Hasil untuk "Transportation and communication"

Matúš Nečas, Tomáš Ranuša, Dušan Maga et al.

In this study is presented a system for real-time precipitation measurement integrating the laser disdrometer with adaptive control. The system manages large sensor data streams dynamically, enhancing robustness and accuracy under intense weather conditions. Meteorological inputs, combined with communication, enable scalable infrastructure supporting automated safety interventions. Experimental deployment showed improved data fidelity, anomaly detection, and detailed analysis of drop size and velocity distributions. The approach advances intelligent transportation safety and operational reliability through comprehensive environmental sensing and real-time adaptive data processing.

Talia J. Panadero, Mikayla O. Castellon, Edwin M. Jacobo et al.

Introduction: To combat persistent health and social disparities, the VA Greater Los Angeles and its community partners piloted a novel vocational rehabilitation program that employed persons who have experienced homelessness (PEHs) as app-based food deliverers. The program focused on removing barriers to employment, providing subsidized electronic bicycles for deliveries and personal use; “priority status” as deliverers; and access to financial literacy coaching. We aimed to characterize program experiences, with a lens toward program scale-up. Methods: We conducted semi-structured interviews with a convenience sample of 6 participants and 5 vocational rehabilitation staff. Interviews explored motivations to participate (among participants), and program strengths/challenges. Data were analyzed using rapid qualitative methods. Results: PEHs reported high motivation to participate due to the e-bike and flexible scheduling of work duties. Interviewees reported positive program impacts including: financial relief; reduced transportation barriers; and improved mental health. Suggesting for improvement included enhanced technical support (with the app and e-bike); improved communication among program partners; and more individualized employment opportunities. Conclusions: These data suggest the value of this novel vocational rehabilitation model for PEHs. Specific recommendations for program scale-up include a centralized platform for participant technical support requests; and regular communication and data sharing agreements between implementation partners.

Sylvester Kaimba, Eric Umar

Abstract Background Sepsis is defined as invasion of pathogens into the blood stream together with the host response to this invasion. Thus, sepsis consists of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)caused by infection. It is a life-threatening condition that requires prompt detection and early definitive medical intervention. Globally, sepsis is common, with an estimated 31.5 million cases per year. Sepsis accounts for a significant in-hospital mortality rate of 17% in high-income countries, while in Malawi, it ranges from 17 to 50%. For Malawi, the trend can be reversed with improvements in patient referral system within the healthcare system. The study sets out to establish factors associate with delay referral of patients with sepsis from primary healthcare to tertiary hospitals and to understand healthcare workers and patients’ perspectives on barriers associated with delayed referral of patients with sepsis from primary to tertiary healthcare. Methods A qualitative descriptive study in six health centres within Blantyre District health office. In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 respondents: healthcare providers [n = 12]; patients [n = 10] using semi-structured interview guides. Purposive sampling techniques were used in selecting healthcare providers (health centre in charges) and patients. Results The study demonstrating that the main referral pathways for patients with sepsis include community-to-facility and facility-to-facility referrals. Ambulances and personal transport are common transportation mode used during referrals. Primary care facilities face several challenges that delay referrals from primary to tertiary health facility of patients with sepsis, such as lack of referral transport, poor communication, poor road network, shortage of skilled healthcare workers, patient preferences, delayed treatment-seeking action, and ambulances prioritising maternal conditions. Conclusions Patients’ delay and failure to access prompt and timely referral services result from the healthcare system’s lack of transport, communication problems, bad road networks and shortage of well-trained personnel. Referral delays have deleterious effects on patient-care outcomes.

Yashar Farajpour, Armin Lotfy, Hicham Chaoui et al.

Energy Management Strategies (EMS) are critical for optimizing energy utilization, improving performance, and reducing environmental impact in Electric Vehicles (EVs) and Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs). This study aims to address the growing complexities in EMS development by introducing a novel classification framework that organizes existing methodologies into rule-based, optimization-based, and intelligent transportation system (ITS)-based approaches. The research systematically explores the influence of advanced powertrain architectures and charging technologies on EMS objectives. Recent advancements, such as the integration of machine learning, predictive controls, and multi-objective optimization, are analyzed to highlight their contributions to addressing challenges in modern electrified transportation systems. Key findings demonstrate the importance of emerging trends like vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication and renewable energy integration in enhancing EMS capabilities. The study concludes by emphasizing the necessity of adaptive and innovative solutions to meet the increasing demands of energy-efficient and sustainable transportation. This work provides a comprehensive and objective representation of current advancements, offering insights to guide future research and practical applications in the field.

