Hasil untuk "Industrial hygiene. Industrial welfare"

Guilherme Crepaldi da Silva, Daniela Tonús

As alterações no desenvolvimento são uma questão recorrente na saúde infantil, tornando-se objeto da clínica profissional da Terapia Ocupacional, por meio de intervenções centradas no cliente e na ocupação humana. O objetivo do estudo foi descrever os escores normativos do Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade registrados em prontuários de crianças atendidas em um ambulatório universitário e analisar, de forma exploratória, como esses resultados podem subsidiar o raciocínio clínico do terapeuta ocupacional. Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, baseado em levantamento documental descritivo e exploratório, por meio da análise retrospectiva de prontuários clínicos de crianças avaliadas no serviço com o Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade. A amostra foi composta por seis crianças, predominantemente do sexo feminino e com idade média de cinco anos. Os escores normativos indicam atraso em 66,7 % das crianças nas atividades de autocuidado, em 50 % na mobilidade e em 33,3 % na função social. Os escores registrados permitem caracterizar o perfil funcional das crianças atendidas e apoiar reflexões sobre o raciocínio clínico em Terapia Ocupacional pediátrica. Embora os resultados não permitam generalizações, assinalam o potencial do Inventário de Avaliação Pediátrica de Incapacidade como ferramenta de apoio à compreensão das demandas funcionais no contexto ambulatorial.

James G. H. Parkin, Lareb S. N. Dean, Joseph A. Bell et al.

Abstract Background Airborne fine particulate matter with diameter < 2.5 μm (PM2.5), can reach the alveolar regions of the lungs, and is associated with over 4 million premature deaths per year worldwide. However, the source-specific consequences of PM2.5 exposure remain poorly understood. A major, but unregulated source is car brake wear, which exhaust emission reduction measures have not diminished. Methods We used an interdisciplinary approach to investigate the consequences of brake-wear PM2.5 exposure upon lung alveolar cellular homeostasis using diesel exhaust PM as a comparator. This involved RNA-Seq to analyse global transcriptomic changes, metabolic analyses to investigate glycolytic reprogramming, mass spectrometry to determine PM composition, and reporter assays to provide mechanistic insight into differential effects. Results We identified brake-wear PM from copper-enriched non-asbestos organic, and ceramic brake pads as inducing the greatest oxidative stress, inflammation, and pseudohypoxic HIF activation (a pathway implicated in diseases associated with air pollution exposure, including cancer, and pulmonary fibrosis), as well as perturbation of metabolism, and metal homeostasis compared with brake wear PM from low- or semi-metallic pads, and also, importantly, diesel exhaust PM. Compositional and metal chelator analyses identified that differential effects were driven by copper. Conclusions We demonstrate here that brake-wear PM may perturb cellular homeostasis more than diesel exhaust PM. Our findings demonstrate the potential differences in effects, not only for non-exhaust vs exhaust PM, but also amongst different sources of non-exhaust PM. This has implications for our understanding of the potential health effects of road vehicle-associated PM. More broadly, our findings illustrate the importance of PM composition on potential health effects, highlighting the need for targeted legislation to protect public health.

F. Mata, J. Araújo, J. Araújo et al.

<p>The objective of the current study was to adjust a growing curve to suckling piglets as a function of the hierarchical position achieved and of mammary gland allocation (anterior, medium, or posterior) for the investigation of, eventually, different growing patterns. For this purpose, 280 piglets from 20 sows (14 per sow) were weighed and observed from birth to weaning. The birth weight of piglets in the three groups was found to be significantly different (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i><i>&lt;</i>0.05</span>), with heavier piglets gaining access to the more productive anterior teats. The quadratic curve was found to be the best fit to model piglets' growth up to weaning. Higher hierarchical positions chose the most productive mammary glands in decreasing order: the anterior, medium, and posterior areas of the venter of the sow. Piglets in the different teat-suckling groups (anterior, medium, and posterior) studied have significantly different growing patterns. The anterior-teat-suckling piglets' growth curve can be differentiated almost immediately from the beginning and up to weaning from the medium- and the posterior-teat-suckling groups. These last two teat-suckling groups (medium and posterior) can be differentiated from day 20 and up to weaning. At weaning (28 d), the three distinct groups have significantly different weights (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i><i>&lt;</i>0.001</span>). Piglets' birth weights correlate positively with a higher hierarchy. A higher hierarchy results in heavier weaning once the piglets gain access to the more productive teats. The number of functional teats in relation to larger litter sizes needs attention from pig breeders to mitigate welfare issues while maintaining reproductive performance.</p>

Gregorio Enrique Puello Socarrás, Claudia Yolima Acosta Bejarano , Adriana Milena Camacho Caro et al.

