Hasil untuk "Labor. Work. Working class"

Jean-Yves Bonnefond, Yves Clot, Thomas Coutrot et al.

“Can subordination really be reduced in the workplace here and now, or is this idea simply naïve and ultimately wrong if the aim is to revolutionise the social ends of production as defined by the capitalist class structure?” A “controversy” centres on this question, which was initially formulated by Yves Clot and is principally addressed to certain types of work. It allows participants to clarify their points of view, their differences and their convergences in relation to a series of theoretical and political questions associated with approaches aimed at transforming work and the current or potential role of trade union organisations in this area.

Anders Buch

EunJeong Cheon, Ingrid Erickson

The introduction of algorithms into a large number of industries has already restructured the landscape of work and threatens to continue. While a growing body of CSCW research centered on the future of work has begun to document these shifts, relatively little is known about workers' experiences beyond those of platform-mediated gig workers. In this paper, we turn to a traditional work sector, Amazon fulfillment centers (FC), to deepen our field's empirical examination of algorithmic management. Drawing on two years of ethnographic research, we show how FC workers react to managers' interventions, imposed productivity rates, and quantified objectification when subjected to labor-tracking systems in their physical work environments. Situating FC workers' resistance to algorithmic systems and metrics within the current CSCW literature allows us to explicate and link the nuanced practices of FC workers to the larger discourse of algorithmic control mechanisms. In addition, we show how FC workers' resistance practices are emblematic of 'work games'--a long-studied means by which workers agentically configure ("trick") their engagement within work systems. We argue that gaining a more nuanced understanding of workers' resistance and consent in relation to algorithmic management expands our ability to critique and potentially disassemble the economic and political forces at the root of these sociotechnical labor systems.

Jens-Joris Decorte, Jeroen Van Hautte, Chris Develder et al.

Labor market analysis relies on extracting insights from job advertisements, which provide valuable yet unstructured information on job titles and corresponding skill requirements. While state-of-the-art methods for skill extraction achieve strong performance, they depend on large language models (LLMs), which are computationally expensive and slow. In this paper, we propose \textbf{ConTeXT-match}, a novel contrastive learning approach with token-level attention that is well-suited for the extreme multi-label classification task of skill classification. \textbf{ConTeXT-match} significantly improves skill extraction efficiency and performance, achieving state-of-the-art results with a lightweight bi-encoder model. To support robust evaluation, we introduce \textbf{Skill-XL}, a new benchmark with exhaustive, sentence-level skill annotations that explicitly address the redundancy in the large label space. Finally, we present \textbf{JobBERT V2}, an improved job title normalization model that leverages extracted skills to produce high-quality job title representations. Experiments demonstrate that our models are efficient, accurate, and scalable, making them ideal for large-scale, real-time labor market analysis.

Lauren Benjamin Mushro

This paper examines gender stratification in the Latin American data annotation gig economy, with a particular focus on the "triple burden" shouldered by women: unpaid care responsibilities, economic precarity, and the volatility of platform-mediated labor. Data annotation, once lauded as a democratizing force within the global gig economy, has evolved into a segmented labor market characterized by low wages, limited protections, and unequal access to higher-skilled annotation tasks. Drawing on an exploratory survey of 30 Latin American data annotators, supplemented by qualitative accounts and comparative secondary literature, this study situates female annotators within broader debates in labor economics, including segmentation theory, monopsony power in platform labor, and the reserve army of labor. Findings indicate that women are disproportionately drawn into annotation due to caregiving obligations and political-economic instability in countries such as Venezuela, Colombia, and Peru. Respondents highlight low pay, irregular access to tasks, and lack of benefits as central challenges, while also expressing ambivalence about whether their work is valued relative to male counterparts. By framing annotation as both a gendered survival strategy and a critical input in the global artificial intelligence supply chain, this paper argues for the recognition of annotation as skilled labor and for regulatory interventions that address platform accountability, wage suppression, and regional inequalities.

Suraj Deshmukh, Sougata Guha, Basudha Roy et al.