Luigi Assom

This study presents an unsupervised method to infer discreteness, syntax and temporal structures of fruit-bats vocalizations, as a case study of graded vocal systems, and evaluates the complexity of communication patterns in relation with behavioral context. The method improved the baseline for unsupervised labeling of vocal units (i.e. syllables) through manifold learning, by investigating how dimensionality reduction on mel-spectrograms affects labeling, and comparing it with unsupervised labels based on acoustic similarity. We then encoded vocalizations as syllabic sequences to analyze the type of syntax, and extracted the Maximal Repetitions (MRs) to evaluate syntactical structures. We found evidence for: i) associative syntax, rather than combinatorial (context classification is unaffected by permutation of sequences, F 1 > 0.9); ii) context-dependent use of syllables (Wilcoxon rank-sum tests, p-value < 0.05); iii) heavy-tail distribution of MRs (truncated power-law, exponent α < 2), indicative of mechanism encoding combinatorial complexity. Analysis of MRs and syllabic transition networks revealed that mother-pupil interactions were characterized by repetitions, while communication in conflict-contexts exhibited higher complexity (longer MRs and more interconnected vocal sequences) than non-agonistic contexts. We propose that communicative complexity is higher in scenarios of disagreement, reflecting lower compressibility of information.

Yiqiao Li, Andre Y.C. Tok, Guoliang Feng et al.

California possesses multiple major freight gateway and logistics facilities that serve both the state and the entire U.S. But the economic, environmental, and local community impacts of trucks, especially heavy-duty trucks that are currently essential to our supply chains and freight transportation system remain poorly measured due to the lack of comprehensive and detailed truck activity data. This paper describes the pilot implementation of the real-time, scalable, and cost-efficient Freight Mobility Living Laboratory (FML2). This system provides truck characterizations across multiple attributes, such as truck body types, axle-based and Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR)-based classification and is currently deployed at 30 detection locations in Southern California along major freight corridors to support freight modeling and analysis needs. This paper details the design of the FML2 from edge data processing, predictive model development, communication architecture, and backend data storage to the real-time data dashboard to visualize the classification results. Three case studies have been presented at the end of the paper to demonstrate the potential of FML2 for use by both researchers and practitioners to gain further insights on truck activities.

Mohamed Elassy, Mohammed Al-Hattab, Maen Takruri et al.

Intelligent Transportation Systems are rapidly expanding to meet the growing demand for safer, more efficient, and sustainable transportation solutions. These systems encompass various applications, from traffic management and control to autonomous vehicles, aiming to enhance mobility experiences while addressing urbanization challenges. This paper examines key components of Intelligent Transportation Systems, including Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks, Intelligent Traffic Lights, Virtual Traffic Lights, and Mobility Prediction, emphasizing their role in improving transportation efficiency, safety, and sustainability. It explores recent advancements in communication systems that enable real-time Intelligent Transportation Systems operations, contributing to the realization of environmentally friendly smart cities.Moreover, the paper addresses security challenges associated with Intelligent Transportation Systems deployment, particularly concerning public transit privacy, and presents case studies illustrating the benefits of Intelligent Transportation Systems integration in specific urban areas, emphasizing its role in fostering Sustainable Smart Cities. Additionally, it examines proactive initiatives by automotive manufacturers in adhering to Intelligent Transportation Systems standards, ensuring mutual benefits for drivers and urban centers.

Víctor Sámano-Ortega, Omar Arzate-Rivas, Juan Martínez-Nolasco et al.