Introducción: Dentro de las actividades del semillero de Seguridad y Salud en el Trabajo Informal (SST-IN) durante el año 2022 en la ciudad de Bogotá se trabajó sobre una iniciativa de investigación inspirada en las experiencias del semillero en su búsqueda de entendimiento de factores que contribuyan al trabajo digno en el contexto de informalidad laboral. Objetivo: Determinar las condiciones de trabajo de una muestra de bicidomiciliarios que trabajan con plataformas digitales de la ciudad de Bogotá, en el año 2022. Métodos: En esta investigación se utilizó la metodología de estudio de caso obteniendo datos con diversos instrumentos como entrevistas, observaciones, revisión de la literatura, enfocado en factores de riesgo, peligros, enfermedades y accidentes o incidentes a los que se exponen los trabajadores, se evaluaron los resultados de las condiciones subestándar que se han presentado en los bicidomiciliarios, con base en la matriz descrita por la Guía Técnica Colombiana GTC45, con alcance y propuestas de mejora a corto plazo para este grupo de trabajadores informales. Resultados: Se identificaron en los trabajadores de plataformas digitales diferentes riesgos a los cuales están expuestos durante su jornada laboral basadas en la GTC45 y a las condiciones que se enfrentan día a día, además de describir variables sociodemográficas y aspectos de percepción del riesgo. Conclusión: Los aspectos insatisfactorios se refirieron a los medios y condiciones de trabajo como el clima, el uso inadecuado de los elementos de protección personal y la falta de capacitación Introduction: Among the activities of the Safety and Health in Informal Work (SST-IN) seedbed during the year 2022 in the city of Bogota, a research initiative inspired by the experiences of the seedbed in its search for understanding factors that contribute to decent work in the context of labor informality was worked on. Objective: To determine the working conditions of a sample of bicycle workers who work with digital platforms in the city of Bogota, in the year 2022. Methods: In this research, the case study methodology was used, obtaining data with various instruments such as interviews, observations, literature review, focused on risk factors, hazards, diseases and accidents or incidents to which workers are exposed, evaluating results of sub-standard conditions that have occurred to the delivery bike workers, based on the matrix described by the Colombian Technical Guide GTC45, with scope and proposals for improvement in the short term for this group of informal workers. Results: Different risks to which digital platform workers are exposed to during their workday were identified based on the GTC45, and the conditions they face on a daily basis; in addition, sociodemographic variables and aspects of perception were described. Conclusion: The unsatisfactory aspects referred to work environments and conditions such as climate, inadequate use of personal protection elements and lack of training

Charisma Agustin, Endang Dwiyanti

Introduction: Sugar Factory (PG) Ngadiredjo is one of the manufacturing industry sectors where there are various stages of the production to process sugarcane into white crystal sugar. One of the risks of accidents in each production process is due to worker behavior. This study aims to analyze the strength of the correlation between awareness, motivation, and perception with safe behavior in engineering and processing section workers at PG Ngadiredjo Kediri. Methods: This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional approach. The sample of this study was 80 workers who were determined using the total population technique. Data collection techniques used questionnaires and safe behavior observations. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively using cross-tabulation and the Spearman correlation statistical test to determine the strength of the correlation between independent and dependent variables. Results: The results showed that most workers aged ≥ 36 years (42.5%), had a good level of awareness, good motivation, and fair perceptions. In addition, the results showed a strong correlation between awareness and perception with safe behavior and a very strong correlation between motivation and safe behavior. Conclusion: Based on the research results, there is a strong correlation between awareness and perception with safe behavior and a very strong correlation between motivation and safe behavior. The level of awareness, motivation, and perceptions of a worker will directly influence the level of his safe behavior.

Amanda Wechsler, Ana Cristina Zordan Rani-Yonamine

The COVID-19 pandemic can produce considerable impacts on the mental health of healthcare professionals, as they face several stressors at work. Purpose: This study aims to assess Brazilian healthcare professionals’ mental health and quality of life. Method: participants were divided into four groups according to their occupational fields: administrative(n=129), emergency (n=39), primary care (n=257) and specialties (n=51). Participants completed a sociodemographic questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire. Data analysis: Data were analyzed with Variance Analysis, Chi-square, and linear and logistic regressions. Results: Results showed that health providers have an average quality of life but presented high rates of mental disorders, especially those working in emergency and primary care. Some risk factors, such as demographic (gender, age, educational attainment, marital status), lifestyle (physical activity, diet, religion, social support, leisure), and labor (job satisfaction, job congruence, presence of deaths at work) were observed. Conclusions: This research shows the importance of designing specific psychological interventions for this population, which seems to be at risk for more severe mental conditions.

