Hasil untuk "Anthropology"

M. Rutten

Aihwa Ong, Stephen J. Collier, G. Bowker

Piotr Górka, Julia Frączek, Karolina Borówka et al.

Background: Hamstring muscle injuries (HMI) remain the most prevalent non-contact injury in high-speed sports, particularly football and athletics. Despite sports medicine advancements, HMI is characterised by high recurrence rates (12–33%), causing significant time loss and performance decrements. Aim: This paper provides a comprehensive literature review regarding the functional anatomy, risk factors, diagnostic classification, and evidence-based treatment strategies for HMI. Material and methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using PubMed and MEDLINE. We focused on high-quality studies (systematic reviews, randomised controlled trials, clinical guidelines) published between 2010 and 2025, covering conservative and surgical management. Results: The biceps femoris long head's bi-articular architecture and dual innervation predispose it to eccentric strain during sprinting. Diagnosis has evolved with the British Athletics Muscle Injury Classification (BAMIC), which identifies intratendinous involvement as predicting prolonged recovery. Conservative management remains the gold standard for mid-substance injuries; L-protocol (lengthening) and eccentric strengthening show superior outcomes over concentric training. Surgery is indicated for complete proximal avulsions or high-grade partial tears with retraction (>2 cm); acute repair yields better outcomes than chronic reconstruction. Conclusions: Effective HMI management requires a multimodal approach. While conservative care resolves most injuries, precise MRI diagnosis is crucial to identify surgical candidates early. Return to play must be criteria-based, prioritising restored eccentric strength, fascicle length, and sprint mechanics over time-based protocols or imaging clearance.

Jilong Chen, Xing Chen, Wenjin Li et al.

In deep-sea mining hydraulic lifting systems, centrifugal pumps are very important as power units. In the process of transportation, the fluid prewhirl phenomenon in the impeller inlet will lead to changes in the state of motion of the particles and fluid and cause the wear of the inlet pipe, which can lead to centrifugal pump failure in serious cases. In this paper, a numerical simulation of the centrifugal pump is carried out based on the CFD-DEM coupling method to analyze the influence of the prewhirl on the wear of the inlet pipe. The results show that the velocity streamline near the impeller inlet position changes significantly. The flow field velocity increases along the radial direction of the inlet pipe, and it has a maximum value at <i>r/R</i> = 0.98. The prewhirl flow pulls the particles to change their original motion direction, and the area where the particles are subjected to high fluid force is concentrated between 0.5 <i>d/D</i> and 1 <i>d/D</i>, about 0.015 to 0.018 N, resulting in the uneven distribution of particles. The high-wear area appears in the bottom-left area (specifically, L4, L9, and L13), and this is also the location of the largest cumulative force; the high-wear area shows a triangle. The collision energy loss of particles increases due to the influence of the prewhirl, which leads to an increase in wear.

Cheng-Hong Yang, Chih-Hsien Wu, Kuei-Hau Luo et al.

Air pollution has become a major global threat to human health. Urbanization and industrialization over the past few decades have increased the air pollution. Plausible connections have been made between air pollutants and dementia. This study used machine learning algorithms (k-nearest neighbors, random forest, gradient-boosted decision trees, eXtreme gradient boosting, and CatBoost) to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and air pollution. Data from the Taiwan Biobank and 75 air-pollution-monitoring stations in Taiwan were analyzed to determine individual levels of exposure to air pollutants. The pollutants examined were particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The results revealed that the most strongly correlated with cognitive impairment were ozone, PM2.5, and carbon monoxide levels with adjustment of educational level, age, and household income. The model based on these factors achieved accuracy as high as 0.97 for detecting cognitive impairment, indicating a positive association between air pollutions and cognitive impairment.

Marcos Plischuk, Rocío García Mancuso, Bárbara Desántolo

mohammed nazhan mahdi

M. Fried

Philippe Charlier, Philippe Charlier, Philippe Charlier et al.

yán Iván-Baragaño, Rubén Maneiro, Jose L. Losada et al.

