Hasil untuk "Nursing"

The grounded theory approach to doing qualitative research in nursing has become very popular in recent years. I confess to never really having understood Glaser and Strauss' original book: The Discovery of Grounded Theory. Since they wrote it, they have fallen out over what grounded theory might be and both produced their own versions of it. I welcomed, then, Kathy Charmaz's excellent and practical guide.

M. Craig

Nursing Research covers key issues, including health promotion, human responses to illness, acute care nursing research, symptom management, cost-effectiveness, vulnerable populations, health services, and community-based nursing studies. Each issue highlights the latest research techniques, quantitative and qualitative studies, and new state-of-the-art methodological strategies, including information not yet found in textbooks. Expert commentaries and briefs are also included. In addition to 6 issues per year, Nursing Research from time to time publishes supplemental content not found anywhere else.

D. Polit-O'hara, B. Hungler

Jennifer Elinich, John Mikovits, Alison Roll et al.

Abstract Background The malalignment of the race and ethnicity of healthcare practitioners with that of the population of the United States has the potential to perpetuate existing health disparities. Inclusive teaching practices such as ensuring representation in educational images are hypothesized to help encourage more diversity within healthcare practitioners and more understanding of diverse communities. Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of using diverse and inclusive images in educational materials on health professions students. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 54 health professions students recruited from a convenience sample were shown two brief educational videos: one with traditional images and one with more inclusive images. The order in which participants were shown the videos was randomized. After each video, each participant completed a questionnaire about their perceptions of the images used in the video, including 19 closed-ended questions and three open-ended questions. Results This study found that images traditionally used in educational materials fail to reflect the diversity of the population with only 17% of the Non-Caucasian and/or Hispanic group reporting feeling represented. Additionally, participants found diverse images more suitable for learning than traditional images (83% vs. 68%) and more reflective of students and future patients (70% reporting representation). Conclusions This study highlights the need to intentionally include diverse and representative images in educational materials. Accurate representation within images in health professions education is important for empowering learners to embrace diversity and care for all individuals.

Loujain Sharif, Khalid Almutairi, Ibrahim Alnasser et al.

Abstract Background Nurses often face significant emotional distress and grief when dealing with patient deaths, especially in acute hospital settings. Despite extensive literature offering guidance on nursing practices for providing optimal care to terminally ill patients and their grieving families, there is a scarcity of empirical research examining nurses’ experiences of grief following patient deaths in Middle Eastern contexts. This study aimed to assess the relationship between grief and coping strategies among nurses experiencing patient death in an acute hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online survey distributed to nurses at King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital in Jeddah. Data from 382 nurses were analyzed using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses, Pearson’s chi-square test, Student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, and regression analysis were employed to examine the associations between grief levels, coping strategies, and various socio-demographic and professional characteristics. Results Among the participants, 80% were aged 25–40 years, and 50% were married. Most nurses (85.4%) reported normal levels of grief. Coping strategies’ mean scores ranged from 2.60 to 5.52. Grief levels showed significant correlations with nationality, received support, and intervention type. Nurses with high or severe grief levels had significantly higher mean scores for problem-focused, emotion-focused, and avoidant coping strategies (p < 0.001). A significant positive linear correlation was found between total coping scores and total grief scores. Regression analysis indicated that 21.3% of the variance in total coping scores was explained by total grief scores. Conclusions The study highlights that while nurses employ personal coping strategies, there is a need for additional, culturally tailored support to manage grief effectively. Implementing structured support systems may enhance nurses’ coping mechanisms and overall well-being when facing patient deaths.

