Hasil untuk "Print media"

Noel Brown, C. Deegan

Arpan Mukherjee, Mourad Sini

This work provides a rigorous functional-analytic justification for a time-domain Foldy-Lax framework that describes multiple acoustic scattering by a cluster of dispersive resonators (modeling gas-filled bubbles), explicitly incorporating dispersion via the Minnaert resonance. The model is formulated as a delayed-coupled hyperbolic system for bubble amplitude interactions. We combine time-domain integral equations, Laplace transforms, and Hardy-Sobolev space techniques to analyze this system, establishing its unique solvability in anisotropic Hilbert spaces, with solutions expressed as convergent Neumann series of convolution operators. We derive geometric decay of truncation errors for resonant incident waves and quantify the contribution of $N$-th order multi-scattering, showing it scales with \(\varepsilon^{N(1-p)+1}\) (relating bubble radius \(\varepsilon\) and inter-bubble distance scaling as $\varepsilon^p$, $p<1$). This dominates the measurement errors, which are of order $\varepsilon^2$, thereby allowing us to capture fields generated by inter-bubble interactions of order $N<\frac{1}{1-p}$. This provides a quantitative relation between the spectra band width of the source field, the closeness distance between the bubbles and the order $N$ of the relevant interactions between the bubbles. Furthermore, a novel connection to Feynman diagrams maps multi-scattering paths to diagrammatic vertices and propagators, simplifying the interpretation of higher-order interactions and kinematic constraints. This framework advances accurate transient wave prediction in dispersive media, with implications for cavitation therapy, seismic imaging, and metamaterial engineering.

Emmanouil Genikopoulos, Efstathios Dimitriadis

Over the past decade in Greece, over 130 regional newspapers are no longer being printed and therefore have ceased their publication. As a consequence, publishers/owners, journalists, and editors have expressed their concerns about the future of local newspapers and have become increasingly pessimistic regarding the business future of the Greek regional press. This study strongly focuses on the various challenges and complex difficulties they have to face and overcome in order to retain their validity and credibility, seeing that the viability of their business is declining significantly. Along with its scientifically substantiated research, which are conducted through a questionnaire, a sample of 176 employees (publishers/owners, journalists, and editors) is examined out of the total of 199 local newspapers that are being legally printed today in the country (111 daily and 88 weekly releases). The main point of emphasis is to showcase and highlight the personal experiences and opinions of the people that are working in the industry, justifying and analyzing the dangers and risks that are threatening the future of local print media. The presentation and the evaluation of its results show negative and frustrating insights that can potentially lead to an uncertain future in the coming years. By combining both the negative responses of the participants and their low level of satisfaction regarding the government’s efforts and support measures, a clear conclusion is drawn that the Greek regional press is fighting for its survival. It seems probable that, in the upcoming future, even more regional newspapers will suspend their circulation.

Nikolai Vogler, Kartik Goyal, Samuel V. Lemley et al.

We propose a novel computational approach to automatically analyze the physical process behind printing of early modern letterpress books via clustering the running titles found at the top of their pages. Specifically, we design and compare custom neural and feature-based kernels for computing pairwise visual similarity of a scanned document's running titles and cluster the titles in order to track any deviations from the expected pattern of a book's printing. Unlike body text which must be reset for every page, the running titles are one of the static type elements in a skeleton forme i.e. the frame used to print each side of a sheet of paper, and were often re-used during a book's printing. To evaluate the effectiveness of our approach, we manually annotate the running title clusters on about 1600 pages across 8 early modern books of varying size and formats. Our method can detect potential deviation from the expected patterns of such skeleton formes, which helps bibliographers understand the phenomena associated with a text's transmission, such as censorship. We also validate our results against a manual bibliographic analysis of a counterfeit early edition of Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan (1651).

Tomas Schuller, Maziyar Jalaal, Paola Fanzio et al.

