Hasil untuk "Anthropology"

Sávio Luís Oliveira da Silva, Rafael Carvalho da Silva Mocarzel, Bruna Medeiros Neves

INTRODUÇÃO: A prática regular de atividade física é fundamental para a promoção da saúde, autonomia e qualidade de vida de pessoas com deficiência física. Entretanto, barreiras arquitetônicas ainda limitam o acesso e a permanência desse público em espaços destinados à prática de exercícios físicos, como academias de ginástica. OBJETIVO: Analisar as condições de acessibilidade arquitetônica para pessoas que utilizam cadeira de rodas em academias do município de Maricá, Rio de Janeiro. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo observacional, exploratório e transversal, realizado em 23 academias do município, por meio da aplicação de um checklist adaptado da NBR 9050. A análise dos dados foi de natureza descritiva, com apresentação de frequências e percentuais, complementada por análise qualitativa interpretativa. RESULTADOS: Os resultados indicaram que nenhuma das academias avaliadas apresentou acessibilidade arquitetônica plena. Observou-se ausência ou inadequação de rotas acessíveis, sinalização, mobiliário, equipamentos e sanitários adaptados, em desacordo com os parâmetros normativos vigentes. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que as academias investigadas apresentam importantes limitações estruturais, evidenciando a necessidade de adequações arquitetônicas e de ações sistemáticas de fiscalização para garantir o direito de acesso à prática de atividade física por pessoas que utilizam cadeira de rodas.

Nadia Boutaleb

Shevelev Sergey, Mikhaylov Pavel, Vorobeva Irina et al.

The work is based on materials from 15 sample plots laid out in mixed spruce stands of the Yenisei Ridge, with a relative completeness in the range of 1.62-1.27, belonging to the green moss group of forest types. Based on the data obtained, the features of changes in spruce species heights and their interdependence with other taxation characteristics were established. The results of data processing indicate the need to develop a set of taxation standards for the Yenisei Ridge region.

Yingying Xu, Qiying Yu, Chengshuai Liu et al.

Study region: Typical basin in humid areas in the Huaihe River Study focus: Accurate flood forecasting is essential for making timely decisions regarding flood control and disaster reduction. The theory of watershed runoff generation and convergence serves as a crucial foundation for flood forecasting, while the calculation of runoff is necessary to simulate flood discharge. Identifying watershed runoff generation mechanisms has been a challenging task, particularly under complex underlying surface conditions. To improve the accuracy of flood simulation, this study examines the underlying surface information in the watershed, such as particle composition and content, soil bulk density, geological slope, land use, and other spatial attributes, aiming to analyze the mechanisms of runoff generation. In the study of sub-watersheds, various combinations of runoff generation mechanisms are identified to determine the patterns of runoff. Subsequently, a semi-distributed hydrological model is developed, which incorporates both saturation-excess and infiltration-excess runoff, utilizing the information obtained from the underlying surface. The model is validated using rainfall-runoff data from 14 events at the Xiagushan watershed. New hydrological insights for the region: The analysis of the fundamental physical conditions of the underlying surface of the watershed revealed that 69.70% of the area is prone to saturation-excess runoff, with an additional 30.30% of the area being susceptible to infiltration-excess runoff. The model considers the spatial distribution of runoff patterns by incorporating complex underlying surface information and demonstrates high accuracy in simulating flood events (NSE= 0.87, Epeak = 12.08%, Wpeak = 13.16%, Tpeak = 0.14 h, R2 = 0.90). The model is straightforward, practical, and exhibits promising potential in terms of timeliness and applicability, thus lending itself well to further application in other watersheds, contributing to the scientific foundation of flood warning and forecasting efforts.

Szymon Krzewski, Mateusz Baranowski, Katarzyna Wzorek

Autoimmune Hypophysitis (AH) is often refereed in the literature as lymphocytic pituitary inflammation. It is the most common form of rare, chronic inflammation states affecting this gland. In most cases it has autoimmune character. Symptoms of pituitary inflammation are mostly headaches, dysfunction of anterior and/or posterior pituitary lobe and visual disturbances. Diagnostics is extremely difficult and inflammation itself is probably diagnosed too rare. Autoimmune Hypophysitis coexist with other autoimmune endocrinopathies. The golden standard in Autoimmune Hypophysitis diagnosis is biopsy and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also used. In relation to rare occurrence of the Autoimmune Hypophysitis, varied clinical picture and lack of standardized research on large group of patients there are no described standards of conduct with those patients.