M. Graça Pereira, Martim Santos, Renata Magalhães et al.

University students are at increased risk of developing burnout and psychological distress from high academic workloads and performance expectations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between psychological and lifestyle variables and academic burnout, as well as to identify burnout risk profiles in psychology students. This study used a cross-sectional design and included 274 Portuguese psychology students, the majority being undergraduates (72.6%). Participants were assessed on psychological well-being, psychological distress, difficulties in emotional regulation, type of diet, physical activity, sleep quality, and burnout. The results showed that psychological distress, difficulties in emotional regulation, and sleep quality were positively associated with burnout, while psychological well-being was negatively associated. Using machine learning algorithms, two distinct profiles were found: “Burnout Risk” and “No Risk”. A total of 62 participants were identified as belonging to the burnout risk profile, showing higher levels of distress, emotional regulation difficulties, poor psychological well-being and sleep quality, pro-inflammatory diet, and less physical activity. The accuracy of the three machine learning models—Random Forest, XGBoost, and Support Vector Machine—was 95.06%, 93.82%, and 97.53%, respectively. These results suggest the importance of health promotion within university settings, together with mental health strategies focused on adaptive psychological functioning, to prevent the risk of burnout.

Fangliang Zou, Yi Fang, Yanshan Lin et al.

Abstract Background Patients undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) experience significant psychological distress due to infertility, with depression and anxiety being the most common manifestations. This study investigates the influence of family support and self-efficacy on the mental health of patients undergoing in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF-ET). The aim is to assess the direct and indirect effects of family function and self-efficacy on depression and anxiety in IVF-ET patients through pathway analyses, thereby providing novel insights for improving patients’ psychological well-being. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to July 2021, employing convenience sampling to recruit 291 participants from a tertiary care hospital’s reproductive medicine center. Data were collected using the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Family APGAR index (APGAR), and a Demographic Characteristics Form. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis were performed. A Structural Equation Model (SEM) was utilized for pathway analysis to evaluate the direct and indirect influences of family function and self-efficacy on anxiety and depression. Results The scores for the SAS and SDS were 46.15 ± 7.35 and 51.71 ± 8.65, respectively. Multiple regression analysis indicated that family function, self-efficacy, and economic status significantly predicted anxiety and depression. Path analysis revealed that economic status directly (β=-0.447, -0.232) and indirectly (β=-0.066, -0.068) affected anxiety and depression, while family function both directly and indirectly affected depression (β=-0.323, -0.104), directly affected anxiety (β=-0.351), and self-efficacy directly influenced only depression (β=-0.509). Conclusion The findings underscore the pivotal role of a supportive family environment and self-efficacy in alleviating anxiety and depression among IVF-ET patients. The mediating role of family function between economic status and mental health highlights the importance of integrated support systems. Enhancing family function and self-efficacy as part of comprehensive care for individuals undergoing ART is crucial for promoting patient well-being.

D. Friedman, S. West, B. Munoz et al.

Mayara dos Santos Barbosa, Lívia Maria Lopes Ferreira, Raphael Raniere de Oliveira Costa et al.

ABSTRACT Objective: To construct and validate clinical simulation scenarios for emergency care for patients with chest pain. Methods: A methodological study carried out in two stages: construction and validity. The construction took place through the survey of evidence from national and international literature. The validity stage took place through instrument assessment by judges, according to the Content Validity Index and application of a pilot test with the target audience. Fifteen judges with expertise in simulation, teaching and/or care participated in the research, in addition to 18 nursing students, in the pilot test. Results: Two scenarios of clinical simulation were constructed, and all the assessed items obtained a value above 0.80, showing evidence of validity, being considered instruments suitable for application. Conclusion: The research contributed to the development and validity of instruments that can be applied for teaching, assessment and training in clinical simulation in emergency care for patients with chest pain.

C. Estabrooks, W. Midodzi, G. Cummings et al.

M. Leininger

M. McEwen, E. M. Wills

RODOLFO TORRES DE LOS SANTOS, Miriam Hernández-Rodríguez, Ma. Guadalupe González-Netro et al.