The optimal design seeks the best possible solution(s) for a mechanical structure, device, or system, satisfying a series of requirements and leading to the best performance. In this work, optimized nozzle shapes have been designed for a wide range of polymer melts to be used in extrusion-based additive manufacturing, which aims to minimize pressure drop and allow greater flow control at large extrusion velocities. This is achieved with a twofold approach, combining a global optimization algorithm with computational fluid dynamics for optimizing a contraction geometry for viscoelastic fluids and validating these geometries experimentally. In the optimization process, variable coordinates for the nozzle's contraction section are defined, the objective function is selected, and the optimization algorithm is guided within manufacturing constraints. Comparisons of flow-type and streamline plots reveal that the nozzle shape significantly influences flow patterns. Depending on the rheological properties, the optimized solution either promotes shear or extensional flow, enhancing the material flow rate. Finally, experimental validation of the nozzle performance assessed the actual printing flow, the extrusion force and the overall print control. It is shown that optimizing the nozzle can significantly reduce backflow-related pressure drop, positively impacting total pressure drop (up to 41%) and reducing backflow effects. This work has real-world implications for the additive manufacturing industry, offering opportunities for increased printing speeds, enhanced productivity, and improved printing quality and reliability. Our research contributes to advancing extrusion-based printing processes technology, addressing industry demands and enhancing the field of additive manufacturing.

Тетяна Анатоліївна Роїк, Олег Анатолійович Гавриш, Юлія Юріївна Майстренко

Стаття присвячена аналізу особливостей виникнення миттєвих контактних температур при тонкому ельборовому шліфуванні нових антифрикційних самозмащувальних композитів, синтезованих на основі регенерованих шліфувальних відходів високолегованих сталей з домішками твердого мастила фториду кальцію — Р6АМ5+(4‒8)%CaF2 та 8Х4В2МФС2+(4‒8)%CaF2. Показано, що фінішна обробка розроблених високолегованих композитів шліфувальними кругами з ельбору BN на еластичній Бр1 бакелітно-гумовій зв’язці за технологічних режимів: швидкість руху кругу 22 м/с і глибина різання в діапазоні 0,03–0,005 мм викликає появу найнижчих температурних величин (113‒300° С) в поверхневих локальних областях деталі. Це обумовлює формування найменших спотворень структури і фізичних властивостей поверхневого шару деталі, з якого відбувається зрізання надтонких мікростружок. Виявлено, що величини температур на оброблюваних поверхнях значно нижчі із застосуванням ельборових кругів на еластичній Бр1 зв’язці, ніж на керамічній К1 зв’язці. Це пояснюється тим, що бакелітно-гумова зв’язка більш еластична, ніж керамічна. Тому при застосуванні ельборових кругів на бакелітно-гумовій зв’язці Бр1 сили різання, які утворюються при зрізанні шліфувальним кругом тонких мікростружок, забезпечують меншу глибину проникнення інструменту у поверхню обробки композиту. Через це змінюються умови різання — суттєво зменшується переріз мікростружки, що призводить до зниження контактних температур та сприяє перерозподілу напружень у поверхневому шарі, при цьому поліпшуються умови формування геометрії поверхні з мінімальними величинами параметру шорсткості Ra. Дослідження впливу зернистості ельборового кругу на виникнення миттєвих контактних температур у зоні різання показали, що застосування дрібнозернистого ріжучого інструменту істотно, майже у 1,5–1,6 рази, знижує величини контактних температур у зоні різання. Дослідження показали, що у випадку обробки композитів з використанням кругів з ельбору підвищеної міцності ЛП спостерігається поява вищих температур у зоні різання на противагу використанню кругів звичайної міцності ЛО. Це пояснюється тим, що ельборові круги з більш міцними зернами поступово викришуються і частково руйнуються під дією сил різання через схильність ельбору ЛП до крихкості. Такі явища викликають збільшення миттєвих контактних температур через участь сколотих фрагментів ельборових зерен у процесі різання. Для мінімізації температурного впливу на структуру і властивості робочих поверхонь композитних деталей доцільно виконувати фінішне шліфування кругами з ельбору звичайної міцності ЛО на еластичній зв’язці Бр1, зернистістю від 14 до 20 мкм, за 100 % концентрації ельбору, що є передумовою забезпечення високих параметрів якості поверхонь. Результати досліджень показали, що мінімізація температури в зоні оброблення, яка не спричиняє зміни структури і зниження вихідних властивостей робочих поверхонь деталей, може бути забезпечена дотриманням наступних технологічних параметрів фінішного ельборового шліфування: швидкість руху кругу Vкр — 22,0 м/с, швидкість обертання композитної деталі Vв — 2,0 м/хв, глибина різання t = 2,0‒5,0 мкм, з безперервним охолодженням 3 % водяним розчином емульсії соди з мінеральним мастилом, які можуть бути рекомендовані для тонкої фінішної обробки деталей друкарського обладнання.