I. S Liashenko

Purpose of the research is to study the originality of interpretation of death in the lyrics of Ukrainian diaspora in Canada in the context of the opposition "foreign land – motherland", based on its existential development in philosophical anthropology and culture of the last two centuries. Its implementation presupposes, first of all, analysis of the forms of development and disclosure of the death motif by figurative and artistic means. Theoretical basis. The author uses the well-founded tradition of interpreting the death motif in philosophical literature of the last centuries, i.e. non-classical and modern philosophical thought. Originality. The present study is an attempt at systematization of the notions of death in Ukrainian poetry in Canada in the second half of the 20th century. It is based on the study of artistic texts and the worldview of Ukrainian emigrants. Appeal to the fiction of the Ukrainian Diaspora allows illustrating the originality of philosophical understanding of death in the context of the national culture. Conclusions. Reference to Ukrainian-Canadian poetry allows expanding the space of philosophical understanding of death in the form of figurative fiction. Concretizing the character of their interpretation of the motif of death, it is necessary to focus attention on its two basic forms of manifestation: existential, associated with living abroad, and sacrificial death for the benefit of the homeland. Thus, the motif of death occupies a significant place in the lyrics of representatives of the Ukrainian diaspora. The concept of human death is closely connected with the concept of life, which is concretized through their meaningful comprehension. This is a matter of interpretation of despair and loneliness motifs, as well as the illumination of the images of a foreign land, which is one of the features of emigrant literature in general.

Han Xiao, Han Xiao, Xiaoqian Zhang et al.

Forest disturbance monitoring can provide scientific data for the decision making and management of nature reserves. LandTrendr algorithm has been applied to identify forest disturbances on a long-time scale through appropriate segmentation and linear fitting. In this study, 23 nature reserves were detected using LandTrendr during 1987–2020, and the vegetation loss was quantified by years and pixel numbers. The results illustrated that (1) most disturbances occurred in the 1990s and early 21st century. (2) From the spatial distribution of forest loss, the area of forest vegetation disturbance in the coastal zone was larger than the protected area in the internal Hainan Island, the area disturbed in the coastal zone protected area was 97.12 km2, and the area disturbed in the internal area of Hainan Island protected area was 63.02 km2. (3) In terms of different levels of nature reserves, the disturbed area of national nature reserves was 28.39 km2 and the total disturbed area of provincial nature reserves was 131.75 km2. (4) In terms of different types of nature reserves, forest ecological nature reserves had the largest disturbed area of 102.96 km2, followed by marine coastal nature reserves with a disturbed area of 36.99 km2, wildlife nature reserves with a disturbed area of 10.22 km2, and wild plant nature reserves with the smallest disturbed area of 9.96 km2. The results are hoped to provide scientific support and data for the management and planning of nature reserves in Hainan Island.

Guilherme Pereira Cocato, Douglas Vitto, Ricardo Lopes Fonseca

O presente artigo foi elaborado a partir de observações acerca das práticas de ensino de Geografia no Colégio Estadual Barão do Rio Branco e Colégio Estadual Vicente Rijo, em Londrina/PR, no ano de 2015. No contexto de uma sociedade globalizada, o objetivo é realizar reflexões epistemológicas acerca das influências dos ensinos tradicional e crítico nos ambientes da Geografia escolar, e a relação destas com a Geografia acadêmica. A metodologia de cunho qualitativo consistiu na participação dos pesquisadores na postura de “observador total” durante 11 dias, no ensino fundamental e médio, registrando em caderneta as metodologias e atividades propostas pelos professores. Os resultados foram representados por meio de um mapa conceitual e posteriormente analisados. E, enquanto proposta, esta pesquisa tem como ponto forte o debate sobre possíveis caminhos teórico-metodológicos a serem trilhados nas práticas educacionais geográficas, assim como os desafios para que docentes da área, em formação ou formados, se fortaleçam em sua atuação na rede escolar. A partir do destaque dado a estas questões, almeja-se alcançar uma Geografia plural para além do ambiente acadêmico – também na Geografia escolar – essencialmente por meio de uma formação abrangente e continuada.

