Hasil untuk "English literature"

Susan A. Bonis

Praveen Srinivasa Varadhan, Srija Anand, Soma Siddhartha et al.

What happens when an English Fairytaler is fine-tuned on Indian languages? We evaluate how the English F5-TTS model adapts to 11 Indian languages, measuring polyglot fluency, voice-cloning, style-cloning, and code-mixing. We compare: (i) training from scratch, (ii) fine-tuning English F5 on Indian data, and (iii) fine-tuning on both Indian and English data to prevent forgetting. Fine-tuning with only Indian data proves most effective and the resultant IN-F5 is a near-human polyglot; that enables speakers of one language (e.g., Odia) to fluently speak in another (e.g., Hindi). Our results show English pretraining aids low-resource TTS in reaching human parity. To aid progress in other low-resource languages, we study data-constrained setups and arrive at a compute optimal strategy. Finally, we show IN-F5 can synthesize unseen languages like Bhojpuri and Tulu using a human-in-the-loop approach for zero-resource TTS via synthetic data generation.

Kazi Reyazul Hasan, Mubasshira Musarrat, A. B. M. Alim Al Islam et al.

Large language models work well for technical problem solving in English but perform poorly when the same questions are asked in Bangla. A simple solution would be to translate Bangla questions into English first and then use these models. However, existing Bangla-English translation systems struggle with technical terms. They often mistranslate specialized vocabulary, which changes the meaning of the problem and leads to wrong answers. We present BanglaSTEM, a dataset of 5,000 carefully selected Bangla-English sentence pairs from STEM fields including computer science, mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology. We generated over 12,000 translations using language models and then used human evaluators to select the highest quality pairs that preserve technical terminology correctly. We train a T5-based translation model on BanglaSTEM and test it on two tasks: generating code and solving math problems. Our results show significant improvements in translation accuracy for technical content, making it easier for Bangla speakers to use English-focused language models effectively. Both the BanglaSTEM dataset and the trained translation model are publicly released at https://huggingface.co/reyazul/BanglaSTEM-T5.

Farhad Jahangiri, Abolfazl Danaei, Mahsa Akbari et al.

