Context and background
Watershed natural resources are the major sources of community livelihoods and are also used as an indicator of socioeconomic development thus they need to be conserved for sustainable productivity. Community participation and stakeholders involvement is significant in controlling degradation of this valuable natural resources. A knowledge gap therefore exist on what factors influence their participation in watershed management programs and activities.
Goals and objective
Several factors that influences community participation have been studied and have been found to vary from one watershed to another. Hence the purpose of this study was to assess the factors influencing community participation in watershed management in upper gucha watershed, Kisii County, Kenya.
Methodology
The methodologies used include mapping and delineating the boundaries of the watershed using Google Earth satellite images and digitizing using ArcGis software version 10.5. Descriptive survey design and a sample size of 354 household heads was utilized. Survey method was used to collect data via questionnaires. Mean, frequency, and weighted average were used to analyze data. Pie charts, bar graphs and tables were method used to present data.
Results
The results established that factors such as extension services, watershed management groups, awareness, training, and derived benefits positively influenced community participation. In contrast, cultural practices, attitudes, and farm size did not have a significant impact. The study recommended implementing policies that encourage stakeholder’s collaboration and incorporating economic benefits into conservation programs, in order to increase community participation and manage watersheds effectively.
Monitoring the structural deformation of bridge with high precision during the operation process is crucial for assessing its health. This study proposes a practical strategy for jointly measuring multi-scale periodic dynamic deformation in bridges using both spaceborne and ground-based Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technologies. The proposed strategy involves extracting seasonal periodic deformation by applying thermal expansion components with spaceborne Persistent Scatterer InSAR (PS-InSAR) and capturing daily periodic deformation using a two-stage atmospheric phase screen compensation ground-based InSAR method. This study focuses on a double-tower cable-stayed and rigid frame system bridge to investigate the spatiotemporal evolution of bridge multi-scale periodic dynamic deformation patterns. The monitoring results indicate that the geometric state and deformation pattern of the bridge remained stable, exhibiting significant seasonal and daily dynamic deformations that were either positively or negatively correlated with temperature changes. Seasonal periodic deformation captured by spaceborne InSAR showed maximum displacements near expansion joints, while tower deformation remained constrained within ±5 mm. Daily periodic deformation captured by ground-based InSAR revealed significant displacements at the bridge tower top, contrasting with minimal deformation of ±2 mm near fixed bearings. These deformations exhibited significant correlations with temperature changes. Both the deformation trend and magnitude confirmed to the computational results of the bridge structure design.
Urban change detection faces critical challenges in capturing comprehensive transformations across morphological, environmental, social, and economic dimensions. Knowledge graphs demonstrate exceptional compatibility with multimodal geospatial data, providing a novel approach for change detection. However, existing knowledge graphs are predominantly static and lack deep fusion between features, limiting their direct application to change detection. To address these limitations, this study proposes an urban change detection method based on multimodal data and knowledge graph technology. First, the study develops a multimodal bitemporal urban knowledge graph (MBUKG) that integrates multimodal geographical data. Second, the study proposes a dual cross-attention knowledge representation learning (DCKRL) framework to derive knowledge graph entity vectors. Finally, the study constructs change rate indicators based on cosine similarity to quantify the extent of changes in grid entities between 2017 and 2023, thereby enabling urban change detection. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed framework, achieving an F1 score of 0.917. The DCKRL framework exhibits robust performance with a Hit@10 value of 0.670. The findings reveal that MBUKG successfully integrates multimodal data with different temporal attributes, while DCKRL effectively captures intricate relationships among entities. The proposed method can provide scientific support for urban planning.
