on significant “P values”]). • Main analyses on the primary and key secondary objectives (i.e., Table(s) reporting statistical measures for each group and difference between them [with 95% confidence intervals]). Discussion • Statement of principal findings based on the aim/key objectives/ hypothesis. • Putting the research into context (to previous studies). • Possible explanation of the results. • Strengths and limitations of the study. • Conclusions are strictly related to the aim/key objectives/ hypotheses. • Perspectives of the study. Avoid recommendation unless the manuscript is a recommendation paper. a “Enhancing the QUAlity and Transparency Of health Research” (EQUATOR) Network is an international initiative that seeks to improve the reliability and value of published health research literature by promoting transparent and accurate reporting and wider use of robust reporting guidelines (www.equator-network.org). Acta Orthopaedica 2023; 94: 243–249 245 mended because they are extremely effective for indicating missing data in epidemiological and clinical research. Randomized trials are not the only type of study to benefit from a transparent format that clearly describes enrollment, intervention/exposure allocation, follow-up, and data analysis. Reporting the Statistics section We encourage authors to recognize the importance of missing data—to embrace this issue and discuss (as part of the Results and Discussion section) how missing data affect the clinical findings. Missing data is unavoidable, but its potential to undermine the validity of research results is frequently ignored in the medical literature. The links between the research question and its answer need to be developed prior to the statistical analysis in the form of a study design, accounted for in the statistical analysis, and explained to the reader of the submitted manuscript. The protocol, developed according to the principles stated in the Helsinki Declaration, should be registered in a clinical studies database such as Clinicaltrials.gov or EU Clinical Trials Register. Alternatively, the original protocol could be registered and made publicly available at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/). Registration of register studies is also highly recommended – identifying and documenting the study in a public registry before the study is conducted. Prospective registration of register studies has several benefits, including: (i) reducing publication bias by making it more difficult for researchers to selectively report only the results that support their hypothesis; (ii) improving research quality by encouraging researchers to carefully plan their study design, analysis, and reporting, which can improve the overall quality of research; and (iii) increasing trust in the register research and facilitating replication. All statistical methods should be clearly specified and—when unusual methods are necessary—referenced. For every statistical result, the method used for deriving it should be clearly described. It is also important to address in sufficient detail the assumptions underlying the statistical methods used. No data should be removed, imputed, weighted, adjusted, or trimmed without clearly describing and justifying why and explaining the subsequent effects (i.e., see sensitivity analyses). Descriptive statistics: Descriptive statistics form an indispensable part of medical research manuscripts. Suitable tables should clearly describe the important features of the collected outcome variables and of the key prognostic and demographic variables. The results of the main analyses relating to the objectives of the study should be clearly described and presented, with descriptive statistics detailing both the central tendency and measures of dispersion (spread) of the data. We use means and standard deviations, or medians and interquartile ranges, as well as counts and proportions to inform the reader regarding the distribution of observations in variables for analysis and reporting. Statistical tests: The relation between the studied hypothesis and the presented results from null hypothesis testing (P values) should be clearly explained in the manuscript. The tests should be used with a defined effect size (e.g., estimating treatment effects), and the estimation uncertainty (usually via a confidence interval) should be considered in the results presentation. Unless the use of 1-sided tests is specifically justified (and performed at half the alpha level), the tests should be 2-sided. Authors should present P values with real numbers if these are greater than 0.001, using one digit except zeros. Otherwise, they should use “P 0.05,” or asterisks. We recommend that authors present analysis results with 95% confidence intervals instead of P values. Authors who wish to publish a manuscript with statistical tests must comply with 2 Acta Orthopaedica principles for concluding whether scientifically important differences exist: 1. A statistically non-significant test is not sufficient to claim “no difference.” To show “no difference,” a smallest clinically relevant size of the difference (it might be 0) must be defined. If all clinically relevant differences are excluded from the difference’s confidence interval, a “no difference” or similarity/comparability conclusion is reasonable. 2. A statistically significant test does not necessarily imply a clinically important difference. The importance of the tested null hypothesis depends on the smallest clinically relevant difference that should be defined a priori. If the difference’s confidence interval excludes all clinically irrelevant differences, a conclusion concerning the existence of a clinically important difference is reasonable. Multiple statistical tests: Most manuscripts include and rely on more than 1 set of 95% confidence intervals and P values. However, performing multiple statistical significance tests increase the chance of false-positive test results. When a single statistical test is performed at a 5% significance level, there is just a 5% chance of a false-positive result, but if repeated tests are performed, each at a 5% significance level, a false-positive test result can be expected. Problems related to this inflation of the significance level are known as multiplicity issues, which need to be acknowledged in the interpretation of the research findings. In contrast to hypothesis-generating studies, in which the outcome is a hypothesis, confirmatory studies—designed to provide empirical evidence for a prespecified hypothesis at a specific significance level—need to be designed and analyzed with respect to multiplicity issues—matters requiring multiple testing. Such multiple testing might be “....due to multiple subgroup comparisons, comparisons across multiple treatment arms, analysis of multiple outcomes, and multiple analyses of the same outcome at different times.” The development of a prespecified strategy for addressing multiplicity issues is usually required. Such strategies are often, but not always, based on adjusting P values or significance levels using the Bonferroni method or more refined alternatives such as Bonferroni-Holm’s or Hochberg’s method. HowActa Orthopaedica 2023; 94: 243–249 246 ever, merely performing a post hoc Bonferroni adjustment in a hypothesis-generating study is not sufficient for drawing confirmative conclusions. Although authors are at liberty to choose suitable significance levels, if they deviate from the conventional 5%, they should clarify their motivation and explain whether their ambition is to publish a hypothesis-generating or a confirmative study. In the latter case, and if multiplicity issues exist, they should present the multiplicity strategy they used in the Methods section and provide documentation for its pre-specification. Multiple regression models: Authors should keep in mind when conducting regression analyses and reporting results that such analyses are conducted in different ways, with different aims in mind, depending on the design of the study. The following examples from 3 common study designs illustrate how these analyses may differ. In prognostic