<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">The purpose of this research is to design a model of the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain in critical situations. In the qualitative phase of the current research, the data were collected from a purposive sample of 10 experts. Given the limited number of qualified individuals, the entire population of experts was included in the study. In the quantitative phase, the target population comprised 500 employees of MAPNA Company. Using Cohen's table for sample size determination, a sample of 189 participants was selected. This research employs a fundamental-applied approach and follows an exploratory mixed-methods design, integrating both qualitative and quantitative data. The data collection method was based on survey research and the data collection instuments included interviews and questionnaires, the content validity of which was confirmed by experts, and their reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha coefficient. In the qualitative part of the study, meta-composite method and foundation data were used, through which 118 open codes, 43 central codes and 13 selective codes have been extracted in five general categories: causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. Causal conditions include 2 selected codes, 8 concepts and 21 open codes, contextual conditions include 3 selected codes, 10 concepts and 25 open codes, intervening conditions include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts and 21 open codes, strategies include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts and 19 open codes, and consequences include 4 selected codes, 11 concepts and 32 open codes, which are the components of the paradigm model regarding the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain in critical conditions. Based on the output of the structural equations of the initial research model, its validity has been confirmed and the prioritization of the components of the mentioned model has been determined by a radar diagram of the research model. In this regard, technology risk tolerance was ranked first, liquidity cycle was ranked second, and collaboration and outsourcing were ranked third.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Key Words:</strong> resilient supply chain, digital supply chain, social media</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>1.Introduction</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Social media has dramatically changed the way organizations interact and communicate with customers. Digital media and the provision of cheap access to social networks have brought many opportunities and achievements for businesses. Undoubtedly, with reducing the cost of accessing audiences and customers, increasing the speed, accuracy and quality of communication, providing the possibility of more accurate measurement of the effectiveness of activities, the possibility of better and more effective management of crises, and in general, increasing the power of businesses in the fields of work, providing opportunities for taking ownership of a media can be very useful and effective in the success of today's organizations and businesses, and without a doubt, social networks and similar channels have provided them with a variety of tools, applications, and developers in order to advance the supply of various tools. Considering the significant impact that social media has on life and business processes in the third millennium and the rapid and impressive developments of information and communication technology in recent decades, significant and in some cases fundamental changes have been made in various relationships of today's societies.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>2.Literature Review</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">In today's world, changes in the economy and industry are happening at a faster rate than in the past. Due to globalization, countries are ingreasingly experiencing heightened levels of competition. Given the importance of supply chains and their effective management in creating competitive advantages, it is often said that competition between organizations has been replaced by the competition between supply chains. As a result, organizations are trying to improve their supply chain management to gain sustainable competitive advantages (Lee et al., 2018). Achieving this requires a fundamental transformation within the organization. Given the importance of conducting this research, coupled with the instability of conditions and significant changes in work processes, it is necessary for organizations to adapt the scope of their supply chain so that they can develop optimal strategies to stay at the top of the competition in volatile conditions.