Aderogba Adeyemi

Nigeria media industry is one of the most vibrant and diversified media industry in African continent. The industry has a relatively long history. This study aims to examine the focus of the print media in line with agenda setting and gate keeping functions of the mass media in the face of all of the challenges facing the country. The importance attached to subjects covered by the selected newspapers is determined by the frequency of coverage. Content analysis is the research method adopted for the study. It was discovered that that economy, politics, sport and international news were regarded as the most important subjects with 26.5%, 23.6%, 7.4% and 5.9% of the newspapers’ contents respectively. The share of newspapers’ contents on terrorism was 1.4% while corruption has a meagre 0.9% share. There is need for re-orientation of the media practitioners in the face of the current challenges of Nigeria as a nation. The press needs to accord priority to matters that are considered germane to national development. There is dire need for a radical shift in the traditional focus of Nigerian mass media.

Emiliano Cristiani, Maurizio Falcone, Silvia Tozza

Computer Vision and 3D printing have rapidly evolved in the last 10 years but interactions among them have been very limited so far, despite the fact that they share several mathematical techniques. We try to fill the gap presenting an overview of some techniques for Shape-from-Shading problems as well as for 3D printing with an emphasis on the approaches based on nonlinear partial differential equations and optimization. We also sketch possible couplings to complete the process of object manufacturing starting from one or more images of the object and ending with its final 3D print. We will give some practical examples of this procedure.

Wei Wang, Philip Lambert, Jonathan Chisum

Artificial dielectrics are widely used for Gradient-Index (GRIN) lens antennas. The unit-cell size of an artificial dielectric determines the maximum operating frequency and also drives cost and yield. To explore the frequency limitations we printed four identical Luneburg lens antennas using gyroid unit-cells of 12.5, 10, 7.5, and 5mm and measured their gain over the K- and Ka-band. We find maximum frequencies of 20, 25, 33, and >40GHz for each unit-cell, respectively. These measurements suggest a print resolution limit of $0.7λ_g$, where $λ_g$ is the wavelength in the host dielectric.

Vladimir A. Plotnikov / Владимир А. Плотников, Olga A. Shamina / Ольга А. Шамина

In modern conditions, the processes of digitalization of the economy are actively developing, ultimately leading to its digital transformation. The digital economy changes the effective rules of doing business. These changes have industry (sectoral) specifics. The purpose of the article is to clarify the role and importance of print media (mass media) in the digital economy. The research utilizes official statistics data processed using well-known methods of economic and managerial research. The analysis of literature sources shows that traditionally the transition to the digital economy is assessed as a change in the business environment for organizations, including print media. The author's research found that this approach to the interpretation of digitalization and digital transformation accompanying the transition to the digital economy has limited applicability. In some industries, it requires adjustment, particularly for print media, for which the digital economy is not an external factor in their development, but an internal factor in their successful functioning. In addition, the activities of print media are themselves an integral element of the digital economy. Their functioning is associated with the generation and dissemination of information, and as the processes of digitalization and digital transformation develop, this information is digitized and brought into economic circulation as a resource for the development of the digital economy. The article also shows that print media are increasingly using modern digital technologies to produce the content underlying their product, because of which this content is transforming not only in form, but also in content. Thus, the article presents a new vision of the peculiarities of the development and functioning of print media in the digital economy. The results obtained can be considered both in further scientific research and in practice - in developing strategies for the development of print media and in improving the methods and tools of state regulation of the processes of transition to the digital economy model in the Russian Federation. / В современных условиях активно развиваются процессы цифровизации экономики, приводящие, в конечном счете, к ее цифровой трансформации. Цифровая экономика изменяет эффективные правила ведения бизнеса. Эти изменения имеют отраслевую (секторальную) специфику. Целью статьи является уточнение роли и значения печатных средств массовой информации (СМИ) в условиях цифровой экономики. При проведении исследования использованы данные официальной статистики, обработанные с применением известных методов экономических и управленческих исследований. В ходе проведения анализа литературных источников показано, что традиционно переход к цифровой экономике оценивается как изменение бизнес-среды для организаций, в том числе для печатных СМИ. В результате авторского исследования установлено, что такой подход к трактовке цифровизации и цифровой трансформации, сопровождающих переход к цифровой экономике, имеет ограниченную применимость. В некоторых отраслях он требует корректировки, в частности, это относится к печатным СМИ, для которых цифровая экономика — не внешний фактор их развития, но внутренний фактор их успешного функционирования. Кроме того, деятельность печатных СМИ сама является неотъемлемым элементом цифровой экономики. Их функционирование связано с генерацией и распространением информации, по мере развития процессов цифровизации и цифровой трансформации эта информация оцифровывается и вовлекается в хозяйственный оборот как ресурс развития цифровой экономики. Также в статье показано, что печатные СМИ все более активно используют для производства контента, лежащего в основе их продукта, современные цифровые технологии, вследствие чего этот контент трансформируется не только по форме, но и по содержанию. Таким образом, в статье изложено новое видение особенностей развития и функционирования печатных СМИ в условиях цифровой экономики. Полученные результаты могут быть учтены как в дальнейших научных исследованиях, так и на практике – при разработке стратегий развития печатных СМИ и при совершенствовании методов и инструментария государственного регулирования процессов перехода России к модели цифровой экономики.

