Post-quantum cryptography (PQC) is crucial for securing data against emerging quantum threats. However, its algorithms are computationally complex and difficult to implement efficiently on hardware. In this paper, we explore the potential of Large Language Models (LLMs) to accelerate the hardware-software co-design process for PQC, with a focus on the FALCON digital signature scheme. We present a novel framework that leverages LLMs to analyze PQC algorithms, identify performance-critical components, and generate candidate hardware descriptions for FPGA implementation. We present the first quantitative comparison between LLM-driven synthesis and conventional HLS-based approaches for low-level compute-intensive kernels in FALCON, showing that human-in-the-loop LLM-generated accelerators can achieve up to 2.6x speedup in kernel execution time with shorter critical paths, while highlighting trade-offs in resource utilization and power consumption. Our results suggest that LLMs can minimize design effort and development time by automating FPGA accelerator design iterations for PQC algorithms, offering a promising new direction for rapid and adaptive PQC accelerator design on FPGAs.
This research examines whether a machine, specifically artificial intelligence (AI), can be creative by comparing design solutions for a practical competition – a light fixture for a pediatric waiting room – among AI, collaboration efforts and a human designer. Amazon Mechanical Turk and Prolific workers observed the design solutions throughout the design process, from sketches (
$ S $
) to three-dimensional renderings (
$ 3D $
) to fully developed models in virtual waiting rooms (
$ VR $
). Using the well-established Creative Product Semantic Scale (CPSS), the workers rated each design solution in three distinctive stages –
$ S $
,
$ 3D $
and
$ VR $
– on three criteria – novelty (freshness or newness), resolution (relevance and logic) and style (craftsmanship and desirability). Despite some demographic discrepancies, the workers expressed general senses of happiness and calmness, resonating with the competition’s requirements. Statistical results of CPSS ratings revealed that while AI excelled in style for
$ 3D $
, the human designer outperformed in novelty for both
$ S $
and
$ VR $
. Collaboration efforts surprisingly finished last. Such findings challenge current assumptions of AI’s creative ability in design research and highlight the need to be agile in the age of disruptive technologies. This research also offers guidance for product and interior designers and educators on thoughtfully integrating AI into the design process.
Erin Chambers, Brittany Terese Fasy, Erfan Hosseini Sereshgi
et al.
Reeb graphs are simple topological descriptors with applications in many areas like topological data analysis and computational geometry. Despite their prevalence, visualization of Reeb graphs has received less attention. In this paper, we bridge an essential gap in the literature by exploring the complexity of drawing Reeb graphs. Specifically, we demonstrate that Reeb graph crossing number minimization is NP-hard, both for straight-lined and curved edges. On the other hand, we identify specific classes of Reeb graphs, namely paths and caterpillars, for which crossing-free drawings exist. We also give an optimal algorithm for drawing cycle-shaped Reeb graphs with the least number of crossings and provide initial observations on the complexities of drawing multi-cycle Reeb graphs. We hope that this work establishes the foundation for an understanding of the graph drawing challenges inherent in Reeb graph visualization and paves the way for future work in this area.
The Mu2e experiment at Fermilab will search for the charged lepton flavour violating process of coherent neutrinoless muon-to-electron conversion in the presence of an aluminum nucleus. The muons are produced by an 8 GeV proton beam from the Fermilab Booster striking a production target to create hadrons that decay to muons. The production target design space is strongly constrained by a required one-year operating lifetime and the need for radiative cooling in a vacuum. Uncertainties in the lifetime of the existing baseline design - a monolithic, segmented tungsten (WL10) target - are large, particularly due to unknown effects of radiation damage at the very high proton fluences expected in the experiment. We have begun evaluating a new design utilizing Inconel 718. Here, we present an engineering analysis of a prototype modular design. specifically thermal management, structural stability, fatigue lifetime, and fabrication changes. The results approve a promising new target design for the Mu2e experiment.
Identifying the regions of a learning resource that a learner pays attention to is crucial for assessing the material's impact and improving its design and related support systems. Saliency detection in videos addresses the automatic recognition of attention-drawing regions in single frames. In educational settings, the recognition of pertinent regions in a video's visual stream can enhance content accessibility and information retrieval tasks such as video segmentation, navigation, and summarization. Such advancements can pave the way for the development of advanced AI-assisted technologies that support learning with greater efficacy. However, this task becomes particularly challenging for educational videos due to the combination of unique characteristics such as text, voice, illustrations, animations, and more. To the best of our knowledge, there is currently no study that evaluates saliency detection approaches in educational videos. In this paper, we address this gap by evaluating four state-of-the-art saliency detection approaches for educational videos. We reproduce the original studies and explore the replication capabilities for general-purpose (non-educational) datasets. Then, we investigate the generalization capabilities of the models and evaluate their performance on educational videos. We conduct a comprehensive analysis to identify common failure scenarios and possible areas of improvement. Our experimental results show that educational videos remain a challenging context for generic video saliency detection models.
Pemanfaatan Aplikasi CorelDRAW, Sebagai Media, Pembelajaran Pada
et al.