The status of National park was adopted in Algeria in 1921, during French colonisation, within the framework of the forestry law in force. It was renewed as is, after 1962 by independent Algeria and placed under the supervision of the Ministry of Agriculture, in its general forestry directorate. In 1983, it was redefined in the first national law on the environment, then, from 2011, in that of protected areas, within the framework of sustainable development. All Algerian national parks are created under the forestry regime and agricultural administration, with the exception of a single case where they are attached to the cultural sector: that of Tassili and Ahaggar, both located in the extreme south of the Sahara, including the Tuareg customary domain of Kel Ajjer and Kel Ahaggar. A particular case, linked to the process of administrative construction of the Saharan space. It is following the adoption of paradigm of sustainable development and a new law on the protection of cultural heritage , that this particularism has disappeared, with the introduction of a new legal category of protection, called “parc culturel”, based on the principle of “indissociability” between culture and nature, an innovative notion which has not yet acquired the conceptual force necessary to achieve the required stabilization and social appropriation, hence the difficulty of its translation into operational tools.
The industrial complexes that handle dangerous products with flammable characteristics have been the cause of great misfortunes when sudden explosions are generated, either due to mechanical failures or human negligence. The Monteverde Gas Complex (MGC), located in the province of Santa Elena in Ecuador, represents a potential risk by housing close to 105,000 m3 of precursor gases such as Propane (PPN), Butane (BTN), and LPG finished product. Therefore, an analysis of the potential threat to which the population is exposed in case of the explosion of one of the tanks with the different products they contain has been carried out, considering the closest communes to the MGC, which are Monteverde and Jambelí. Tools such as the Probit method proposed by TNO (The Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research), and the ALOHA software of the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency, USA) were used, whose combinations allowed estimating the radius of influence, which were divided into zones according to the degree of impact on the community. The results demonstrated that the community of Monteverde, despite being more than 1 km away from the CGM, is within the red zone or high influence radius that corresponds to 2000 meters for propane and butane tanks. Whitin this area, a person could have fatal third-degree burns. The calculations have been performed under ideal conditions, so it is recommended to review the attenuations generated by natural elevations of the terrain or the direction of the wind in further studies
Éric Masson, Jean-Baptiste Litot, Edwige Motte
et al.
This article presents a tool developed to enable spatialized decision support and GIS-assisted cartography. Called RAIE (Repulsion, Attraction, Inclusion, Exclusion), this tool allows an interviewee or a group, during interviews, to produce maps in a GIS from a declarative ontology. Showing the challenges and spatial constraints of different actors for the location of a strategic site, RAIE also provides a common database of geographic data and map production, contributing to a spatialized multicriteria decision.
New private decision support services for the land sector propose an innovative map. They collect public territorial data, process them and insert them into technological devices for land and property developers. We postulate that innovation, and its adoption in the land sector, comes from a systematic interaction between technology and use. We will rely on an observation of the conditions under which the land map is produced, and on an analysis of the steps involved in processing geographical information in order to characterize these interactions.
Urban network research has become the frontier academic field of international urban research and has gradually become a hot spot. At present, the related literature on “urban network” mostly focuses on conceptual discussion, dimension analysis, and network structure analysis. Research on the influence of network on regional economic development is relatively weak. Externality, as an essential attribute of urban network, is of great significance to the evolution of urban network and the development of cities and regions. This article starts from a comparison of agglomeration externalities with urban network externalities, focusing on the review and evaluation of the formation mechanism, utility, and measurement methods of urban network externalities.The synergy effect, integration effect, and borrowing size are considered important reasons for the formation of urban network externalities. The research on the effectiveness of urban network externalities focuses on two aspects. The first is the role of factor mobility in promoting knowledge diffusion and innovation, and the second is the impact of urban network on competitiveness and economic growth. Based on the existing literatures, the research on the measurement of urban network externalities mainly involves identification and estimation, including three common methods as correlation analysis, regression analysis, and spatial econometric analysis. The existing empirical researches on externalities are still mostly based on static analysis and lack dynamic consideration. The issues that need further attention in the future include theoretical understanding of urban network externalities, externality measurement methods, and empirical research.