Ruth Nana Efua McCarthy, Emmanuel Timmy Donkoh, Dominic DeGraft Arthur et al.

Abstract Background Strategies for developing and advancing good public relations can be recognized in nearly all fields of life without making an exception for the healthcare industry. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, matters of public health have gathered more force. The importance of effective public relations for improving healthcare is highlighted by the position that immediate access to reliable health information should be the hallmark of a just society. However, the strategies available for addressing major threats to the uptake of public health services such as mass vaccination campaigns are not properly studied and documented in the Ghanaian context. This organizational case study explored strategies used by healthcare professionals working with the Ghana Health Service (GHS) to address COVID-19-related vaccine hesitancy in the country. Methods We performed a qualitative inquiry with semi-structured in-depth interviews conducted with 25 public health officials of the GHS. The interviews were timed to coincide with the mass deployment of COVID-19 vaccines in four Regions. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling. Data collected included demographic characteristics, perspectives on public relations strategies used in the past year to improve COVID-19 vaccine uptake as well as successes and pitfalls. Thematic analysis was performed with NVIVO software to generate themes from interview transcripts. Results Four main themes emerged from the data analysis and these are presented. Healthcare workers perceived vaccine hesitancy to be a threat with the potential to undermine an important strategic organizational goal related to COVID-19 illness. In terms of PR strategies, we determined that a combination of informative, motivational, persuasive and coercive public relations strategies was employed by the Ghana Health Service to address the challenge of vaccine hesitancy. We further found that PR strategies were deployed across both traditional (print, radio, TV) and emerging/social media networks. Officials were optimistic that the strategies would produce results, but were uncertain whether they could attribute current successes or failures to the PR strategies used. Conclusion Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, public relations strategies which have been employed by the Ghana Health Service to address vaccine hesitancy are characterized and catalogued. The nature of the audience and PR strategies employed suggests that the effect of these strategies may be short-lived unless they are constantly reinforced by the GHS. These findings show that effective PR strategies exist for addressing vaccine hesitancy in public health practice.

Silvan Gantenbein, Emanuele Colucci, Julian Käch et al.

Biological living materials, such as animal bones and plant stems, are able to self-heal, regenerate, adapt and make decisions under environmental pressures. Despite recent successful efforts to imbue synthetic materials with some of these remarkable functionalities, many emerging properties of complex adaptive systems found in biology remain unexplored in engineered living materials. Here, we report on a three-dimensional printing approach that harnesses the emerging properties of fungal mycelium to create living complex materials that self-repair, regenerate and adapt to the environment while fulfilling an engineering function. Hydrogels loaded with the fungus Ganoderma lucidum are 3D printed into lattice architectures to enable mycelial growth in a balanced exploration and exploitation pattern that simultaneously promotes colonization of the gel and bridging of air gaps. To illustrate the potential of such living complex materials, we 3D print a robotic skin that is mechanically robust, self-cleaning, and able to autonomously regenerate after damage.