Designing a miniature microscale engine that can override the role of thermal fluctuations has remained elusive and is an important open challenge. Here we provide the design and theoretical framework for a unique information-based engine - a work-to-work converter - comprising a sub-micron size bead and motor protein-microtubule (MT) complex in an optical trap setup. We demonstrate how by implementing a simple motor protein state-dependent feedback protocol of the optical trap stiffness, this engine is able to harness and convert the movement of a motor protein into work output. Unlike other conventional microengines, the fidelity and performance of this engine is determined by the stochasticity of motor (un)binding characteristics. We obtain an analytical form of the work distribution function, average work output and average power output, providing quantitative predictions for engine performance which are validated by stochastic simulations. Remarkably, the average work output per cycle is at least an order of magnitude higher than the thermal fluctuations and supersedes the performance of other microscale engines realized so far.

Sanchaita Hazra, Bodhisattwa Prasad Majumder, Tuhin Chakrabarty

Current efforts in AI safety prioritize filtering harmful content, preventing manipulation of human behavior, and eliminating existential risks in cybersecurity or biosecurity. While pressing, this narrow focus overlooks critical human-centric considerations that shape the long-term trajectory of a society. In this position paper, we identify the risks of overlooking the impact of AI on the future of work and recommend comprehensive transition support towards the evolution of meaningful labor with human agency. Through the lens of economic theories, we highlight the intertemporal impacts of AI on human livelihood and the structural changes in labor markets that exacerbate income inequality. Additionally, the closed-source approach of major stakeholders in AI development resembles rent-seeking behavior through exploiting resources, breeding mediocrity in creative labor, and monopolizing innovation. To address this, we argue in favor of a robust international copyright anatomy supported by implementing collective licensing that ensures fair compensation mechanisms for using data to train AI models. We strongly recommend a pro-worker framework of global AI governance to enhance shared prosperity and economic justice while reducing technical debt.

Jose Quintana, Alejandro Ramos, Moises Diaz et al.

Supercapacitors are increasingly used as energy storage elements. Unlike batteries, their state of charge has a considerable influence on their voltage in normal operation, allowing them to work from zero to their maximum voltage. In this work, a theoretical and practical analysis is proposed of the energy efficiency of these devices according to their working voltages. To this end, several supercapacitors were subjected to charge and discharge cycles until the measurements of current and voltage stabilized. At this point their energy efficiency was calculated. These charge-discharge cycles were carried out: i) without rest between charging and discharging; and ii) with a rest of several minutes between the two stages. Using the information obtained from the tests, the energy efficiency is shown plotted against the minimum and maximum working voltages. By consulting the data and the graphs, the ideal working voltages to optimize the energy efficiency of these devices can be obtained.

Robert van der Veen, Loek Groot

The thesis of a capitalist road to communism (van der Veen and Van Parijs, 1986) asserts that Marx realm of freedom can be reached from within welfare capitalism, skipping socialism, by using a tax-financed unconditional basic income until it is close to disposable income per head, so that the very distinction between paid work and free time is cancelled as a result. We revisit and update this thesis for two reasons: the recent prospect of a post-labor society following the automation revolution in technology, and that welfare capitalism has become more inegalitarian and less hospitable to basic income. We use a simple economic model which incorporates an upward adjustment of basic income to labor-saving technical change and distinguishes between capital that complements labor and capital that is fully substitutable with labor. A baseline simulation of the model shows the economic feasibility of a capitalist transition to communism. Two versions of a scenario incorporating interplay between technical change and market socialist institutional reforms are set out which make the transition politically viable to some extent, depending on the social distribution of power over technology. The most promising version is one in which the productivity of labor and automation capital grow at similar rates. We show in which respects it approximates the ideal of communism. One finding is that communism does not require reaching the final stage of a post-labor society. We conclude with a reflection on the relevance of our present update for the more immediate future of unconditional basic income.

Alice Qian Zhang, Judith Amores, Mary L. Gray et al.

Behind the scenes of maintaining the safety of technology products from harmful and illegal digital content lies unrecognized human labor. The recent rise in the use of generative AI technologies and the accelerating demands to meet responsible AI (RAI) aims necessitates an increased focus on the labor behind such efforts in the age of AI. This study investigates the nature and challenges of content work that supports RAI efforts, or "RAI content work," that span content moderation, data labeling, and red teaming -- through the lived experiences of content workers. We conduct a formative survey and semi-structured interview studies to develop a conceptualization of RAI content work and a subsequent framework of recommendations for providing holistic support for content workers. We validate our recommendations through a series of workshops with content workers and derive considerations for and examples of implementing such recommendations. We discuss how our framework may guide future innovation to support the well-being and professional development of the RAI content workforce.