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Therefore, it is necessary for them to maintain their resilience in the mentioned conditions and be equipped with working methods suitable for the age of technology and new technologies (Singh et al., 2017). In other words, considering the significant impact that social media has on the processes of life and business in the third millennium and the rapid and impressive developments of information and communication technology in recent decades, there have been significant and in some cases fundamental changes in various relationships of today's societies (Labafi, 2018); Organizations and their communications have changed and the demands and expectations of customers have undergone many changes. Knowing the fact that the use of digital technologies in processes creates competitive advantages for businesses and organizations (Samizadeh, 2020), we can conclude that the implementation and use of the digital supply chain is undoubtedly a significant option for organizations and businesses. This work aimed to minimize financial and time costs while enhancing productivity in the production process until the final delivery of goods and services to customers (Azer &amp; Khorrami, 2021). By comparing the key features of the digital supply chain with the traditional supply chain, it can be seen that the results of the presence of digital technologies in the supply chain processes for organizations and businesses will be brilliant and efficient beyond imagination (Mehrabi, 2016). The smallest disruption in the process of a supply chain can be likened to a fault. A fault whose gap and depth can increase moment by moment (Manogran et al., 2018).</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>3.Methodology</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">In the present study, the researcher sought to provide a model for the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain in critical conditions. In this research, the metacomposite method has been used to present the model. In the qualitative part of the study 10 experts participated through the whole number selection, and the quantitative part included 500 employees of MAPNA company, based on Cohen's sample size table. The investigation began with an extensive review of the related existing literature (referring to documents and five non-Iranian databases of ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Emerald, and three Iranian databases CIVILICA, Magiran and SID). The total number of articles found considering the input criteria was 163 studies (Persian and English). After reviewing all the studies and evaluiating them based on content criteria and accessibility, the final results were extracted from 19 studies (14 English studies and 5 Persian studies) which were reviewed and analyzed. Then, in order to confirm the extracted factors, an interview was arranged with the relevant experts (including experts and specialists of the digital supply chain and social media and top managers of MAPNA Company) and the importance coefficient of each factor was determined.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>4.Result</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">According to the results, 118open codes, 43 central codes and 13 selective codes were extracted. Thirteen selective codes of the study were placed in five general categories including causal conditions, contextual conditions, intervening conditions, strategies and consequences. Causal conditions include 2 selected codes, 8 concepts and 21 open codes, contextual conditions include 3 selected codes, 10 concepts and 25 open codes, intervening conditions include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts and 21 open codes, strategies include 2 selected codes, 7 concepts and 19 open codes, and the consequences include 4 selected codes, 11 concepts and 32 open codes, which are the components of the paradigm model regarding the role of social media in the resilience of the digital supply chain in critical conditions. Based on the output of the structural equations of the initial research model, its validity has been confirmed and the prioritization of the components of the mentioned model has been determined by a radar diagram of the research model. In this regard, technology risk tolerance was ranked first, liquidity cycle was ranked second, and collaboration and outsourcing were ranked third.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>5.Conclusion</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">According to the obtained results and the importance of the topic under study, the role of social media and the implementation of digital transformation in organizations as an undeniable competitive advantage has been noticed by senior managers of organizations and businesses. Digitalization of the supply chain will bring revolutionary changes. New technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things can help solve these problems. In fact, digitization can enhance supply chain visibility and the use of advanced digital technologies enables modularization, simplicity and standardization of products and processes. Companies must recognize the benefits of innovative business models that add value to their product portfolio and create new demand channels for more digital customers. In fact, investing and deploying new technologies by increasing access to information, reducing costs, improving product quality, and increasing responsiveness and collaboration capabilities provide a long-term competitive advantage for business supply chains even in critical situations.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Conflict of interest: none</strong></p>

Zahra Mardani, Ali Salehi, Fatemeh Jabbarpor et al.