Dayinta Annisa Syaiful, Endang Dwiyanti

Introduction: Phosphoric acid companies have risks that can lead to work accidents. There are several factors that influence the occurrence of work accidents, one of which is organizational and management factors. Leadership style is a factor in the work safety climate which leads to work accidents and work productivity. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between leadership style and work safety climate in the Phosphoric Acid Plant at Phosphoric Acid Industry. Methods: The type of this research is descriptive quantitative research and through a cross-sectional approach to 44 workers at the Phosphoric Acid Plant. The variables of this study including safety leadership style and work safety climate. The data collection method used was secondary data obtained from the company’s annual data and as well as the primary data using the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire and the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire. Each variable dimension was analyzed using the Spearman correlation method. Results: The results indicate that most workers, 47.7%, have both very high consideration and high initiating structure leadership style level. There is a relationship between leadership style and work safety climate with a correlation coefficient of 0.787 and shows a strong positive correlation. Conclusion: There is a strong positive relationship between leadership style and safety climate.

Motoki Hojo, Ai Maeno, Yoshimitsu Sakamoto et al.

Abstract Background A mounting number of studies have been documenting the carcinogenic potential of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs); however, only a few studies have evaluated the pulmonary carcinogenicity of MWCNTs in vivo. A 2-year inhalation study demonstrated that MWNT-7, a widely used MWCNT, was a pulmonary carcinogen in rats. In another 2-year study, rats administered MWNT-7 by intratracheal instillation at the beginning of the experimental period developed pleural mesotheliomas but not lung tumors. To obtain data more comparable with rats exposed to MWNT-7 by inhalation, we administered MWNT-7 to F344 rats by intratracheal instillation once every 4-weeks over the course of 2 years at 0, 0.125, and 0.5 mg/kg body weight, allowing lung burdens of MWNT-7 to increase over the entire experimental period, similar to the inhalation study. Results Absolute and relative lung weights were significantly elevated in both MWNT-7-treated groups. Dose- and time-dependent toxic effects in the lung and pleura, such as inflammatory, fibrotic, and hyperplastic lesions, were found in both treated groups. The incidences of lung carcinomas, lung adenomas, and pleural mesotheliomas were significantly increased in the high-dose group compared with the control group. The pleural mesotheliomas developed mainly at the mediastinum. No MWNT-7-related neoplastic lesions were noted in the other organs. Cytological and biochemical parameters of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were elevated in both treated groups. The lung burden of MWNT-7 was dose- and time-dependent, and at the terminal necropsy, the average value was 0.9 and 3.6 mg/lung in the low-dose and high-dose groups, respectively. The number of fibers in the pleural cavity was also dose- and time-dependent. Conclusions Repeated administration of MWNT-7 by intratracheal instillation over the 2 years indicates that MWNT-7 is carcinogenic to both the lung and pleura of rats, which differs from the results of the 2 carcinogenicity tests by inhalation or intratracheal instillation.

Patrick McGuinn, Conor Buggy, Anne Drummond et al.

Background: Workers who are exposed to high levels of noise should consider wearing HPDs when elimination of noise cannot be put in place. There are several factors including health and safety management systems, peers and policy that could influence workers to either use or not use HPDs. Objectives: To determine worker’s perception of noise risk in a mining setting and to determine if there is an association between organisational rules, knowledge, and the wearing of Hearing Protection Devices (HPDs). Methods: A cross- sectional study was conducted at a mining setting in Ireland in which 116 workers participated; a self-administered questionnaire survey was used. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and binary regression analysis. Results: The study had a response rate of 94% of the entire population. The mean exposure to noise levels that require HPDs is 5.32 hours. The results showed an association between using HPDs and organisation rules; and no association between preventing abnormal hearing, perceived influences in the workplace, knowledge and information. Conclusion: Factors that can influence workers likelihood to wear HPDs are organisation rules; this is unaffected by the influence of colleagues. Each company should have a clear policy to encourage workers to wear HPDs for preventing Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL). Application: The findings highlighted that a company’s health and safety policy is important to encourage employees to wear HPDs. Mine settings or noisy workplaces should have transparent policies for employees to follow and benefit their hearing health, even if an employee is not aware of the full content of a policy, aspects are known.