Anna Mountford-Zimdars, Jeffrey K. Grim

Elite university admissions are administered by a range of organizational actors depending on national and institutional contexts. While the outcomes of high-stakes elite university admissions have been studied extensively, the opaque admissions selection process remains undertheorized and understood. Using theories of professions and systems theory to examine unique qualitative interview data from admissions selectors in both the U.S. and England, this paper sheds light on the opaque decision-making of elite university admissions shaped by professional contexts and organizational dynamics. We find that the self-regulated profession of professors and the less autonomous professional staff selectors influence the decision-making processes of elite university admissions. Understanding elite university admissions based on the macro/meso-context of professions and their organizational system structure offers a theoretically original approach for future research and the potential to create more equitable admissions processes through new change strategies.

Eliane Juraski Camillo, Dante Henrique Moura

O presente artigo debruçou-se, pelas vias da pesquisa bibliográfica, na tarefa de desenvolver um breve panorama histórico acerca da evolução da categoria Trabalho, contemplando elementos do pensamento marxiano até a atualidade marcada pela sua precarização, no bojo da Economia do Compartilhamento (EC), modalidade econômica que vem exacerbando a uberização do trabalho. Ao recorrer à teoria marxista, nós, pesquisadora e pesquisador anã/anão, tentamos subir em ombros de autores e autoras gigantes, no afã de enxergar um pouco mais além as nuances que montam o vasto caleidoscópio que envolve a temática. Afinal, o que é o trabalho? Como podemos defini-lo? Que elementos não poderiam ser desprezados ao se montar um breve panorama histórico acerca de sua evolução, desde as elaborações de Marx e Engels até a atualidade, marcada pela uberização e precarização?

Eren Güvenilir, Fatih Ozaydin, Özgür E. Müstecaplıoğlu et al.

We consider a semi-classical heat engine with a $q$-deformed quantum oscillator working substance and classical thermal baths. We investigate the influence of the quantum statistical deformation parameter $q$ on the work and efficiency of the engine. In usual heat engines, a Hamiltonian parameter is varied during the work injection and extraction stages while the quantum statistical character of the working substance remains fixed. We point out that even if the Hamiltonian parameters are not changing, work can be harvested by quantum statistical changes of the working substance. Work extraction from thermal resources using quantum statistical mutations of the working substance makes a semi-classical engine cycle without any classical analog. As a concrete example of such a semi-classical heat engine with a profound quantum character, we consider the Otto cycle and use the deformation parameter to define the isentropic steps while keeping the Hamiltonian parameters constant. We verify that our conclusion applies to both bosonic and fermionic oscillator deformations.

Krittiya Kantachote, Nathakhun Wiroonsri

Thailand has entered into an aging society since the year 2000. Using the 2017 Survey of the Older Persons in Thailand collected by Thailand National Statistical Office, this study uses cross tabulation, random forest with variable importance measure and lasso logistic regression to examine factors that have effects on the elderly's decision to remain in the labor market after retirement. This study reveals that these following variables: age, education level, healthcare eligibility, marital status, health condition, total assets, gender, residential type, percent of elderly in the household, and number of children have strong influences on an elderly's desire to continue work. By knowing which factors contribute to the elderly wish to continue work in the market, this research allows for future prediction of the labor market that can accommodate elderly in Thailand. Our final models of random forest and lasso logistic regression provide prediction accuracy of 68.19 and 69.58 percent on the elderly's desire to work, respectively. This study has a significant impact as policymakers can utilize our models in predicting elderly's desire to work after retirement age and design a labor market that can accommodate elderly in Thailand in the future.

Vlad Rusu

It is our pleasure to present the papers of the sixth Working Formal Methods Symposium (FROM 2022) held at the "Al. I. Cuza" university of Iasi, Romania on September 19-20, 2022. FROM aims to bring together researchers and practitioners who work on formal methods by contributing new theoretical results, methods, techniques, and frameworks, and/or make the formal methods to work by creating or using software tools that apply theoretical contributions. The program committee chose five contributions and four invited presentations, one of which was shared with the co-located 28th Workshop on Logic, Language, Information and Computation (WoLLIC 2022). Two of the contributions deal with Matching Logic, an expressive logical framework where the formal definitions of programming languages and other logics can be embedded. Other contributions deal with distributed systems, multi-agent systems, and teaching formal methods. The invited talks present work broadly consistent with these topics.