Background and aim: Artificial intelligence has garnered significant attention recently, and its application in medicine and dentistry has been proposed. However, few studies have been done in the field of dental implants. Investigating the factors affecting its accuracy is also very important. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence in bone density in implant surgery. Material and methods: The relevant published literature was gathered through a systematic search of four electronic databases: Web of Science, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Cochrane. The developed PICO question served as the basis for the search terms. Only articles published in English within the previous five years (January 2019 and February 2025) were included in the search. The accuracy of AI was used as an effect size in a fixed-effects model and inverse-variance methods, with 95% confidence intervals (CI). All data analysis was performed using Stata.v18 software (latest version; year 2025). Results: Artificial intelligence-guided implant surgery was 87% accurate (ES 0.87, 95% CI: -0.01, 1.75). According to meta-regression, a higher bone density increased the risk of angular and implant apex deviations. Conclusions: According to the present meta-analysis, the accuracy of the implant pattern designed with artificial intelligence is high, and bone density is higher than the reasons that can lead to implant deviation.

Anna Szychta

Dear Authors and Readers,The closing issue of “Zeszyty Teoretyczne Rachunkowości” (ZTR, “The Theoretical Journal of Accounting”) for 2025, vol. 49, number 4, once again provides an engaging and multidimensional review of contemporary research trends in accounting. This Special Issue, titled Contemporary challenges, conditions and directions of development of accounting, gathers 13 studies that explore the ongoing transformation of the accounting discipline driven by technological advancements, sustainability demands, and evolving expectations from professionals and educators. The featured articles reflect a diverse range of approaches, from theoretical modelling and comparative analysis to bibliometric synthesis and empirical evaluation, offering a comprehensive perspective on the accounting field as it advances into a new digital and regulatory era.At the intersection of behavioural finance and accounting communication, Adeel Ali Qureshi and Mateusz Lemańczyk present a comprehensive literature review in their paper Attention metrics and stock market reactions to accounting events: A literature review. By combining bibliometric analysis with the TCCM frame- work, they investigate how investor attention, measured by media coverage, online search activity, and textual complexity, influences market reactions to accounting disclosures. Their findings highlight the increasing significance of behavioural insights and data analytics in understanding how financial information is perceived, processed, and priced.The paper by Mateja Brozović, Sanja Sever Mališ, and Dominik Piršić, titled Financial accounting analysis of leverage and profitability: Evidence from Croatian SMEs, expands the discussion to corporate financial performance. Using key financial ratios from small and medium-sized enterprises in Croatia, the authors analyse the relationship between leverage and profitability, providing empirical evidence that enhances understanding of the financial resilience and risk structures of SMEs, a vital yet often overlooked segment of the European economy.Renáta Hornická and Renáta Pakšiová examine the development of non-financial disclosure in their paper Scope of sustainability reporting in the largest companies in Slovakia in 2017 and 2022. By analysing textual data from the annual and sustainability reports of major Slovak firms, they document a noticeable growth in the scope and depth of ESG reporting following the introduction of the Non-Financial Reporting Directive. Their findings offer timely insight into how regulatory pressure drives increased corporate accountability and the institutionalisation of sustainability reporting in Central and Eastern Europe.A broader institutional and regulatory perspective on sustainability assurance is examined by Tanja Laković, Daniel Zdolšek, and Milica Vukčević in their paper Development of the regulatory framework for sustainability assurance: A comparative analysis of the transition from NFRD to CSRD in Slovenia and Montenegro. This comparative study highlights the challenges and opportunities of implementing the new EU Corporate Sustainability Reporting Directive in Montenegro, a non-EU member state. It highlights differences in readiness and institutional adaptation between EU member and candidate countries.From a theoretical perspective, Serhii Lehenchuk and Viktoriia Makarovych offer an innovative conceptual discussion in Theoretical foundations of accounting for intellectual investment property: Towards standard setting. Their paper develops a framework for recognising and measuring intellectual investment property, bridging gaps between traditional accounting and emerging forms of intangible capital. By proposing theoretical principles for potential standardisation, the study adds a significant perspective to debates on accounting for knowledge-based assets in the digital economy.The linguistic and communicative aspects of accountability are examined in Raili Lilo, Elina Paemurru, and Ülle Pärl’s paper, Accountability through linguistic features: A holistic theoretical framework for sustainability reports. Through a meta- -analysis of previous empirical studies, the authors incorporate insights from legitimacy, stakeholder, signalling, and institutional theories to illustrate how language can both promote and conceal accountability in sustainability reporting. Their comprehensive framework offers a valuable basis for analysing how textual choices such as tone, clarity, and structure can influence stakeholders’ perceptions of corporate responsibility and transparency.The public sector perspective is presented by Diana Papradanova and Ventsislav Vechev in their paper An evaluation of the accounting model for reporting public sector entities’ revenues in Bulgaria in the context of the International Public Sector Accounting Standards. The authors carry out a detailed comparative analysis of Bulgarian regulations and IPSAS provisions, highlighting conceptual differences and gaps that impede transparency and comparability. Their findings offer practical recommendations for aligning public-sector accounting practices with international standards and fiscal accountability principles.The human factor and digital transformation in accounting are central themes in Katarzyna Prędkiewicz and Krzysztof Biegun’s article, Factors that