Introducción: La cantidad de adultos mayores se ha incrementado por lo que las familias se encuentran ante el reto del cuidado; por lo que es necesario el apoyo social para que el cuidador no presente sobrecarga y no afecte los cuidados que proporciona y por ende la calidad de vida del adulto mayor. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del apoyo social y la sobrecarga del cuidador en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor. Metodología: estudio correlacional, muestra de 151 adultos mayores con su cuidador. Se aplicaron dos encuestas sociodemográficas una para el adulto mayor y otra para el cuidador, test de Zarit, cuestionario Duke-Unk, cuestionario Whoql – Bref, índice de Barthel. Resultados: Los cuidadores son hijas (27.8%), edad media de 49 años, el 45.69% cuenta con empleo, dedican de 9 a 12 horas de cuidado (33.77%), el 50.3% presenta sobrecarga. Los adultos mayores son mujeres (51%), edad media de 69 años, el 54.4% padece enfermedades crónico-degenerativa, el 39.7% percibe apoyo social bajo y el 100% tiene alteración de la calidad de vida. Se encontró asociación entre apoyo social y calidad de vida (p<0.05) Discusión: Estos resultados contribuyen a comprender el impacto que tiene la sobrecarga del cuidador en sí mismos y el apoyo social en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor. En este sentido el profesional de enfermería debe establecer planes de cuidado con una visión de atención integral, que incluya al adulto mayor y a su cuidador, con la finalidad de mejorar la calidad de vida de ambos.   Abstract Introduction: The number of older adults has increased so that families are faced with the challenge of care; therefore, social support is necessary so that the caregiver does not present overload and does not affect the care provided and therefore the quality of life of the elderly. Objective: To determine the influence of social support and caregiver overload on the quality of life of the elderly. Methodology: correlational study, sample of 151 older adults with their caregiver. Two sociodemographic surveys were applied, one for the elderly and the other for the caregiver, Zarit test, Duke-Unk test, Whoql – Bref test and Barthel index. Results: The caregivers are daughters (27.8%), mean age 49 years, 45.69% have a job, dedicate 9 to 12 hours of care (33.77%), 50.3% present overload. Older adults are women (51%), mean age 69 years, 54.4% suffer from chronic degenerative diseases, 39.7% perceive low social support and 100% have an alteration in the quality of life. An association was found between social support and quality of life (p <0.05). Discussion: These results contribute to understanding the impact that caregiver overload has on themselves and social support on the quality of life of the elderly. In this sense, the nursing professional must establish care plans with a vision of comprehensive care, which includes the elderly and their caregivers, to improve the quality of life of both.

Chirajyoti Deb, Allan N. Salinas, Tianyu Zheng et al.

Abstract Upon infection with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, most people will develop no or mild symptoms. However, a small percentage of the population will become severely ill, and some will succumb to death. The clinical severity of COVID-19 has a close connection to the dysregulation of the patient’s immune functions. We previously developed a simple, nanoparticle-enabled blood test that can determine the humoral immune status in animals. In this study, we applied this new test to analyze the immune function in relation to disease severity in COVID-19 patients. From the testing of 153 COVID-19 patient samples and 142 negative controls, we detected a drastic decrease of humoral immunity in COVID-19 patients who developed moderate to severe symptoms, but not in patients with no or mild symptoms. The new test may be potentially used to monitor the immunity change and predict the clinical risk of patients with COVID-19.

Jiyoung Park, Gill A. Ten Hoor, Seolhyang Baek et al.

Purpose This study aimed to systematically develop an obesity prevention program for adolescents to promote healthy eating and physical activity in schools. Methods The development of the Let's Eat Healthy and Move at School program for adolescents followed the six steps of intervention mapping (IM). IM is a widely used protocol for developing systematic and effective interventions based on theories and evidence. Results To better understand the problem and identify the needs of adolescents, interviews were conducted with teachers, school nurses, and students (step 1). In step 2, the desired behaviors and their determinants were established and combined into a matrix comprising 16 change objectives. In step 3, theoretical methods such as persuasive communication and consciousness-raising were chosen. The program was segmented into three educational activity sessions in step 4. In step 5, an implementation manual was developed for program instructors to ensure effective and accurate implementation. Finally, practices for evaluating the program's effectiveness and procedures were designed in step 6. Conclusion The Let’s Eat Healthy and Move at School program will provide adolescents with guidelines to promote healthy living and prevent obesity in everyday life using strategies for sustainable adolescent obesity prevention and management.