Wei Lu, Xiaosheng Qin

Urban areas are becoming increasingly vulnerable to extreme storms and flash floods, which could be more damaging under climate change. This study presented an integrated framework for assessing climate change impact on extreme rainfall and urban drainage systems by incorporating a number of statistical and modelling techniques. Starting from synthetic future climate data generated by the stochastic weather generator, the simple scaling method and the Huff rainfall design were adopted for rainfall disaggregation and rainfall design. After having obtained 3-min level designed rainfall information, the urban hydrological model (i.e., Storm Water Management Model) was used to carry out the runoff analysis. A case study in a tropical city was used to demonstrate the proposed framework. Particularly, the impact of selecting different general circulation models and Huff distributions on future 1-h extreme rainfall and the performance of the urban drainage system were investigated. It was revealed that the proposed framework is flexible and easy to implement in generating temporally high-resolution rainfall data under climate model projections and offers a parsimonious way of assessing urban flood risks considering the uncertainty arising from climate change model projections, downscaling and rainfall design.

Dominic Vachon, Timon Langenegger, Daphne Donis et al.

Abstract Here, we investigate the importance of net CH4 production and emissions in the carbon (C) budget of a small productive lake by monitoring CH4, CO2, and O2 for two consecutive years. During the study period, the lake was mostly a net emitter of both CH4 and CO2, while showing positive net ecosystem production. The analyses suggest that during the whole study period, 32% ± 26% of C produced by net ecosystem production was ultimately converted to CH4 and emitted to the atmosphere. When converted to global warming potential, CH4 emission (in CO2 equivalents) was about 3–10 times higher than CO2 removal from in‐lake net ecosystem production over 100‐yr and 20‐yr time frames, respectively. Although more work in similar systems is needed to generalize these findings, our results provide evidence of the important greenhouse gas imbalance in human‐impacted aquatic systems.

Xuqiang Ji, Ting Wang, Qian Liu et al.

Abstract Renewable‐electricity‐driven N2 reduction is an attractive approach for ambient NH3 synthesis, but active electrocatalysts are needed to enable the N2 reduction reaction. Monolithic electrodes with active components anchored on conductive supports provide many advantages like structural stability, large surface area, and low electrical resistance. Here, a novel “oxidation‐etching” strategy is proposed to carve the surface of Cu foam into structures of particles, cubes, and sheets for N2 reduction electrocatalysis. The optimal catalyst achieves a Faradic efficiency as high as 18% at −0.35 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) and a large NH3 yield of 2.45 × 10−10 mol s−1 cm−1 at −0.40 V vs RHE in 0.1 M HCl. Notably, it also shows superior long‐term electrochemical durability, with the preservation of electro‐activity for at least 20 hours.