influence accountants’ acceptance of Artificial Intelligence: An extended Technology Acceptance Model, which incorporates technology anxiety and experience. The authors empirically expand the Technology Acceptance Model by including variables related to technological anxiety and professional experience, offering fresh insights into how accountants view, accept, and adopt AI tools in their work. Their findings emphasise both the opportunities and psychological barriers in the move towards automation and intelligent systems in accounting practice.The contribution by Ana Rep Romić, Marzena Remlein, and Sanja Sever Mališ, titled Information technology in accounting education: A bibliometric-systematic literature review (2006–2025), focuses on the intersection of pedagogy and digitalisation. Drawing on a bibliometric and systematic literature review spanning two decades of research, the authors map global trends in the integration of IT into accounting education. Their study identifies emerging competencies, evolving educational technologies, and the changing role of educators in developing digitally literate accounting professionals capable of responding to sustainability and AI-driven challenges.Kristina Rudžionienė, Aušrinė Tamulevičiūtė, and Aurelija Kustienė’s study, The relationship between CSR and earnings management in Lithuanian listed companies, explores how sustainability efforts relate to financial behaviour in a small, transitional economy. Contrary to prior expectations, their results indicate a positive link between corporate social responsibility and both accrual- and real-activity earnings management. This surprising outcome suggests that, in some cases, CSR initiatives might be strategically used to hide opportunistic actions. The study offers new empirical insights into ethical authenticity and transparency in financial reporting across Central and Eastern Europe.The intersection of family business and accounting research is explored in Amin Soheili’s paper Family business and accounting research: A structured literature review. Through a systematic review of seventy peer-reviewed papers published between 2000 and 2024, the author maps the theoretical and methodological development of accounting research within family business contexts. Using a SWOT framework, the study highlights the underrepresentation of socioemotional and qualitative dimensions. The review advocates a broader investigation into private and emerging-market family firms, emphasising the need for interdisciplinary approaches that account for the behavioural and relational dynamics of family-owned enterprises.Gintarė Špogienė, Daiva Tamulevičienė, and Kristina Rudžionienė analyse five leading Lithuanian retail chains in their paper Integrating corporate social responsibility into internal decision-making in leading retail chains in Lithuania: A responsibility accounting perspectiveThey highlight a gap between publicly disclosed CSR and the information that genuinely influences managerial decisions. To reduce “informational noise” and enhance accountability, they suggest adapting responsibility accounting and reporting (RAR) to incorporate stakeholder-impact assessment and to categorise decisions as financial, philanthropic, or socially responsible, aligning internal controls with public CSR commitments and fostering more transparent, ethics-based governance.Finally, considering preparedness for the EU’s sustainability regime, Aleksandra Sulik-Górecka, Marzena Strojek-Filus, and Daniel Iskra, in their article Assessment of Polish companies’ preparedness for ESG reporting in the context of its determinants as evaluated by report preparers, explore Polish companies’ readiness through a nationwide survey and non-parametric inference. Most respondents rated themselves as only moderately prepared, with preparedness significantly linked to firm size (but not industry), about 70% viewing ESG reporting as complex, and they highlight a need for investment in personnel and reporting technologies. The study places these findings in the context of the roll-out of CSRD/ESRS and presents them as a baseline for more in-depth quality analysis.Taken together, the articles in this Special Issue reflect the complexity of modern accounting as a discipline that is simultaneously technological, behavioural, regulatory, and ethical. The contributions show how accounting continues to broaden beyond its traditional financial scope, including data analytics, artificial intelligence, linguistic transparency, and sustainability assurance. Each paper not only advances academic discussion but also provides valuable insights for practitioners, educators, and policymakers, enhancing the quality, relevance, and integrity of accounting information.The Editorial Team extends its gratitude to all authors and reviewers for their valuable contributions and diligent work in preparing this issue. We also thank our readers for their continued interest and engagement with the journal. We hope that the studies presented here will inspire further discussion, research, and innovation in the ever-evolving field of accounting.Marzena Remlein* Ana Rep Romić**The Editorial Team of ZTR is pleased to announce that in ZTR’s 49th year of publication, its four quarterly issues contained 39 articles: 25 in English and 14 in Polish. Their authors come from eleven countries (Bulgaria, Estonia, Croatia, Montenegro, Lithuania, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and Ukraine). We thank all the authors for their cooperation with the Editorial Team and the reviewers of their articles. The manuscripts submitted to ZTR were reviewed in 2025 by 73 reviewers, including 52 from Poland and 21 from abroad. The Editorial Team would like to thank all specialists who provided anonymous reviews and insightful feedback. The list of Polish and foreign reviewers is included in this issue of ZTR and on our journal’s website at https://ztr.skwp.pl/ cms/reviewers. We encourage authors and readers to visit ZTR’s website at https://ztr.skwp.pl/, which contains extensive information about ZTR, including its presence in databases (including Scopus, Web of Science, BazEkon, EBSCO Business Source Ulti-mate, Erich Plus, CEEOL, Cejsh, CROSSREF, DOAJ, and ICI Journals Master List), as well as an invitation to a thematic issue of ZTR in 2026 titled Accounting’s Expanded Horizon: Redefining Internal Practices for Organizational Flourishing (for more, see Call for papers published in ZTR, Vol. 49, No. 2 and at https://ztr.skwp.pl/cms/CMS:647). On behalf of the entire ZTR Editorial Team, I wish all authors, reviewers, members of the Editorial Board, and readers of ZTR a lot of health, happi-ness, and peace, as well as numerous professional successes in 2026. Yours sincerely,Anna Szychta