Hande Aksöz Yılmaz

This study investigates the effect of immigration and foreign direct investment on trade within the framework of factor mobility. Hence, we used annual data, spanning the period of 2000–2018, and immigration flows to Turkey’s major trade partners (Germany, France, Italy, UK, and the United States). The inward foreign direct investment flows to Turkey from these countries. However, exchange rates, foreign employment, globalization index, and political stability index variables affect trade. The findings show that migration flows from Turkey to five countries and have more impact on trade, compared to inward foreign direct investment to Turkey overthe period of 2000–2018. Furthermore, when the fundamental assumptions of traditional foreign trade theories are ignored, parallel results are obtained, indicating that factor movements and trade are complementary.

Geralda Maria de Bem, Cícero Nilton Moreira da Silva, Maria Auricélia Gadelha Reges

A educação é fator primordial na vida do ser humano. Conforme Freire (2013), é humanizadora e conscientizadora. Freire aborda dois tipos de educação: a educação bancária, alicerçada no ensino transmissivo e fragmentário, tendo os educandos como receptores; e a outra, emancipatória, que compreende os educandos como seres ativos e reflexivos. Objetivou-se, neste artigo, refletir sobre as concepções de educação e formação docente. Utilizou-se como metodologia a pesquisa bibliográfica, a partir de Freire (2000, 2005, 2009, 2013), Imbernón (2016), Lopes e Amorim (2018), Scocuglia (2019). Freire defende uma formação permanente para os educadores, tendo em vista que o ser humano é um ser inconcluso, inacabado, necessitando compreender e acompanhar as mudanças que ocorrem na vida, no sistema educacional e nas relações que se estabelecem entre os homens e entre educação e sociedade. Concluímos, portanto, que a formação permanente é imprescindível ao trabalho docente, pois por meio dela o educador torna-se capaz de desenvolver sua prática pedagógica em que estejam presentes o diálogo, a escuta e o respeito aos diferentes saberes como elementos que contribuirão para uma leitura da realidade capaz de transformá-la.

David Barker, Matteo Scandi, Sebastian Lehmann et al.

We study experimentally work fluctuations in a Szilard engine that extracts work from information encoded as the occupancy of an electron level in a semiconductor quantum dot. We show that as the average work extracted per bit of information increases towards the Landauer limit $k_BT \ln 2$, the work fluctuations decrease in accordance with the work fluctuation-dissipation relation. We compare the results to a protocol without measurement and feedback and show that when no information is used, the work output and fluctuations vanish simultaneously contrasting the information-to-energy conversion case where increasing amount of work is produced with decreasing fluctuations. Our work highlights the importance of fluctuations in the design of information-to-work conversion processes.

Maria de Fatima Felix Rosar

O artigo aborda as relações entre capital, trabalho e desenvolvimento humano, enfatizando processos de produção e exploração da força de trabalho. Trata da indústria sustentada pelo trabalho de crianças, mulheres e homens, da reestruturação produtiva e seus efeitos sobre a subjetividade humana. Revisita textos de Marx sobre as necessidades humanas no capitalismo e as necessidades qualitativas possíveis no pós-capitalismo. Destaca a exploração dos trabalhadores, sob formas violentas e edulcoradas, propondo reflexões para se resistir ao reducionismo da perspectiva de desenvolvimento humano.

Ecléa Vanessa Canei Baccin, Eneida Oto Shiroma

O Reconhecimento de Saberes e Competências (RSC) visa à concessão de uma equivalência à Retribuição por Titulação para fins de remuneração dos docentes do magistério do Ensino Básico, Técnico e Tecnológico. Com base no método materialista histórico, analisamos documentos e entrevistas para resgatar o processo histórico de criação do RSC, focando na resistência e nos conflitos entre governos e sindicatos. Mais que um mecanismo de certificação de práticas docentes, o RSC é um dispositivo político que tende a desmobilizar a categoria docente e a institucionalizar a quebra da isonomia salarial.