A. M. Liashenko, I. O. Dielova, T. O. Omelchenko

Мета дослідження – визначення часових характеристик виконання фаз старту: «стрибок» та «політ» під час старту плавцями високої кваліфікації в спортивному плаванні та швидкісному плаванні в ластах зі стартової тумби. Матеріали і методи. У педагогічному дослідженні прийняли участь 8 спортсменок спортивного плавання, 7 – плавання в біластах, 4 – плавання в моноластах. Плавці були високої кваліфікації: серед них три майстри спорту міжнародного класу, тринадцять майстрів спорту України та три кандидати в майстри спорту. У дослідженні реєструвалися наступні показники: час рухової реакції, горизонтальна швидкість польоту (на різних ділянках); прискорення в польоті (на різних ділянках). Результати. Різниця в горизонтальній швидкості на першій ділянці статистично не достовірна (p > 0,05). Спортсменки плавання в біластах показують більш високу швидкість на ділянках 2 та 4, на ділянці 3 вищу швидкість показують спортсменки плавання в моноластах (p < 0,001). Спорт­сменки плавання в біластах показують більш високі результати у прискорення в польоті на 1, 2 та 4 ділянках, на ділянці 3 більше прискорення показують спортсменки плавання в моноластах (p < 0,001). Висновки. Головними критеріями для проведення порівняльної характеристики техніки виконання стартів доцільно використовувати такі показники, як час рухової реакції, горизонтальна швидкість польоту, прискорення в польоті, показники траєкторії польоту. Визначено, що час рухової реакції в спортивному плаванні є найменший, а при плаванні в моноластах – найбільший. Найбільшу горизонтальну швидкість польоту спортсменки показують на 3 ділянці, найбільше прискорення на ділянці 2. Спортсменки плавання в моноластах показують найбільше прискорення на ділянці 3. Для вибору найбільш раціональної техніки виконання старту у плаванні в ластах може бути використана друга дискримінантна функція з акцентом на найбільш інформативні змінні.

Steven M. Alexander, Jennifer F. Provencher, Dominique A. Henri et al.

Abstract Background The incorporation of multiple types of knowledge (e.g., science, Indigenous knowledge, traditional ecological knowledge) is an important undertaking, which can strengthen the evidence-base for policy advice, decision making, and environmental management. While the benefits of incorporating multiple types of knowledge in environmental research and management are many, successfully doing so has remained a challenge. In response there has been a number of recent reviews that have sought to better understand the what and how, when it comes to bridging Indigenous and science-based knowledge. Yet there continues to be a need for methods, models, and approaches for integrative work. This systematic map seeks to examine the extent, range, and nature of the published literature (i.e., peer-reviewed and grey) that integrates and/or includes Indigenous and science-based knowledge in coastal-marine research, monitoring, or management in Canada. Results from this study can be used to inform new and ongoing research and monitoring efforts and highlight evidence gaps. Methods The systematic map will aim to capture all available studies relevant to the question found in the peer-reviewed and grey literature. Accordingly, the search will leverage four databases focused on peer reviewed publications, carefully selected specialist websites, and two web-based search engines. Reference sections of relevant review articles will also be cross-checked to identify articles that were not found using the search strategy. All searches will be conducted in English. Search results will be reviewed in two stages: (1) title and abstract; and (2) full text. All screening decisions will be included in the database. The systematic map will employ a narrative synthesis approach that will include the use of descriptive statistics, tables (including SM database), and figures (including map with the studies geospatially referenced). In addition, an online version of the map and queryable database will be developed similar to other knowledge mobilization tools.

Wesley Van Wychen, Paris W. Vachon, John Wolfe et al.

Using a case study approach, the utility of synergistic RADARSAT-2 (R2) and Sentinel-1 (S1) synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery is demonstrated for ocean feature signature analysis in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream. The R2 and S1 images considered are either spatially adjacent or spatially overlapping, and were quasi-simultaneously collected (i.e., within minutes of each other). Spatially adjacent R2 and S1 imagery allows ocean feature signatures to be delineated over large spatial areas, while spatially overlapping R2 and S1 imagery collected within short time intervals provides independent ‘looks’ at the same ocean features. This permits determination of the surface displacement of features, potentially leading to improved classification of the origin of ocean feature signatures (quasi-stationary features are likely related to sea surface temperature fronts, while mobile features are likely related to atmospheric conditions). Further, we demonstrate how the use of S1 Level-2 products (i.e. radial velocity datasets) can be leveraged as contextual data to improve the interpretation and classification of ocean feature signatures extracted from R2 imagery. Despite the straight-forward approach taken here, this work demonstrates that there are practical, real-world applications that would benefit from exploiting these on-going imaging opportunities in operational environments.

Navaseltsau Uladzimir, Navaseltsava Dzina, Khaletski Vitali

The construction industry is an important segment of the national economy of the Republic of Belarus. In recent years, strict environmental safety requirements have been imposed on the quality of housing being built. The carbon dioxide content in the classrooms’ air of the university as model objects was investigated by the authors. It has been shown that the content of this pollutant can exceed 2,000 ppm. The use of mechanical ventilation systems, especially with heat recovery, allows to solve the problem of poor air quality in residential premises. However, for the successful functioning of ventilation systems, systematic training of the inhabitants and the implementation of educational programs are required.