La investigación en fútbol femenino ha aumentado de manera notable en los últimos años. A pesar de ello, en el ámbito del rendimiento táctico colectivo las publicaciones aún son escasas. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y describir cómo se produjeron las acciones ofensivas dinámicas en las selecciones ganadoras y perdedoras en la Copa Mundial Femenina de la FIFA Francia 2019 y establecer diferencias entre ambos grupos. Desde una metodología observacional, se elaboró un instrumento de observación ad hoc y se analizaron 1883 acciones ofensivas que tuvieron lugar en la fase final del campeonato. Se realizaron dos tipos de pruebas estadísticas para comprobar la existencia de diferencias entre grupos. Se aplicó la prueba chi-cuadrado para los criterios de tipo cualitativo y la prueba U de Mann Whitney para los criterios de tipo continuo con un nivel de significación p < .05. Se demostró la existencia de diferencias significativas para los siguientes criterios: temporalidad, resultado temporal, tiempo total de posesión, tiempo de posesión en campo rival, organización defensiva rival, zona de inicio en amplitud y resultado de la acción. Las selecciones que ganaron los partidos mostraron una mayor capacidad de desarrollar sus ataques en los primeros momentos de la primera y la segunda parte, así como una mayor calidad colectiva para mantener la posesión de balón en campo rival y finalizar sus acciones con éxito. Estos resultados pueden ser utilizados con el objetivo de implementar estrategias de entrenamiento y competición que permitan aumentar el rendimiento en fútbol femenino de élite

Sattik Ghosh, Stephanie Pulford, Arnold J. Bloom

Students who completed the online version of an introductory course on climate change performed 2% worse than those who completed the in-person version, according to a study of 1790 undergraduate students in California, USA.

R. C. Ulin

A. Merriam

Felipe Rangel Tavares

Apreendemos a metropolização do espaço enquanto processo socioespacial biopolítico. A partir da análise das remoções ocorridas no Morro da Providência-RJ, no âmbito da Operação Urbana Consorciada da Região Portuária do Rio de Janeiro e do Programa Morar Carioca, objetivamos analisar a espacialidade biopolítica na metrópole contemporânea. Após relacionar o processo de metropolização às relações de poder que inscrevem a biopolítica no espaço, buscamos um diálogo entre Michel Foucault e Henri Lefebvre, em torno dos conceitos de “meio” e “espaço instrumental”. Propomos a tríade analítica inscrição-prescrição-ordenação para examinar os projetos e intervenções urbanas que promovem o “estranhamento espacialmente construído” e a “desumanização espacialmente forjada”, processos espaciais que esvaziam a substância política que constitui o ser social.

B. Malina

U. Hannerz

V. Turner, E. Bruner, C. Geertz

Eija Stark, Kati Mikkola, Pia Olsson

The article analyzes the logic behind the archival policies concerning language and ethnic minorities in Finland, drawing examples from three minority groups: the Sámi, the Finnish Roma (the Kaale), and the Finland-Swedes. We base our discussion on the documented descriptions, manuscripts, questionnaires, and fieldwork activities dealing with language and ethnic minority groups archived by the Finnish Literature Society (Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, SKS) and the Society of Swedish Literature in Finland (Svenska litteratursällskapet i Finland, SLS) from the beginning of the nineteenth century until the early twenty-first century. Viewed from a historical perspective, the establishment of archives in Finland was inextricably connected to the societal power enjoyed by certain ethnic and language groups seeking to preserve their heritage.

Czajczyńska Dina, Czajka Krzysztof M., Krzyżyńska Renata et al.

Nowadays, the stability of energy supply that additionally should be sustainable is one of the most important global issues. Thus, many new potential energy sources are being investigated. Since automobile industry is growing, a huge amount of waste tyres (WT) occur each year. Pyrolysis of scrap tyres can be considered as a sustainable way to recover significant amounts of energy as well as the valuable materials. Potential of waste tyres in the energy sector is studied in this work. Proximate, ultimate and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis of mechanically grounded WT sample was done. Waste tyres feature high heating value combined with carbon content as high as 87.90 % (on dry ash-free basis). Additionally, TG analysis allows to choose optimal operating temperature for pyrolysis process which is between 350 and 500°C. However, the sulphur content is also relatively high – around 2 wt.% - and it is the most important challenge for utilizing this waste in a thermochemical way.

Akajuli Palanaiwa, Asiwae Wayana, Ikale Asaukili et al.