Antón de la Fuente, Dan Jurafsky

This study asks how self-supervised speech models represent suprasegmental categories like Mandarin lexical tone, English lexical stress, and English phrasal accents. Through a series of probing tasks, we make layer-wise comparisons of English and Mandarin 12 layer monolingual models. Our findings suggest that 1) English and Mandarin wav2vec 2.0 models learn contextual representations of abstract suprasegmental categories which are strongest in the middle third of the network. 2) Models are better at representing features that exist in the language of their training data, and this difference is driven by enriched context in transformer blocks, not local acoustic representation. 3) Fine-tuned wav2vec 2.0 improves performance in later layers compared to pre-trained models mainly for lexically contrastive features like tone and stress, 4) HuBERT and WavLM learn similar representations to wav2vec 2.0, differing mainly in later layer performance. Our results extend previous understanding of how models represent suprasegmentals and offer new insights into the language-specificity and contextual nature of these representations.

Marta R. Costa-jussà, Joy Chen, Ifeoluwanimi Adebara et al.

The purpose of this work is to share an English-Yorùbá evaluation dataset for open-book reading comprehension and text generation to assess the performance of models both in a high- and a low- resource language. The dataset contains 358 questions and answers on 338 English documents and 208 Yorùbá documents. The average document length is ~ 10k words for English and 430 words for Yorùbá. Experiments show a consistent disparity in performance between the two languages, with Yorùbá falling behind English for automatic metrics even if documents are much shorter for this language. For a small set of documents with comparable length, performance of Yorùbá drops by x2.5 times. When analyzing performance by length, we observe that Yorùbá decreases performance dramatically for documents that reach 1500 words while English performance is barely affected at that length. Our dataset opens the door to showcasing if English LLM reading comprehension capabilities extend to Yorùbá, which for the evaluated LLMs is not the case.

Udiat Udiat, Agnes Widyaningrum

This study examines the short story "Hills Like White Elephants" by Ernest Hemingway through the lens of structuralism, focusing on the concept of binary opposition. As a narrative text, Hemingway's story utilizes a minimalist style to convey complex themes, leaving much of its meaning open to interpretation. This analysis employs Saussure's theory of structuralism to explore the contrasting elements within the story, such as the opposing desires of the characters, Jig and the American man, in relation to their decision about an unplanned pregnancy. Through a close textual analysis, the research identifies key binary oppositions present in the dialogue and symbolism of the story, including certainty versus uncertainty, power versus vulnerability, and pragmatism versus emotional depth. These Binary opposition highlight the underlying tensions in the relationship and the broader themes of freedom and responsibility. By examining these binaries, this study reveals the nuanced ways in which Hemingway constructs meaning and tension, offering insights into the complexities of human relationships and the challenges of communication. The findings underscore the significance of structural analysis in understanding the intricate layers of meaning in literary texts.

Robynne Gilchrist, Aayesha Kholvadia, William (Bill) Burdick

Collaboration has emerged as a pivotal element within an intentional person-centred healthcare framework. However, there is a need for evaluative feedback from patients to enhance interprofessional collaboration and its outcomes. The objective of this review was to describe the state of knowledge on the perspectives of patients living with a chronic condition regarding their experiences of interprofessional collaboration. A scoping review across five online databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, PubMed Central, ScienceDirect, and Taylor & Francis Online; February 2023) identified all peer-reviewed literature published in English between the years 2018 and 2023 that reported on patients’ perspectives of, and experiences with, interprofessional collaboration and/or its effect on patient care and outcomes. Articles selected for final appraisal were descriptively and thematically analysed. The literature search yielded 3454 articles. One hundred and four (104) full-text articles were included for appraisal based on the eligibility criteria. Once study selection and critical appraisal were completed, 25 studies were included in the review. Three themes were reported on the patient’s perspective of interprofessional collaboration: (i) Team functioning, (ii) Patient involvement, and (iii) Coordinated care. Interprofessional relations, role clarification, and team-based communication were the main factors essential to successful team functioning as perceived by patients. Further exploration of these key factors is necessary to guide the development of improvement strategies or interventions focused on strengthening interprofessional collaboration and the patient’s experience. The patient’s perspective of interprofessional collaboration still warrants further investigation to improve patient experience, quality of care, and outcomes in a collaborative environment.

Ehsan Namaziandost, Fidel Çakmak, Tahereh Heydarnejad et al.

Psychological factors, such as the fear of misunderstandings, making grammatical mistakes, and academic demotivation contribute to students' anxiety when speaking English in language classes. Some students may struggle to contribute actively to tasks and activities in English because they do not perceive themselves to be autonomous agents, feel engaged with the specific task, or are more generally academically demotivated. It is a critical goal of all English language teachers to assist these students in developing academic self-confidence and autonomy and in honing their spoken English. Drawing upon a quantitative method, the current study delved into a university setting to investigate the impact of autonomy and academic engagement on willingness to communicate, foreign language learning self-esteem, and L2 grit in English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Three hundred eighty-seven EFL students completed a survey. The results of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM), along with the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) as part of the measurement model validation, demonstrated that enhancing the EFL students' autonomy and academic engagement could significantly foster their willingness to communicate in English, as well as their self-esteem, and L2 grit. Overall, the results highlighted how the two pillars of self-determination theory, autonomy and academic engagement, contribute to positive psychology outcomes in the EFL domain. Relevant pedagogical consequences of this investigation are discussed based on the findings of the study.

J. Richards

Kun Zhu, Xiaocheng Feng, Xiachong Feng et al.