Ben Greenspan, Eric M. Gallo, Andreea Danielescu

Physical input devices serve as a tactile interface between users and computing systems. These devices are often complex assemblies that consist of both electrical and mechanical components making customization difficult and out of reach for non-engineers. While these components can now be 3D printed on demand, they must still be independently designed and assembled. We present FlexKeys, an approach in which devices that include both electrical and deformable components can be created in a single print on a multi-material 3D printer, requiring no assembly. Designers can customize devices including the input type, travel distance and layout of keys, textures of surfaces, and route all electrical signals directly to a microcontroller socket. In many instances, these devices require no support material, producing a functional device the moment a print finishes. We demonstrate this approach by creating a customized keyboard and report on validation measurements of individual input keys as well as highlighting additional designs. This work provides the first step towards lowering the barrier to entry for non-engineers to design custom tactile inputs, enabling occupational and physical therapists, clinicians, and educators to design and create devices directly based on their assessments of individual user needs.

Emily R. Bartusiak, Edward J. Delp

Attackers may manipulate audio with the intent of presenting falsified reports, changing an opinion of a public figure, and winning influence and power. The prevalence of inauthentic multimedia continues to rise, so it is imperative to develop a set of tools that determines the legitimacy of media. We present a method that analyzes audio signals to determine whether they contain real human voices or fake human voices (i.e., voices generated by neural acoustic and waveform models). Instead of analyzing the audio signals directly, the proposed approach converts the audio signals into spectrogram images displaying frequency, intensity, and temporal content and evaluates them with a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). Trained on both genuine human voice signals and synthesized voice signals, we show our approach achieves high accuracy on this classification task.

Shariwa Oke MS, Marcia Tan PhD

Background Childhood obesity rates in Western developed countries are rapidly increasing. While research shows that eating more fruits and vegetables (FV) is a preventive measure, children do not eat adequate amounts of FV. Marketing of high salt, fat, and sugar foods influences children’s eating behaviors, decreases FV consumption, and is prevalent in children’s surroundings. Garnering the power of ads on children, a potential solution for increasing FV consumption is FV marketing/advertising. Schools can serve as a viable option for testing this advertising because a significant amount of children’s time is spent in school settings. However, research surrounding the use of FV advertising in schools is lacking in a consensus on the most effective methodologies. Objective This paper reviewed existing research on FV advertising in schools and proposed directions for future research surrounding methodology and experimental design. Study Design, Setting, Participants PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched with variations of the terms “vegetable,” “marketing,” “advertisements,” “consumption,” and “schools” (eg, “vegetable consumption AND advertisements AND schools”. Study inclusion criteria were: conducted in school settings, used FV marketing as primary intervention, and measured change in FV consumption or preference. Measurable Outcome/Analysis This review qualitatively compared the studies’ participant demographics, methodologies, and measures of success, and evaluated the studies’ strengths and weaknesses. Results Of the 38 articles reviewed, 8 met the inclusion criteria. Five studies examined elementary school populations; 4 were conducted in cafeterias. Major forms of advertising/interventions were print media, video media, and classroom education interventions, of which print media was the most widely used. Three articles utilized change in consumption of FV as a measure of success, while others measured change in preference. All studies reported increased consumption/preference in at least 1 intervention during or immediately after the intervention. However, only 4 studies conducted follow-up testing. Conclusion FV advertisements in schools appear to be effective in increasing FV consumption among children. To develop implementable advertising, future studies should maintain cohesive methodologies by controlling for novelty effects, conducting follow-up testing, and measuring actual FV consumption rather than preference.

Катерина Олександрівна Чепурна, Ольга Іларіонівна Хмілярчук, Софія Вікторівна Гущик

У роботі проаналізовано існуючі технології та стандарти, що використовуються при виготовленні рельєфно-крапкових зображень для незрячих. Проведено оцінювання рельєфно-крапкових елементів шрифту Брайля, отриманих струминним УФ-друком. Встановлено, що для забезпечення оптимальної тактильності та чіткого розрізнення крапок Брайля достатньо наносити три шари чорнил. Визначено геометричні параметри шрифту Брайля, які забезпечують читабельність надрукованих елементів та чітке сприйняття на дотик. Експериментально підтверджено, що чіткість тактильного сприйняття крапок Брайля залежить від характеру поверхні задруковуваного матеріалу, тому для друку варто обирати матеріали, які характеризуються високою гладкістю поверхні та низькою шорсткістю. Визначено стійкість нанесених фарбових шарів до тертя, шляхом моделювання процесу читання рельєфно-крапкових елементів шрифту Брайля людиною. Виявлено, що рельєфно-крапкові елементи, утворені струминним УФ-друком є стійкими до стирання.