Today, maintaining an Internet connection is indispensable; as an example, we can refer to IoT applications that can be found in fields such as environmental monitoring, smart manufacturing, healthcare, smart buildings, smart homes, transportation, energy, and others. The critical elements in IoT applications are both the Wireless Sensor Nodes (WSn) and the Wireless Sensor Networks. It is essential to state that designing an application demands a particular design of a WSn, which represents an important time consumption during the process. In line with this observation, our work describes the development of a modular WSn (MWSn) built with digital processing, wireless communication, and power supply subsystems. Then, we reduce the WSn-implementing process into the design of its modular sensing subsystem. This would allow the development and launching processes of IoT applications across different fields to become faster and easier. Our proposal presents a versatile communication between the sensing modules and the MWSn using one- or two-wired communication protocols, such as I²C. To validate the efficiency and versatility of our proposal, we present two IoT-based remote monitoring applications.

Jonas Ney, Patrick Matalla, Vincent Lauinger et al.

In this work, we present a high-throughput field programmable gate array (FPGA) demonstrator of an artificial neural network (ANN)-based equalizer. The equalization is performed and illustrated in real-time for a 30 GBd, two-level pulse amplitude modulation (PAM2) optical communication system.

Masoud Shokrnezhad, Hamidreza Mazandarani, Tarik Taleb et al.

In the context of emerging 6G services, the realization of everything-to-everything interactions involving a myriad of physical and digital entities presents a crucial challenge. This challenge is exacerbated by resource scarcity in communication infrastructures, necessitating innovative solutions for effective service implementation. Exploring the potential of Semantic Communications (SemCom) to enhance point-to-point physical layer efficiency shows great promise in addressing this challenge. However, achieving efficient SemCom requires overcoming the significant hurdle of knowledge sharing between semantic decoders and encoders, particularly in the dynamic and non-stationary environment with stringent end-to-end quality requirements. To bridge this gap in existing literature, this paper introduces the Knowledge Base Management And Orchestration (KB-MANO) framework. Rooted in the concepts of Computing-Network Convergence (CNC) and lifelong learning, KB-MANO is crafted for the allocation of network and computing resources dedicated to updating and redistributing KBs across the system. The primary objective is to minimize the impact of knowledge management activities on actual service provisioning. A proof-of-concept is proposed to showcase the integration of KB-MANO with resource allocation in radio access networks. Finally, the paper offers insights into future research directions, emphasizing the transformative potential of semantic-oriented communication systems in the realm of 6G technology.

Lu Shen, Benjamin Henson, Long Shi et al.

In this work we present a full-duplex (FD) underwater acoustic (UWA) communication system simultaneously transmitting and receiving acoustic signals in the same frequency bandwidth. To simplify the FD hardware, the system exploits a recently designed two-element transducer capable of simultaneously transmitting and receiving signals. The key challenge of implementing an FD system is to cancel the strong self-interference (SI) from the near-end transmitter. By using advanced adaptive filtering algorithms providing high accuracy channel estimates, a high level of SI cancellation can be achieved when the far-end signal is absent. However, the SI channel estimation performance is limited in FD scenarios since the far-end signal acts as an interference. In this paper, we propose an FD UWA communication system which alternates between the SI cancellation and far-end data demodulation. An adaptive Rake combiner with multipath interference cancellation is implemented to improve the demodulation performance in time-varying multipath channels. The performance of the FD UWA system is evaluated in lake experiments. The proposed adaptive Rake combiner with multipath interference cancellation significantly outperforms the conventional Rake combiner in all the experiments. With the new Rake combiner, the detection performance of the proposed FD UWA system is comparable with that of the half-duplex system.

Yesim Can Saglam, Sibel Yildiz Çankaya, Ismail Golgeci et al.

W. Brown

Federico de Andreis, Ubaldo Comite, Federico Maria Sottoriva et al.

M. Saranya, N. Archana

Vyacheslav Ivanov, Saygid Uvaysov, Ilya Ivanov et al.

George Tsinarakis, Victor Kouloumpis, Anastasia Pavlidou et al.