In this study, the development of rinnenkarren systems is analyzed. During the field studies, 36 rinnenkarren systems were investigated. The width and depth were measured at every 10 cm on the main channels and then shape was calculated to these places (the quotient of channel width and depth). Water flow was performed on artificial rinnenkarren system. A relation was looked for between the density of tributary channels and the average shape of the main channel, between the distance of tributary channels from each other and the shape of a given place of the main channel. The density and total length of the tributary channels on the lower and upper sections of the main channels being narrow at their lower end (11 pieces) and being wide at their lower end (10 pieces) of the rinnenkarren systems were calculated as well as their average proportional distance from the lower end of the main channel. The number of channel hollows was determined on the lower and upper sections of these main channels. It can be stated that the average shape of the main channel calculated to its total length depends on the density of the tributary channels and on the distance of tributary channels from each other. The main channel shape is smaller if less water flows on the floor for a long time because of the small density of the tributary channels and the great distance between the tributary channels. In this case, the channel deepens, but it does not widen. The width of the main channel depends on the number and location of the rivulets developing on channel-free relief. The main channel becomes narrow towards its lower end if the tributary rivulets are denser and longer on the upper part of the main rivulet developing on the channel-free, plain terrain and their distance is larger compared to the lower end. The channel hollows develop mainly at those places where the later developing tributary channels are hanging above the floor of the main channel. Thus, the former ones are younger than the latter ones. It can be stated that the morphology of the main channels (shape, channel hollows, and width changes of the main channel) is determined by the tributary channels (their number, location and age).
Ithri AIT Hou, Loubna EL MANSOURI, Kamal BENADDOU ELIDRISSI
et al.
In Cote d’Ivoire, as in many African countries, social tensions are frequently linked to a crisis of the rule of property law. These socio-legal conflicts are referred to by various names depending on their subject matter or the time and place in which they arise: law crises, the weakness of the State apparatus, the unsuitability and failure of institutions, and so on. However, in the majority of cases, these conflicts stem from a common phenomenon: weak land tenure security, or more precisely, land insecurity. The awareness of the magnitude of the problem of securing land tenure and its formalization through the "PAMOFOR" project (in which we participated as a research group and technical land operator), leads us to ask the following questions: How can we master the analysis of land governance and land tenure security in Côte d'Ivoire? And what is its current state? Indeed, an assessment of land governance in Cote d’Ivoire is required. To accomplish this goal, the LGAF tool was used as the foundation of a highly participatory approach to systematically analyzing various aspects of land governance. The goal is to identify best practices and reach agreement on priority areas for land administration improvement. The analysis' findings enable stakeholders to address key governance gaps and develop a clear roadmap for improving land governance.
Space is a product of society. Driven by industrialization, urbanization, informatization and government policies, China’s rural space is undergoing drastic reconstruction. As one of the core contents of international rural geography research, rural space research are multi-disciplinary, multi perspective, multi-dimensional and multi-method, forming a rich research field. In order to comprehensively grasp the progress of rural space research abroad, this study reviewed international rural space research literature in recent 40 years. The study found that foreign scholars described the connotation of rural space from the aspects of material, imagination and practice, emphasize the importance of daily life practice. It introduced living space to construct a more systematic research framework of rural space by establishing a “three-fold model of rural space”. With regard to the theoretical perspective, international research on rural space has experienced three stages: functionalism, political economics and social constructivism. In the evolution of time, it has realized the transformation from productivism to post-productivism; in the spatial dimension, it realizes the multiple superposition of settlement space, economic space, social space and cultural space. As a whole, international research on rural space has realized the transformation from material level to social representation, from objective space to subjective space, and from static one-dimensional space to dynamic multi-dimensional space, which enlightens us on the importance of interdisciplinary research and “social cultural” research on rural space. The construction of rural space in China needs to pay attention to the subject status of farmers and multifunction of rural space, respect the role of locality and difference of various places, and recover the function of production of meaning of rural space.