Damian Alexander Baena Leal, Paola Alejandra Rojas Pulido, Nohora Stella Díaz Cubillos et al.

Los cuidados paliativos buscan impactar en el bienestar de las personas que cursan una condición de salud crónico-degenerativa u otras que acorten su esperanza de vida. Considerando la escasez de terapeutas ocupacionales con formación en esta especialidad en Colombia y otros países, este artículo presenta reflexiones sobre los significados y retos que planteó a dos estudiantes de pregrado en Terapia Ocupacional y sus docentes, su experiencia en una práctica formativa en cuidados paliativos con personas adultas y adultas mayores hospitalizadas. Enlazando la subjetividad de cada estudiante con este contexto surgieron cinco ejes alrededor de los cuales se desarrolla el texto: relación terapéutica; ocupación significativa y espiritualidad; fatiga por compasión; reflexiones éticas, y formación profesional. Se concluye que en la formación de terapeutas ocupacionales es necesario implementar estrategias pedagógicas que enriquezcan el hacer humanizado, ético, crítico y centrado en la persona.

Bian Shabri Putri Irwanto

Introduction: Work exhaustion defined as a tired feeling felt by workers with different symptoms in each individual. In this study work fatigue was divided into two types, namely physical work fatigue and mental work fatigue. This study aims to determine risk factors of physical and mental fatigue on utility unit PT. Trans Pacific Petrochemical Indotama (TPPI) which produces petroleum or gas, as well as the chemical BTX. Methods: This research was an observational study with a cross-sectional method. Based on the problem characteristic and data analysis, this study belongs to analytical research. Data were collected by interview, questionnaires, measurement, and observations. The population is 36 workers and the sample size of this study is 33 respondents from utility unit workers. The sampling technique used simple random sampling. The variables in this study were age, years of service, work duration, workload, heat stress index, responsibility, and support from company’s head. Results: Showed that factors associated with physical and mental fatigue are the age, workloads, work duration, and heat stress index. Conclusion: Physical fatigue and mental fatigue had correlation with age, workloads, work time, and heat stress index. The higher age, workload, work duration, and heat stress index, it will increasingly cause physical and mental fatigue faster and harder. Keywords: fatigue risk factors, mental fatigue work, physical fatigue work

Ratih Damayanti, Fadilatus Sukma Ika Noviarmi, Erwin Dyah Nawawinetu et al.

Introduction: As the other worker, librarian could be got occupational stress because of their duties. However, the duties of librarians and library staff seem trivial and monotonous to the general public. Precisely because it looks trivial and monotonous, research needs to be done related to work stress experienced by librarians and library staff.  Aim of this study were to assessed the work stress experienced by librarians and library staff also analyze work stress related factors among librarians and library staff. Methods: In this observational analytic research that has cross sectional designed, occupational stress level was measured by HSE questionnaire and role conflict, carrier development and responsibility to person in organization were calculated by questionnaire in Manpower Minister Decree number 5 2018. Results: Most of the librarian and library staff experienced moderate level of occupational stress. Analysis of chi-square results proved that role conflicts and carrier development significantly related to occupational stress that was experienced by librarian and library staff in Airlangga University. On the other hand, the other variables of socio-demographic and responsibility to person in organization have no significant relationship. Conclusion: Almost all levels of work stress on librarians and library staff are middle to high level with factors related to role conflict and career development. Keywords: Indonesia, librarian, occupational stress, university

Ulfa Hikmayanti

Sawmill industry processes log into sawmill and also results wood dust as by-product . Dust can be potentially inhaled by workers and cause impaired lung function. In addition, several other factors can effect lung function such as age, body mass index status, smoking habit and using respiratory protective equipment habits. The purpose of this study was to describe lung function on workers in sawmill industry and the determinant factors. This research was an observational type with descriptive method. This study used total population with 36 workers. The data were obtained from interview, dust measurement, body mass index measurement and lung function test, meanwhile the instruments were questionnaire, high volume dust sampler (hvds), microtoise, weight scale and spirometer. This data were analyzed by cross tabulation. The results of this study showed that the time weighted average concentration in UD. Sinar Abadi was 1.59 mg/m3, meanwhile spirometry test showed 42.8% had normal lung function and 52.8% had impaired lung function. Workers who had impaired lung function were 64.7% exposed to doses >5mg/m3.tahun, 60% were >44 years old, 100% were obese, 69.9% were smoker and 76.5% never used respiratory protective equipment. The time weighted average concentration was above from threshold limit value and most of the workers had impaired lung function. Workers with impaired lung function are more likely to be exposed to dose >5mg/m3.years, older, obese, smoker, and didn’t use respiratory protective equipment. Keywords: determinant factors, lung function, wood dust

Alicia Sanchez, Julio L. Alvarez, Kateryna Demydenko et al.