Deepti Khatri

PurposeThis paper aimed to investigate reading format preference of undergraduate students with regard to various categories of information sources and use of social media information sources for academic and non-academic activities.Design/methodology/approachAn exhaustive literature review was carried out in a very well organised way using total 56 publications which include 48 research papers, four conference papers, two books and two reports, which were selected for analysis on the basis of prescribed data schema and adopting the inclusion and exclusion criteria matching with the research objectives of the study.FindingsUndergraduate students preferred text books in print format for passing the exams, and use of search engines and Internet sites were rated as the most crucial source for the academic information. In particular, Wikipedia, YouTube and Blogs were the most frequently used social media information sources by undergraduate students for their academic activities. However, Facebook and Twitter were most prominently used for social interaction.Research limitations/implicationsThe population of the study was restricted to the homogenous group of users, i.e. undergraduate students to examine their choices and preferences for their academic and non-academic activities. Further research studies may be conducted covering the more diverse and heterogeneous user group of postgraduate students and research scholars of different disciplines.Originality/valueGenerally, many previous research studies depicted users' preference for print and electronic media format without paying special attention on the usage of a variety of information sources by user groups. However, the present study is a value addition to the existing literature which emphasised the use of various categories of information sources, particularly by undergraduate students in print and digital format for different purposes in the digital environment. A major shift from the use of print media to digital media to social media information sources by undergraduate students for their academic and non-academic activities.

K. Beckers, Peter van Aelst, P. Verhoest et al.

One of the main functions of news media in democracies is informing the citizenry on day-to-day affairs. However, the way in which citizens gather news has changed as nowadays people have more opportunities than ever before to adapt their media consumption based on their preferences. One of the major game changers was the introduction of social media. This raises the question to what extent traditional media still contribute to people’s knowledge of current affairs. Using a time-diary study in the Flemish media context, we investigate the influence of different forms of news consumption on current news knowledge. We conclude that traditional (print and audiovisual) media, including popular outlets, continue to be the major contributors to people’s knowledge about current affairs and that social media hardly contribute at all.

Amir A. Zadpoor

Mechanical metamaterials owe their extraordinary properties and functionalities to their micro-/nanoscale design of which shape, including both geometry and topology, is perhaps the most important aspect. 4D printing enables programmed, predictable, and precise change in the shape of mechanical metamaterials to achieve multi-functionality, adaptive properties, and the other types of desired behaviors that cannot be achieved using simple 3D printing. This paper presents an overview of 4D printing as applied to mechanical metamaterials. It starts by presenting a systematic definition of what 4D printing is and what shape aspects (e.g., geometry, topology) are relevant for the 4D printing of mechanical metamaterials. Instead of focusing on different printing processes and materials, the paper addresses the most fundamental aspects of the shapeshifting behaviors required for transforming a flat construct to a target 3D shape (i.e., 2D to 3D shapeshifting) or transforming a 3D shape to another 3D shape (i.e., 3D to 3D shapeshifting). In either case, we will discuss the rigid-body shape morphing (e.g., rigid origami) as well as deformable-body shapeshifting. The paper concludes with a discussion of the major challenges ahead of us for applying 4D printing to mechanical metamaterials and suggests several areas for future research.

Kotoko Hiraoka, Kensuke Fukumoto, Takashi Yamazoe et al.

We propose an efficient framework with compatibility between normal printing and printing with special color inks in this paper. Special color inks can be used for printing to represent some particular colors and specific optical properties, which are difficult to express using only CMYK inks. Special color layers are required in addition to the general color layer for printing with special color inks. We introduce a reversible data hiding (RDH) method to embed the special color layers into the general color layer without visible artifacts. The proposed method can realize both normal printing and printing with special color inks by using a single layer. Our experimental results show that the quality of the marked image is virtually identical to that of the original image, i.e., the general color layer.