Scientific literature review generation aims to extract and organize important information from an abundant collection of reference papers and produces corresponding reviews while lacking a clear and logical hierarchy. We observe that a high-quality catalogue-guided generation process can effectively alleviate this problem. Therefore, we present an atomic and challenging task named Hierarchical Catalogue Generation for Literature Review as the first step for review generation, which aims to produce a hierarchical catalogue of a review paper given various references. We construct a novel English Hierarchical Catalogues of Literature Reviews Dataset with 7.6k literature review catalogues and 389k reference papers. To accurately assess the model performance, we design two evaluation metrics for informativeness and similarity to ground truth from semantics and structure.Our extensive analyses verify the high quality of our dataset and the effectiveness of our evaluation metrics. We further benchmark diverse experiments on state-of-the-art summarization models like BART and large language models like ChatGPT to evaluate their capabilities. We further discuss potential directions for this task to motivate future research.

Hidayah Ramli, Norhayati Yusop, Rosmaliza Ramli et al.

Introduction: Although there have been many studies on stem cells, few have investigated how neurotransmitters and stem cell proliferation interact to regenerate dental pulp. Dental pulp regeneration is an innovative procedure for reviving dental pulp, if feasible for the entire tooth. Upon tooth injury, activated platelets release serotonin and dopamine in bulk to mobilize dental pulp stem cells to mediate natural dental repair. This has induced research on the role of neurotransmitters in increasing the proliferation rate of stem cells. This review also covers prospective future treatments for dental pulp regeneration. Methods: A literature search was performed via PubMed and ScienceDirect from 2001 to 2022, using the keywords “neurotransmitter,” “stem cell,” “tooth regeneration,” “tooth repair,” “regenerative dentistry,” and “dental pulp.” Different inclusion/exclusion criteria were used, and the search was restricted to English articles. Results: Nine publications reporting neurotransmitter interactions with stem cells for tooth and pulp regeneration were selected. Conclusion: Neurotransmitters were found to interact with dental stem cells. Evidence pointing to neurotransmitters as a factor in the increased proliferation of stem cells was found. This review thus gives hope for tooth pulp regeneration and repair.

Yongyan Li, J. Flowerdew

Abstract Academics and research students around the world have increasingly come under pressure to publish in high-ranking English-medium international journals. At the same time, it has been widely recognised that English for Research Publication Purposes (ERPP) pedagogical support can be crucial to the publication success of those scholars and students who use English as an Additional Language (EAL). There has consequently been a growing interest in developing ERPP instructional initiatives. This paper surveys existing reported ERPP pedagogical practices, aiming to answer the research question “What does the literature tell us about the contexts and pedagogical strategies of ERPP instruction led by language teachers?” A selection of 31 articles was retrieved as the focal literature and seven categories of meaning were derived: rationales and local contexts, theoretical underpinnings and pedagogical approaches, writing tasks, instructor and peer feedback, language focus, challenging issues, and specialised vs. specialist knowledge. In view of the huge demand for ERPP intervention, the field can still be considered as underdeveloped. By synthesising the relevant literature to date, this review is timely and will be of value to course designers and ERPP practitioners present and future.

Akshat Gahoi, Jayant Duneja, Anshul Padhi et al.

Code-mixed machine translation has become an important task in multilingual communities and extending the task of machine translation to code mixed data has become a common task for these languages. In the shared tasks of WMT 2022, we try to tackle the same for both English + Hindi to Hinglish and Hinglish to English. The first task dealt with both Roman and Devanagari script as we had monolingual data in both English and Hindi whereas the second task only had data in Roman script. To our knowledge, we achieved one of the top ROUGE-L and WER scores for the first task of Monolingual to Code-Mixed machine translation. In this paper, we discuss the use of mBART with some special pre-processing and post-processing (transliteration from Devanagari to Roman) for the first task in detail and the experiments that we performed for the second task of translating code-mixed Hinglish to monolingual English.

Igor Araujo, Kareem Benaissa, Richard Bi et al.