Abstract Background Silica nanoparticles (SiNPs) have numerous beneficial properties and are extensively used in cosmetics and food industries as anti-caking, densifying and hydrophobic agents. However, the increasing exposure levels experienced by the general population and the ability of SiNPs to penetrate cells and tissues have raised concerns about possible toxic effects of this material. Although SiNPs are known to affect the function of the airway epithelium, the molecular targets of these particles remain largely unknown. Given that SiNPs interact with the plasma membrane of epithelial cells we hypothesized that they may affect the function of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), a cation-permeable channel that regulates epithelial barrier function. The main aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of SiNPs on the activation of TRPV4 and to determine whether these alter the positive modulatory action of this channel on the ciliary beat frequency in airway epithelial cells. Results Using fluorometric measurements of intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) we found that SiNPs inhibit activation of TRPV4 by the synthetic agonist GSK1016790A in cultured human airway epithelial cells 16HBE and in primary cultured mouse tracheobronchial epithelial cells. Inhibition of TRPV4 by SiNPs was confirmed in intracellular Ca2+ imaging and whole-cell patch-clamp experiments performed in HEK293T cells over-expressing this channel. In addition to these effects, SiNPs were found to induce a significant increase in basal [Ca2+]i, but in a TRPV4-independent manner. SiNPs enhanced the activation of the capsaicin receptor TRPV1, demonstrating that these particles have a specific inhibitory action on TRPV4 activation. Finally, we found that SiNPs abrogate the increase in ciliary beat frequency induced by TRPV4 activation in mouse airway epithelial cells. Conclusions Our results show that SiNPs inhibit TRPV4 activation, and that this effect may impair the positive modulatory action of the stimulation of this channel on the ciliary function in airway epithelial cells. These findings unveil the cation channel TRPV4 as a primary molecular target of SiNPs.

Johana Mogollón Cárdenas

Esta investigación busca enriquecer la comprensión de los procesos de construcción de sentidos y significados de las ocupaciones en un grupo de mujeres del Cabildo Indígena Muisca de Suba. Este cabildo ofreció la oportunidad de evidenciar dicha construcción, teniendo en cuenta la influencia de las diferentes dinámicas que ha vivido. Se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a nueve mujeres del cabildo con el fin de establecer las transformaciones en la asignación de sentido y significado a las ocupaciones que realizaron en la infancia, la adultez y a las que realizan actualmente; buscando además comprender la influencia de variables contextuales, el género y la vinculación al cabildo en tal asignación. Se evidenció que las ocupaciones de las mujeres que tienen apellidos muiscas (cabildantes) tienen mayor sentido que significado, mientras que las de quienes están casadas con un hombre cabildante (adoptadas) tienen mayor significado. La participación se convierte en una ocupa- ción valorada a través de la cual las mujeres se empoderan dentro de la comunidad indígena. Las variables contextuales influyen en la asignación de sentido y significado en ambos grupos, aunque de manera particular.

Aleida Fernández Moreno, María Angélica Acosta

In this article we analyze disability as a form of oppression. The article begins with a trace the origins of key disability tightness with Barnes (1998), for whom the cultural oppression of the “people with impairments”3 can be traced back to the very birth of Western society to the ideal of “able-bodied”. In point of Oppression and Exclusion, World Disability Report (WHO & WB, 2011) was taken, these people “are forced to depend on others and are isolated from the general social, cultural and political opportunities” (p. 298). Continues with the conceptualiza- tion of oppression in Young, who states oppression as a plural concept with five categories: exploitation, marginalization, power- lessness, cultural imperialism and violence. Then in the social movements of the 60s and 70s shows a struggle to break the bonds that link them to situations of oppression and exclusion and subsequently the International Convention on the Human Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UN, 2006) was taken, ensuring that States Parties which have ratified, promote and protect the rights of PWDs, and by this means the end of the article with the quest for Social Justice, the key to recognition is proposed.

A. Hamilton, I. Selikoff

G. Benson, G. Boyce, D. Haile

H. Seim, J. E. Dickeson

J. C. Soet