The Corel Draw application as a learning medium aims to support students' creative spirit. The use of CorelDRAW is able to support student creativity by acting as a means for expressing creative ideas, as well as arousing curiosity so that students' creativity continues to develop while carrying out independent learning activities. Good for management students who use the CorelDRAW application as advertising design media (advertising promotion design). The Corel Draw application can be used as an indispensable medium for every student, both independently and for college assignments. The method used is a literature study by reviewing 11 journals and 2 theses that are most relevant to the research topic. CorelDRAW was chosen because it has tools for creating vector objects, drawing illustrations, manipulating bitmap images, giving effects, and creating and creating text. With these capabilities, CorelDRAW is considered a suitable medium for students to use to support creativity in their independent learning activities. The research results show that the use of CorelDRAW can increase student creativity. This is proven by the benefits students get after mastering the CorelDRAW application
Can the EU be held legally responsible for its contributions to human rights harms in its Integrated Border Management policy? Or do systemic legal design flaws in the EU's human rights responsibility regime give rise to a significant responsibility gap? This book delves into these pressing questions, offering a transversal analysis of applicable legal frameworks under international and EU law. Divided into three parts, the book first analyses the international and EU human rights responsibility frameworks, revealing both ‘normative incongruency’ as well as ‘liability incongruency’. Part two applies these frameworks to specific illustrations within the four tiers of the EU’s Integrated Border Management, exposing the critical points where responsibility falters. Building on these findings and drawing from shared responsibility and relationality theories, part three briefly introduces 'Relational Human Rights Responsibility' as an alternative method to ascertaining human rights responsibility of the EU specifically, and international organisations more generally.
Master the fundamentals of complex marine systems with this introduction to marine dynamics, vibrations, hydrodynamics, and stochastic processes. It connects key theoretical concepts, including as the velocity potential, impulsive force and L'Hospital's rule, to real-world marine engineering applications such as such as marine platform dynamics, extreme motions and exceedance probabilities, and includes over 60 multi-part end-of-chapter problems, building from simplified questions to advanced exercises, enabling students to grow in confidence towards solving complex questions. Students will gain a deep understanding effective design and safe operation of offshore systems and ocean resources; and is supported by downloadable Matlab code, and online solutions for instructors. Including over 300 full-colour illustrations and worked examples, drawing on the author's 45 years of teaching experience in marine dynamics, this textbook provides the ideal introduction to marine dynamics for senior undergraduate and graduate students in marine engineering, and is a comprehensive reference for practitioners in industry.
Las artes audiovisuales y el diseño en comunicación visual siempre tuvieron muchas cosas en común, pero nunca como hoy en día en donde el diseñador participa en casi todas la etapas de elaboración de un film. Su tarea en esta industria es tan importante que, sin él, faltarían muchos de los elementos que la caracterizan: los títulos de crédito, los pósters, las marcas de productoras y distribuidoras, los ploteos de los vehículos promocionales, etc. Al mismo tiempo el diseño en comunicación visual desde hace tiempo incluye -no sólo elementos gráficos estáticos - sino también diseños con movimiento, que conlleva a que también esté presente mediante animaciones y efectos visuales en distintas instancias de la producción fílmica. El póster, a su vez, ha sido por décadas el único y mejor referente de las producciones audiovisuales pero no hay duda de que su rol actual en la industria audiovisual exige una revisión que lo reivindique.
Electronic design engineers are challenged to find relevant information efficiently for a myriad of tasks within design construction, verification and technology development. Large language models (LLM) have the potential to help improve productivity by serving as conversational agents that effectively function as subject-matter experts. In this paper we demonstrate Ask-EDA, a chat agent designed to serve as a 24x7 expert available to provide guidance to design engineers. Ask-EDA leverages LLM, hybrid retrieval augmented generation (RAG) and abbreviation de-hallucination (ADH) techniques to deliver more relevant and accurate responses. We curated three evaluation datasets, namely q2a-100, cmds-100 and abbr-100. Each dataset is tailored to assess a distinct aspect: general design question answering, design command handling and abbreviation resolution. We demonstrated that hybrid RAG offers over a 40% improvement in Recall on the q2a-100 dataset and over a 60% improvement on the cmds-100 dataset compared to not using RAG, while ADH yields over a 70% enhancement in Recall on the abbr-100 dataset. The evaluation results show that Ask-EDA can effectively respond to design-related inquiries.
Jayden Rogers, Niyaz Shakeel, Divya Mankani
et al.
The hardware security community relies on databases of known vulnerabilities and open-source designs to develop formal verification methods for identifying hardware security flaws. While there are plenty of open-source designs and verification tools, there is a gap in open-source properties addressing these flaws, making it difficult to reproduce prior work and slowing research. This paper aims to bridge that gap. We provide SystemVerilog Assertions for four common designs: OR1200, Hack@DAC 2018's buggy PULPissimo SoC, Hack@DAC 2019's CVA6, and Hack@DAC 2021's buggy OpenPiton SoCs. The properties are organized by design and tagged with details about the security flaws and the implicated CWE. To encourage more property reporting, we describe the methodology we use when crafting properties.