A path in an edge-colored graph is said to be rainbow if no color repeats on it. An edge-colored graph is said to be rainbow $k$-connected if every pair of vertices is connected by $k$ internally disjoint rainbow paths. The rainbow $k$-connection number $\mathrm{rc}_k(G)$ is the minimum number of colors $\ell$ such that there exists a coloring with $\ell$ colors that makes $G$ rainbow $k$-connected. Let $f(k,t)$ be the minimum integer such that every $t$-partite graph with part sizes at least $f(k,t)$ has $\mathrm{rc}_k(G) \le 4$ if $t=2$ and $\mathrm{rc}_k(G) \le 3$ if $t \ge 3$. Answering a question of Fujita, Liu and Magnant, we show that \[ f(k,t) = \left\lceil \frac{2k}{t-1} \right\rceil \] for all $k\geq 2$, $t\geq 2$. We also give some conditions for which $\mathrm{rc}_k(G) \le 3$ if $t=2$ and $\mathrm{rc}_k(G) \le 2$ if $t \ge 3$.

Najeeb Ullah Sofi, Santosh Kumar Sinha, Mohit Sachan et al.

“Tiger stripes” or “Zebra stripes” are multiple band-like signals noted on Doppler spectral recordings and have been associated with intracardiac oscillating structures. They have been attributed to flail prosthetic valve leaflet, native valve regurgitation without flail leaflet, papillary muscle rupture in acute coronary syndrome, and possibly Lambl's excrescences. To our knowledge, there is only one case report in the English literature that had identified this sign in rheumatic carditis. We present the case of a 14-year-old boy, who was known to have rheumatic heart disease and presented with worsening dyspnea of recent onset. His antistreptolysin O, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate titer were raised. Echocardiography revealed severe eccentric mitral regurgitation with multiple high-intensity signals (tiger stripes) on continuous wave (CW) Doppler. The patient was managed as rheumatic carditis with steroids. Repeat echocardiography after 1 month showed the resolution of tiger stripes. Upon tapering, steroids patient's symptoms worsened and echocardiography revealed the reappearance of tiger stripes. We propose that these high-intensity signals in spectral Doppler reflect valvulitis and are the echocardiographic counterpart of musical overtones. We suggest that these signals on CW Doppler in a patient with established rheumatic heart disease be taken as a marker of carditis and the patient should be managed accordingly. We refer to this sign as a “Fingerprint sign” due to its resemblance to it and to differentiate it from Tiger strips because of its dynamic nature. This sign can be used to identify and follow carditis in a rheumatic scenario.

Xian Shi, Fan Yu, Yizhou Lu et al.

The variety of accents has posed a big challenge to speech recognition. The Accented English Speech Recognition Challenge (AESRC2020) is designed for providing a common testbed and promoting accent-related research. Two tracks are set in the challenge -- English accent recognition (track 1) and accented English speech recognition (track 2). A set of 160 hours of accented English speech collected from 8 countries is released with labels as the training set. Another 20 hours of speech without labels is later released as the test set, including two unseen accents from another two countries used to test the model generalization ability in track 2. We also provide baseline systems for the participants. This paper first reviews the released dataset, track setups, baselines and then summarizes the challenge results and major techniques used in the submissions.

Munira Al-Ageili, Malek Mouhoub

This research work is intended to assess the usability of Pictogram symbols and other visual symbols in an audio-visual strategy to facilitate and enhance the use and learning of English as an additional language for Arabic-speaking Syrian refugees, with a potential for generalizing the process to speakers from other linguistic backgrounds. The adopted software for the project is PICTOPAGES, a versatile tool with 2,200 symbols, 78 animated symbols, and the potential for customization with photographs, thus augmenting its capability for personalization and relevance. While PICTOPAGES is the intended basis for this research, the concept and software will be adapted and modified as may be required. PICTOPAGES includes text, recorded speech, and symbols and is currently available for iPad. In the future, it may be adapted for use on iPhone. A preliminary design using PICTOPAGES has been created for this research. The focus group includes, but is not limited to, newcomers who may have limited to no English skills, limited resources, limited education, and potentially limited literacy in their native language, and perhaps high levels of distraction and frustration related to their recent experiences. Enhanced communication capability and confidence should enhance the participants employment potential. Extensive interaction with respect to communication requirements, selection or development of readily understandable symbols, and real-world testing would be undertaken with an intended user group. A potential subset of the focus group could involve members of the refugee community that, in addition to English language limitations, also have developmental or acquired disabilities that affect their ability to communicate verbally (per the original intent of the software).