Rivo Panji, Rika Sepriani

This research aims to develop an electronic comic (e-comic) as an innovative learning medium for introducing clean and healthy living behaviors at Mulya Fajar Kindergarten in Indragiri Hulu Regency. The e-comic is designed to enhance the interest and understanding of 4-5-year-old children in the importance of maintaining a clean and healthy lifestyle, which is a crucial aspect of early childhood education. The research began with an initial study to gather information and understand the current situation of teaching and learning activities at Mulya Fajar Kindergarten, particularly in the context of teaching about clean and healthy living. The researcher conducted observations and interviews with the school supervisor and teachers to identify any issues in the learning process, especially related to the introduction of clean and healthy living behaviors. The design of the e-comic was planned in stages, considering the appropriate materials for children to learn about clean and healthy living, the amount of information to be introduced, and any obstacles faced by teachers or students in teaching these concepts. The e-comic was created using the Canva platform, which offers a variety of tools for drawing illustrations, applying color palettes, adding text and dialog balloons, and incorporating graphic elements relevant to the theme of cleanliness and health. The final product of this research is an e-comic that has been tested and revised to ensure its quality and effectiveness. The e-comic is intended for use as an electronic learning medium for children aged 4-5 at Mulya Fajar Kindergarten in Indragiri Hulu Regency. The research also includes a statement of originality, confirming that the work is the researcher's own and free from plagiarism, and a validation sheet for the progress of the research project. The e-comic is expected to be a specific product that can be used to introduce clean and healthy living behaviors to young children, promoting interactive visual narratives that can develop children's language skills and creativity, as well as providing teachers with creative and innovative experiences to teach these concepts.