Data was collected using standard communication equipment and invoices provided by an established civil construction and renewable energy development and operation company. Data referring to the construction, costings, operation and environmental impacts of a photovoltaic farm were recorded into four distinct Excel files namely: i) Project Management Data, ii) Life Cycle Inventory (LCI), iii) Electricity Generation Data and iv) Operational Cost Data.For the project management, the given quantities of the resources used in each activity could be further combined with the costs from different geographical and time regions to estimate overall project implementation costs for similar projects. The LCI data for the materials and transportation used can set the basis for life cycle assessment modelling of ground-mounted photovoltaic farms of that size and type. The electricity generation data along with meteorological parameters and location coordinates can be further enhanced to predict and manage energy generation and cashflow of expectations installations of this type and size over time. Finally, the data referring to a number of cost categories(‘maintenance costs’, ‘operational costs’, ‘insurance costs’ and ‘any other costs’), especially combined with the previously mentioned types of data could support a holistic technoeconomic and environmental assessment of comparable commercial photovoltaic installations.In addition, these data can be used for a comparative multi-disciplinary evaluation between photovoltaics and among various renewable electricity generation alternatives and traditional fossil fuel-based options as well.

Phyllis Dako-Gyeke, Ruby Hornuvo, Franklin N. Glozah et al.

IntroductionIn Ghana, the National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) distributes long-lasting insecticide net (LLIN) to households for free through the periodic point mass distribution (PMD) campaign and continuous distribution to populations most vulnerable to malaria. It is known that the existence of effective and functional community-based groups could influence positive behaviours regarding health interventions promoted through health campaigns. However, there is no evidence of functional community-based groups that aim to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution campaigns by transitioning into primary healthcare delivery. This study aimed to explore the opportunities and barriers to the pilot implementation of co-created community health advocacy teams (CHATs) to improve the effectiveness of LLIN distribution through both campaigns and continuous channels in Ghana.MethodsA qualitative research approach was used among 43 CHAT members across six communities in the Eastern and Volta regions of Ghana. The CHAT constitutes significant community actors whose roles are centred on key elements of community/social mobilisation and capacity building, all nested in social and behaviour change communication (SBCC) strategies. The CHATs were pilot implemented in all study communities for 4 months after which we identified opportunities and barriers during implementation. CHAT members participated in six focus group discussions which were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed thematically using the NVivo 13.ResultsCHATs were instrumental in sensitising community members through SBCC strategies. Moreover, there were changes in the behaviour of community members who were receptive towards and participated in CHAT activities. Community members were accurately informed about malaria (e.g., causes and preventive measures). However, the CHAT experienced barriers during implementation, including a lack of financial support to aid in transportation, organisation of meetings, and outreach activities. Additionally, the level of participation by CHAT members in activities and the medium of communication among members were key areas of concern.ConclusionThe CHATs would be instrumental in promoting LLINs' use during and after PMD campaigns through community outreaches. It is therefore necessary to provide resources to support their operations and a good network to address communication barriers. Finally, continuous capacity strengthening of CHAT members by the NMCP is important.

Thorsten Wild, Artjom Grudnitsky, Silvio Mandelli et al.

Integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) will be deployed into cellular communication systems possibly already with 5G-A and surely in 6G. This paper discusses ISAC use cases, key technology building blocks for system design with solutions and open research questions. Furthermore, we introduce our proof-of-concept (PoC) based on commercially available 5G communications hardware at mm-Wave frequencies, with sensing-specific algorithmic extensions. This new ISAC PoC can perform jointly high data-rate communications and OFDM radar sensing in the same frequency band. Initial pedestrian detection results are shown, indicating the practicability of ISAC in future cellular networks. The results also indicate our achievable sensing range and provide hints to the achievable range estimation accuracy, based on the stability of the PoC system communications hardware.

Milica Petkovic, Aleksandra Cvetkovic, Milan Narandzic

This paper presents an analysis of the asymmetric relaying system which provides communication between hybrid outdoor sub-system and indoor visible light communications (VLC) access points. The outdoor sub-system represents a hybrid radio-frequency (RF)/free-space optical (FSO) system, introduced to reduce the impact of weather conditions on transmission quality. Closed-form outage probability analytical expression is derived. Numerical results are presented and confirmed by Monte Carlo simulations. The effects of system and channel parameters on the outage probability performance are investigated and discussed. Greater optical transmitted power of the VLC subsystem reflects in better system performance, as well as lower indoor environment height. When the indoor room is higher, the propagation of the optical signal is longer, and there will be greater power dissipation and performance deterioration. In addition, the outage probability floor is noticed, which is important limiting factor for relaying system design.