In this study, the development of rinnenkarren systems is analyzed. During the field studies, 36 rinnenkarren systems were investigated. The width and depth were measured at every 10 cm on the main channels and then shape was calculated to these places (the quotient of channel width and depth). Water flow was performed on artificial rinnenkarren system. A relation was looked for between the density of tributary channels and the average shape of the main channel, between the distance of tributary channels from each other and the shape of a given place of the main channel. The density and total length of the tributary channels on the lower and upper sections of the main channels being narrow at their lower end (11 pieces) and being wide at their lower end (10 pieces) of the rinnenkarren systems were calculated as well as their average proportional distance from the lower end of the main channel. The number of channel hollows was determined on the lower and upper sections of these main channels. It can be stated that the average shape of the main channel calculated to its total length depends on the density of the tributary channels and on the distance of tributary channels from each other. The main channel shape is smaller if less water flows on the floor for a long time because of the small density of the tributary channels and the great distance between the tributary channels. In this case, the channel deepens, but it does not widen. The width of the main channel depends on the number and location of the rivulets developing on channel-free relief. The main channel becomes narrow towards its lower end if the tributary rivulets are denser and longer on the upper part of the main rivulet developing on the channel-free, plain terrain and their distance is larger compared to the lower end. The channel hollows develop mainly at those places where the later developing tributary channels are hanging above the floor of the main channel. Thus, the former ones are younger than the latter ones. It can be stated that the morphology of the main channels (shape, channel hollows, and width changes of the main channel) is determined by the tributary channels (their number, location and age).
The increasing availability of devices to capture the position of moving objects (and other environmental information) leads to a very large amount and variety of mobility data. In order to obtain important information about the objects, their behavior or the environment of the objects, an automatic analysis is required. This article highlights current research questions in the context of the analysis of mobility data and presents them on the basis of work carried out at the Institute of Cartography and Geoinformatics (ikg) at Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany. A focus is put on the analysis and exploitation of information from Mobile Mapping vehicles.
Este estudo foi realizado a partir de uma leitura de cópias de mapas antigos do Brasil, da América do Sul e das Américas, entre os anos de 1500 a 1800, e fez parte do Projeto Etnocartografi as do São Francisco. A partir dele é possível
reconhecer como de um mapa antigo a outro, o rio São Francisco foi sendo inscrito e escrito por diferentes cartógrafos,
durante os primeiros séculos de colonização, comparando-o com outros traços, riscos, desenhos sinuosos e representações. Trata-se de uma análise geográfi ca e antropológica de como o rio São Francisco foi sendo representado em
mapas antigos desde a chegada dos primeiros europeus às Américas.
Francisco Dantas Nobre Neto, Cláudio de Souza Baptista, Cláudio Elízio Calazans Campelo
Predicting the destination and the route that someone is likely to take is useful for various purposes, such as to prevent people from going through congested routes. Most of existing approaches to this prediction problem only consider geographic patterns within their models, although this appears to be not enough for creating a robust predictor. This paper proposes an approach to improving the task of predicting route and destination which makes use of further semantic information associated with destinations and routes, apart from location patterns. Our model does not require user's active interaction and is able to automatically identify stay points (i.e., places users visit) and type of places. We evaluated our model with real world data collected from users' smartphones and obtained promising results.
Due to climate change, floods, wildfires and other extreme weather events are becoming more frequent and intense. This scenario poses a challenge for current risk management systems. I-REACT project aims to develop
a solution through the integration and modelling of data coming multiple sources. Information from European monitoring systems, earth observations, historical information and weather forecasts will be combined
with data gathered by new technological developments created by I-REACT. These include a mobile app and a social media analysis tool to account for real-timeccrowdsourced information, wearables to improvecpositioning, as well as augmented reality glasses to facilitate reporting and information visualisation by first responders. With this approach, I-REACT will be able
to empower stakeholders in the prevention and management of disasters. Citizens will be involved in reporting first-hand information, policymakers will be supported in the decision-making process, and first responders will
be equipped with essential tools for early warning and response. At the same time, private companies could leverage specific set of I-REACT components to improve their business, when linked to disaster management.
Overall, I-REACT aims to be a European-wide contribution to build more secure and resilient societies to disasters.
Analyzed the basic principles of the assessment of agricultural property within the major
world evaluation standards and their impact on evaluation standards in Ukraine..