У статті розкриваються у хронологічному контексті особливості розвитку архітектурної спадщини середмістя Києва. Теоретичною базою дослідження є праці вітчизняних і закордонних культурологів, урбаністів, геоурбаністів. Київ є одним із міст не лише України, але й усього регіону Центральної та Східної Європи, що характеризується наявністю великого за площею, багатого та «глибокого» за історією середмістя. До того ж київське середмістя не обмежується, як у багатьох інших містах України, власне історичним центром, а є більш широким поняттям, яке охоплює ті райони столиці, де присутній неповторний «дух» Києва. Установлено, що Київ має вельми глибинну історію архітектурної забудови історичного середмістя. Архітектурна спадщина Києва в часи до ХХ століття представлена у хронологічному вимірі за такими періодами: ІХ – перша половина ХІІІ століття (Київська Русь), ХІV–XVІ століття (литовсько-польський період), перша половина XVІІ століття (відбудова Києва в період митрополита Петра Могили), друга половина XVІІ – XVІІІ століття (період Гетьманщини), ХІХ століття (імперський період). Києво-руський період охоплює часи від легендарного «міста Кия» на Старокиївській горі до міст Володимира і Ярослава, які охоплюють сучасне Старе місто. Паралельно із цим розвивався ремісничий анклав на Подолі та релігійно-адміністративний – на Печерську. Монгольська навала в 1240 році відкинула розвиток Києва на кілька століть назад. Литовсько-польська доба характеризувалася географічним розширенням середмістя Києва, більш активною забудовою Подолу, Кудрявця, Печерська. Починаючи з ХVІІІ і все ХІХ століття середмістя розширювалося в південному і західному напрямках. Водночас зазнавала змін і київська архітектура, змінювалася її стильова специфіка (середньовічні стилі – бароко – модерн), зростала поверховість, відбувалася диференціація вулиць і окремих будівель. Зрештою, ХХ століття було ознаменовано завершенням оформлення київського середмістя практично в нинішньому вигляді.
The development of students’ critical and creative thinking skills is at the core of the first-semester basic design studio. Students’ perceptual experiences of their environment form the key references of abstraction in this beginning phase. This paper inquires studio approach based on abstraction and mapping as tools for intertwining visual reasoning and bodily experiences in the design process. Focusing on the case study of a basic design studio assignment, the authors analyze the structure, application, and products of the “Urban Abstraction and Mapping” project. The study adopted the case-study method as part of qualitative research approach and dwelled on researchers’ first-hand interaction with a phenomenon within its real-life context, ARCH/MIM101 studios. The findings showed that abstraction and mapping strategies based on students’ bodily experiences in urban contexts raised awareness of design as a generative and iterative research process. Students who were able to reveal and reconstruct the relationship between different forms of knowledge through experiential and conceptual levels of the design process managed to develop heuristic 2D and 3D design strategies. The findings of this study provide a ground for discussions on the effectiveness of teaching/learning methods applied in the introductory level of design education.
Este ensayo visual confronta la idea predominante en la historia del diseño gráfico de que el éxito en la carrera de un diseñador se mide por la presencia de la voz del autor. Esto se examina a través del trabajo de Fátima Rolo Duarte, diseñadora del sello discográfico Emi-Valentim de Carvalho.
Leonardo Springer, Rafael Pozo Puértolas, Antonio Bajanca
This applied research developed within the framework of a Portuguese Higher Education Institution. Its purpose is to assess academic practice in the context of a curricular unit in a graphic design degree course. This practice has been developed within three complementary perspectives: (a) the pedagogical concept and the proposed design exercise; (b) the selection of paper processes and materials used; (c) the design and structural definition of the graphic product. The purpose of this research is to describe the activity criteria from each perspective, exposing realization guidelines presented to students in designing a specific graphic product, from ideation, design process, and estimation of a feasible production. All this from the analysis of the proposed activity and evaluation of the prototype that represents Paper-pop-up design.
Making technology design inclusive requires facing multiple challenges in different dimensions: the populations we work with, who we are, what interaction possibilities we consider, and what context we examine. We reflect on these challenges and propose two main measures to achieve research inclusiveness.
In an ever more connected world, awareness has grown towards the hazards and vulnerabilities that the networking on sensitive digitized information pose for all parties involved. This vulnerability rests in a number of factors, both human and technical.From an ethical perspective, this means people seeking to maximise their own gain, and accomplish their goals through exploiting information existing in cyber space at the expense of other individuals and parties. One matter that is yet to be fully explored is the eventuality of not only financial information and other sensitive material being globally connected on the information highways, but also the people themselves as physical beings. Humans are natural born cyborgs who have integrated technology into their being throughout history. Issues of cyber security are extended to cybernetic security, which not only has severe ethical implications for how we, policy makers, academics, scientists, designers etc., define ethics in relation to humanity and human rights, but also the security and safety of merged organic and artificial systems and ecosystems.
We take a critical lens toward the pursuit of racially inclusive language technologies and identify several areas necessitating future work. We discuss the potential harms of conversational technologies, outline three challenges that arise in inclusive design, and lastly, argue that conversational user interface designers and researchers should go beyond racially inclusive design toward anti-racist and race positive designs.