Anna Pasco Bolta, Jean Manca, Robin Bonné

The sand of the seafloor is filled with electricity. Although it has been like that for millions of years, only about a decade ago, a group of Danish researchers found out that a microscopic hair-like bacterium is responsible for it. These so-called cable bacteria make electrical wires to transport energy over their bodies – a formerly unknown form of life. This unique creature has made scientists excited, intrigued and … in love. The bacterium attracted a lot of interested minds to Denmark. The fascination for cable bacteria crosses all fields of knowledge, initiating the collaborative project between art and science and thus giving the opportunity for different audiences to feel connected to the subject, regardless of their profession or background. The result was an exciting collaboration between scientists Robin Bonné and Jean Manca, and artist Anna Pasco Bolta, to create an art performance where a cable bacterium was fished from the mud and a love letter was read through a cable bacterium. Through the joint cross-disciplinary love letters of artist and scientists, they express their shared amor mundi, love for life and the world, together with their concerns and critical questions related to the fragile connections between life and the world. The cross-fertilisation of this scientific and artistic research connects fundamental questions on biosphere and technosphere, life, love and technology, symbiosis through electrical networks in nature and in our connected digital world. The artwork travelled around Europe, Canada and Egypt, and included a performance in front of 1500 microbiologists. 

Julia Katheder, Philipp Kindermann, Fabian Klute et al.

We introduce the $k$-Plane Insertion into Plane drawing ($k$-PIP) problem: given a plane drawing of a planar graph $G$ and a set $F$ of edges, insert the edges in $F$ into the drawing such that the resulting drawing is $k$-plane. In this paper, we show that the problem is NP-complete for every $k\ge 1$, even when $G$ is biconnected and the set $F$ of edges forms a matching or a path. On the positive side, we present a linear-time algorithm for the case that $k=1$ and $G$ is a triangulation.

Gavin J. Mooney, Helen C. Purchase, Michael Wybrow et al.

Most of the common graph layout principles (a.k.a. "aesthetics") on which many graph drawing algorithms are based are easy to define and to perceive. For example, the number of pairs of edges that cross each other, how symmetric a drawing looks, the aspect ratio of the bounding box, or the angular resolution at the nodes. The extent to which a graph drawing conforms to these principles can be determined by looking at how it is drawn -- that is, by looking at the marks on the page -- without consideration for the underlying structure of the graph. A key layout principle is that of optimising `stress', the basis for many algorithms such as the popular Kamada \& Kawai algorithm and several force-directed algorithms. The stress of a graph drawing is, loosely speaking, the extent to which the geometric distance between each pair of nodes is proportional to the shortest path between them -- over the whole graph drawing. The definition of stress therefore relies on the underlying structure of the graph (the `paths') in a way that other layout principles do not, making stress difficult to describe to novices unfamiliar with graph drawing principles, and, we believe, difficult to perceive. We conducted an experiment to see whether people (novices as well as experts) can see stress in graph drawings, and found that it is possible to train novices to `see' stress -- even if their perception strategies are not based on the definitional concepts.

Haoyun Qin, Jian Lin, Hanyuan Liu et al.

Assistive drawing aims to facilitate the creative process by providing intelligent guidance to artists. Existing solutions often fail to effectively model intricate stroke details or adequately address the temporal aspects of drawing. We introduce hyperstroke, a novel stroke representation designed to capture precise fine stroke details, including RGB appearance and alpha-channel opacity. Using a Vector Quantization approach, hyperstroke learns compact tokenized representations of strokes from real-life drawing videos of artistic drawing. With hyperstroke, we propose to model assistive drawing via a transformer-based architecture, to enable intuitive and user-friendly drawing applications, which are experimented in our exploratory evaluation.

Jize Wang, Kazuhisa Nakano, Daiyannan Chen et al.

In recent years, the field of generative artificial intelligence, particularly in the domain of image generation, has exerted a profound influence on society. Despite the capability of AI to produce images of high quality, the augmentation of users' drawing abilities through the provision of drawing support systems emerges as a challenging issue. In this study, we propose that a cognitive factor, specifically, the size of the canvas, may exert a considerable influence on the outcomes of imitative drawing sketches when utilizing reference images. To investigate this hypothesis, a web based drawing interface was utilized, designed specifically to evaluate the effect of the canvas size's proportionality to the reference image on the fidelity of the drawings produced. The findings from our research lend credence to the hypothesis that a drawing interface, featuring a canvas whose dimensions closely match those of the reference image, markedly improves the precision of user-generated sketches.