Binyamin Ben Avraham, Marisa Generosa Crespo‐Leiro, Gerasimos Filippatos et al.

Abstract The accepted use of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) technology as a good alternative for the treatment of patients with advanced heart failure together with the improved survival of the LVAD‐supported patients on the device and the scarcity of donor hearts has significantly increased the population of LVAD‐supported patients. The expected and non‐expected device‐related and patient–device interaction complications impose a significant burden on the medical system exceeding the capacity of the LVAD implanting centres. The ageing of the LVAD‐supported patients, mainly those supported with the ‘destination therapy’ indication, increases the risk for those patients to experience comorbidities common in the older population. The probability of an LVAD‐supported patient presenting with medical emergency to a local emergency department, internal, or surgical ward of a non‐LVAD implanting centre is increasing. The purpose of this trilogy is to supply the immediate tools needed by the non‐LVAD specialized physician: ambulance clinicians, emergency ward physicians, general cardiologists, internists, anaesthesiologists, and surgeons, to comply with the medical needs of this fast‐growing population of LVAD‐supported patients. The different issues discussed will follow the patient's pathway from the ambulance to the emergency department and from the emergency department to the internal or surgical wards and eventually to the discharge home from the hospital back to the general practitioner. In this first part of the trilogy on the management of LVAD‐supported patients for the non‐LVAD specialist healthcare provider, after the introduction on the assist devices technology in general, definitions and structured approach to the assessment of the LVAD‐supported patient in the ambulance and emergency department is presented including cardiopulmonary resuscitation for LVAD‐supported patients.

Mailson Marques de Sousa, Bernadete de Lourdes André Gouveia, Taciana da Costa Farias Almeida et al.

Objetivo: construir e validar instrumento para medir a intenção comportamental de reduzir o consumo de sal na dieta em pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca. Materiais e métodos: estudo metodológico, fundamentado na Theory of Planned Behavior, desenvolvido em três etapas: construção do instrumento, validação de conteúdo com juízes especialistas e validaçãosemântica com 30 pessoas da população-alvo, de março a setembro de 2018, no município de João Pessoa, Brasil. Resultados: participaram da validação de conteúdo seis juízes especialistas. O instrumento conta com 30 itens distribuídos nos construtos atitude, norma subjetiva e controle comportamental percebido. O índice de validade de conteúdo mostrouse satisfatório (≥ 80 %). Na validação semântica, o instrumento foi considerado claro e compreensível. Conclusões: como produto, dispõe-se de instrumento válido quanto ao seu conteúdo e compreensão, podendo ser aplicado em estudo-piloto para avaliar sua qualidade psicométrica em medir o comportamento de interesse no contexto da insuficiência cardíaca.

A. Mark Clarfield, A. Mark Clarfield, Tzvi Dwolatzky et al.

The distribution of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has reached pandemic proportions. While COVID-19 can affect anyone, it is particularly hazardous for those with “co-morbidities.” Older age is an especially strong and independent risk factor for hospital and ICU admission, mechanical ventilation and death. Health systems must protect persons at any age while paying particular attention to those with risk factors. However, essential freedoms must be respected and social/psychological needs met for those shielded. The example of the older population in Israel may provide interesting public health lessons. Relatively speaking, Israel is a demographically young country, with only 11.5% of its population 65 years and older as compared with the OECD average of &gt;17%. As well, a lower proportion of older persons is in long-term institutions in Israel than in most other OECD countries. The initiation of a national program to protect older residents of nursing homes and more latterly, a successful vaccine program has resulted in relatively low rates of serious COVID-19 related disease and mortality in Israel. However, the global situation remains unstable and the older population remains at risk. The rollout of efficacious vaccines is in progress but it will probably take years to cover the world's population, especially those living in low- and middle-income countries. Every effort must be made not to leave these poorer countries behind. Marrying the principles of public health (care of the population) with those of geriatric medicine (care of the older individual) offers the best way forward.

B. Kalisch, R. Williams

K. Weaver, J. Olson