Fabrícia Durieux Zucco, Melise de Lima Pereira, Pablo Flôres Limberger et al.

Com os avanços tecnológicos, as imagens postadas nas redes sociais de fotografia (Instagram) são utilizadas como ferramentas de avaliação pelos turistas, desta forma, o gerenciamento destas ferramentas são essenciais para os destinos turísticos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar a imagem do destino turístico Salvador, Bahia, Brasil, a partir das publicações de uma rede social de fotografia, o Instagram. O presente trabalho analisou 400 imagens marcadas no Instagram com a hashtag #salvador, sendo que para a categorização das imagens coletadas foram utilizadas as dimensões da imagem cognitiva e motivacionais de Baloglu e Mccleary (1999). A pesquisa é exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada, de forma aleatória, na rede social Instagram, por meio do software Seekr Monitor, uma ferramenta para monitoramento e gestão das mídias sociais. Por meio de análise de regressão linear múltipla, identificou-se a existência de relações causais positivas e negativas entre as dimensões da imagem e motivacionais do destino turístico e o número de curtidas por seguidor no Instagram. Os resultados indicam que as Destination Management Organization (DMOs) de Salvador (BA) devem direcionar seus esforços promocionais nas redes sociais virtuais, envolvendo a formação da imagem de valor ao ambiente, em vez de comercializar o destino por meio dos apelos motivacionais do prestígio.

Chang Suk Lee, Kyung-Soo Han, Jong-Min Yeom et al.

The surface albedo is an essential climate variable that is considered in many applications used for predicting climate and understanding the mechanisms of climate change. In this study, surface albedo was estimated using a bidirectional reflectance distribution function model based on Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite/Meteorological Imager data. Geostationary orbiting satellite data are suitable for a level 2 product like albedo, which requires a synthetic process to estimate. The authors modified established methods to consider the geometry of the solar-surface-sensor of COMS/MI. Of note, the viewing zenith angle term was removed from the kernel integration used for estimating spectral albedo. Finally, the spectral (narrow) albedo was converted into the broadband albedo with shortwave length (approximately 0.3–2.5 μm). This study determined conversion coefficients using only one spectral albedo of visible channel. The estimated albedo had a relatively high correlation with Satellite Pour l’Observation de la Terre/Vegetation and low unweighted error values specific for land types or times. The validation results show that estimated albedo has a root mean square error of 0.0134 at Jeju flux site that indicates accuracy similar to that of other satellite-based products.

Norbert Hüsers, Jochen Großmann, Holger Weiß et al.

Sergio Daniel López

Se puede afirmar que el estado mexicano de Chiapas es uno de los lugares más privilegiados, ricos y diversos para estudiar desde la disciplina antropológica el poder social. La variedad de culturas y lenguas encontradas dentro de fronteras comunes; las disputas centenarias sobre la legislación de las tierras; la mezcla de los modelos políticos occidentales que chocan o conviven con las organizaciones ejidales o los sistemas de cargos tradicionales; las revoluciones campesinas, la lucha por los derechos indígenas y el establecimiento de comunidades autónomas; el abuso, la corrupción y la apropiación del espacio político; la competencia religiosa por el liderazgo espiritual serían sólo algunos ejemplos de las temáticas que sirven como objeto de estudio disciplinar en esta fascinante región.

Constantino Contreras, Eduardo Barraza

Este artículo está centrado en el estudio de un conjunto de cuentos «de adivinanzas» recopilados de la tradición oral de Osorno (sur de Chile). El análisis comprende dos aspectos: a) la estructura narrativa, en sincronía, y b) su filiación, basada en relaciones intertextuales, en diacronía. Más adelante se presenta el corpus de cuentos folklóricos estudiados y las correspondientes notas lingüísticas aclaratorias de algunas formas dialectales.