Yurii Lehenkyi, Olha Boiko, Alla Hotsaliuk

Наголошено на актуальності визначення систем образного документування в театральному просторі. Мета статті – визначити театральний простір як образ світоустрою та його презентацію в режисурі ХХ століття. Методологія дослідження презентується компаративним та полісистемним підходами, що дає можливість визначити цілісність образних співвідношень фіксації часу і простору (документування) в порівнянні авторських моделей театрального видива у провідних режисерів ХХ століття, а також опису презентації театральної події в контексті різних сценічних системних моделей. Новизна дослідження. Театр з самого початку був образом світоустрою, так чи інакше пов’язаний з образом творення людського помешкання, як місця в бутті. Такий широкий контекст, таке широке розуміння простору театру і свідчить про те, що сцена є не просто вигородка, обмежений шматок, в якому відбувається візуальна дія, а це архетип, образ, – образ передусім шляху людини, образ поля, Ойкумени, який символізує місце людини в бутті, в оцьому ландшафті, і має свій явно визначений сакралізований епіцентр. Висновок. Театральність як тип буття, а театр як своєрідна модель всесвіту, яка структурує і згортає час, робить його осьовим, вертикально зазначеним, акцентованим на ліве і праве, добре і зле, а також визначає в ньому найголовніше: місце події, як своєрідний ритуал. Театр ніколи не позбувається ритуальності, яка свідчить про святковість, видовищність и сакральність дії і події. Сценізм як феномен культуротворчості і визначення осі часу як сценічно-видовищного епіцентру культури є один з головних і найважливіших принципів осмислення видовища як festive, фестивації, себто видовищної презентації реальності в усіх можливих артефактах культури (так, зокрема, набувають видовищності і сценічності політичні візії, акції, шоу, в екранному просторі ТБ, і взагалі в рекламному дискурсі), і в контексті всього широкого сканування можливостей презентації цілісності культури дає розгорнуту мапу можливостей образного втілення інформації. Це в свій час наводить межі, а межі так чи інакше документуються. І документ як відлік часу і відлік простору, як певний хронотоп, звичайно, презентує цю динаміку видовищно-сценічних презентацій культури.

Sumita Sharma, Netta Iivari, Leena Ventä-Olkkonen et al.

Children increasingly use applications utilizing Artificial Intelligence / Machine Learning (AI/ML). Given the propensity of such applications to propagate existing social, gender, and racial biases, it becomes imperative to consider designing and developing child-centered AI applications for children. Furthermore, children should have opportunities and skills to critically reflect on current applications and envision and design better AI/ML applications that are ethical, specifically, those that are inclusive and fair. In our work, we focus on child-centered AI and inclusion. Using a two-fanged approach to inclusion and employing design futuring in our research with schools in India and Finland, children critically considered future technology design for all. In this paper, we present three cases of this work: a study with students at a school in New Delhi and two studies with students at schools in Oulu. Our work showcases how to design for inclusion - by designing for all, and how to design inclusively - by inviting children to envision the future, through design futuring approaches.

Alessandro Pinto

Several sources of uncertainty have to be taken into account in the analysis and design of CPS. The set of parameters used in the model of the physical plant of a CPS may be uncertain due, for example, to manufacturing processes that are precise up to some bounded tolerance. Physical quantities are sensed by electronic components that add noise to the sensed signals. Abstraction of the physical world, which is often necessary to limit the complexity of the models used in analysis and at run-time in decision-making, leads to non-determinism. The cyber side of a CPS, which includes both hardware and software components, exposes several types of uncertainty such as failures, latency, and implementation errors. Design processes and tools allow engineers to minimize the impact of these types of uncertainty, and to deliver systems which can be operated with an acceptable level of risk. In the past several years, cyber-physical systems have evolved, primarily due to pervasive connectivity, miniaturization, cost-effectiveness of hardware, and advances in the area of Artificial Intelligence. This new class of applications features an environment that is much more complex to model than traditional physical systems due not only to their scale, but also to new sources and types of uncertainty. Consider, for example, the typical case of echo chambers which is attributed to the effect that machine learning algorithms have on the bias of people. Such behavior is not easily predictable because of high uncertainty in the environment (people), which is only approximately represented by machine learning models, but that is inherently due to lack of knowledge. New models and analysis methods are therefore needed to capture different types of uncertainties, and to analyze these new classes of systems.

Kay Sohini

Nick Sousanis is the author of Unflattening, one of the first doctoral dissertations to be drawn as a comic and subsequently published by Harvard University Press in 2015. Unflattening has arguably inspired a generation of dissertations that use comics as a medium, including my own “Drawing Unbelonging” (Sohini, forthcoming). In this interview, I talked to Nick about comics as scholarship, using visual metaphors, illustrative versus generative images, and what to read when struck by the dreaded creator’s block.

Haiyang Lin, Mingyu Yan, Duo Wang et al.

Previous graph analytics accelerators have achieved great improvement on throughput by alleviating irregular off-chip memory accesses. However, on-chip side datapath conflicts and design centralization have become the critical issues hindering further throughput improvement. In this paper, a general solution, Multiple-stage Decentralized Propagation network (MDP-network), is proposed to address these issues, inspired by the key idea of trading latency for throughput. Besides, a novel High throughput Graph analytics accelerator, HiGraph, is proposed by deploying MDP-network to address each issue in practice. The experiment shows that compared with state-of-the-art accelerator, HiGraph achieves up to 2.2x speedup (1.5x on average) as well as better scalability.

J. Schoenefeld

The European Green Deal (EGD) puts forward and engages with review mechanisms, such as the European Semester and policy monitoring, to ensure progress towards the long-term climate targets in a turbulent policy environment. Soft-governance mechanisms through policy monitoring have been long in the making, but their design, effects, and politics remain surprisingly under-researched. While some scholars have stressed their importance to climate governance, others have highlighted the difficulties in implementing robust policy monitoring systems, suggesting that they are neither self-implementing nor apolitical. This article advances knowledge on climate policy monitoring in the EU by proposing a new analytical framework to better understand past, present, and potential future policy monitoring efforts, especially in the context of the EGD. Drawing on Lasswell (1965), it unpacks the politics of policy monitoring by analysing who monitors, what, why, when, and with what effect(s). The article discusses each element of the framework with a view to three key climate policy monitoring efforts in the EU which are particularly relevant for the EGD, namely those emerging from the Energy Efficiency Directive, the Renewable Energy Directive, and the Monitoring Mechanism Regulation (now included in the Energy Union Governance Regulation), as well as related processes for illustration. Doing so reveals that the policy monitoring regimes were set up differently in each case, that definitions of the subject of monitoring (i.e., public policies) either differ or remain elusive, and that the corresponding political and policy impact of monitoring varies. The article concludes by reflecting on the implications of the findings for governing climate change by means of monitoring through the emerging EGD.

Maria Gebbels, I. Pantelidis, Steven Goss-Turner

Purpose: This paper aims to examine the interplay between self-efficacy and career inheritance and its influence on career commitment in the hospitality sector. High labour turnover, unclear career paths and the transient nature of the work available in hospitality render it a suitable industry context that allows us to explore career commitment patterns. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on life history methodology, semi-structured interviews were conducted with hospitality professionals holding a relevant degree but no longer employed in the hospitality industry. Findings: The findings revealed the interplay between self-efficacy, career inheritance and career commitment, as well as the speed of decline of career commitment, visualised as patterns of the leaving process. Although an infinite number of variations are possible, data unveiled the three main patterns. Research limitations/implications: The schematic illustrations of the patterns of the leaving process are not representative. The purposive sample comprises only ex-hospitality professionals, and generalisations can be considered in future studies. Practical implications: This newly conceptualised understanding of career commitment enables researchers to reconsider the fundamental reasons why individuals leave the hospitality industry, whilst also offering hospitality managers deeper insights into how the three identified patterns could inform recruitment and selection. Originality/value: This paper contributes to the literature through its meaningful theoretical extension in the context of career development studies. The unique concept of the leaving process addresses the prevalent issue of turnover and generates important implications.