Hasil untuk "Industries. Land use. Labor"

Saiful Anwar, Ega Rusanti, Dewi Rahmawati Maulidiyah

This study aims to examine whether the adoption of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) Standards enhances carbon emission disclosure among banks in Indonesia. Furthermore, it provides empirical evidence that the presence of women on boards moderates the relationship between GRI adoption and carbon emission disclosure. The study was conducted on 40 conventional and Islamic banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the period 2015–2021. The analysis employs Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression, with robustness tests conducted using alternative measurement variables to ensure the consistency of the results. The findings consistently demonstrate that the adoption of GRI Standards positively influences carbon emission disclosure in Indonesian banks. The presence of women on boards promotes banks’ engagement in global climate change agendas, aligning with the implementation of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 5, 8, and 13. This study reinforces stakeholder theory and Critical Mass Theory, indicating that a minimum threshold of female board members is necessary to influence strategic decisions, particularly in encouraging voluntary disclosures such as carbon emission reporting. Notably, the study also finds that carbon emission disclosure is valued by banking stakeholders in Indonesia. Therefore, policymakers are encouraged to establish regulations that mandate GRI adoption and ensure a minimum representation of women in strategic decision-making positions within the banking sector.

Kadir Aden, Sadik Aden Dirir

Transportation has a profound effect on the environment, aggravating air pollution, climate change, and natural resource depletion. Additionally, the construction and maintenance of transportation infrastructure contribute to deforestation and habitat loss. Therefore, the aim of this research is to investigate the correlation between c02 emissions, natural resource depletion, trade, FDI inflow and transportation in a chosen number of eastern Asian countries, with a unique perspective of examining the influence of institutional qualities as a moderator among these factors. The analysis involves the utilization of CS-ARDL and dumitrescu-hurlin causality test to examine the data. The findings suggest that institutional qualities have a positive impact on the relationship between c02 emissions and transportation, reversing the negative association. Additionally, trade has a negative correlation with transportation, this can be explained by the fact that weak institutional quality can lead to corruption and a lack of transparency, which can discourage foreign investment and trade in the transportation sector. On the other hand, resource depletion and FDI inflows affect negatively the transportation services in East Asian countries. Therefore, the study highlights the significance of effective governance, regulation, and management of institutions in promoting better transportation planning and coordination, ultimately leading to sustainable transportation service.

Yuhao Zhang, Renjie Hou, Qiang Fu et al.

Soil heavy metal pollution seriously endangers the soil ecological environment and food safety production. In this study, drip irrigation tests with four irrigation frequencies were conducted by controlling the lower limit of the soil matric potential (D1: −10 kPa; D2: −20 kPa; D3: −30 kPa; D4: −40 kPa). Through comparison with traditional surface irrigation, the effect of drip irrigation on the root zone soil environment under heavy metal pollution and the mechanism through which drip irrigation influences soybean heavy metal enrichment characteristics were explored. The conclusions are as follows. (i) Drip irrigation can improve the root zone soil environment of soybean under combined Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) pollution and is conducive to the recovery of bacterial community structure. (ii) Compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation reduced the contents of Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) in the root zone soil, with maximum reductions of 34.88% (D1), 31.35% (D2) and 34.20% (D2), respectively. (iii) Drip irrigation increased the accumulation of Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) in soybean. However, compared with surface irrigation, drip irrigation changed the distribution of Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) in soybean organs so that more Cd, Pb and Cr(VI) were stored in roots and significantly less Cd and Cr(VI) were stored in seeds, with maximum reductions of 16.62% (D2) and 19.49% (D2), respectively. These results can be used to develop a new strategy for the prevention and control of soil heavy metal pollution.

Murari, Fábio Dian, Santos, Antônio Adel dos, Silva, André Luiz Vasconcellos da Costa e et al.

Manfred Benthaus

Abstract Global trends in the development and use of electricity utilities and assets are practically irreversible. In industrialized nations, capacity factors have grown so large that users may expect freely available electrical potential energy at all times and in almost all locations. Economically capitalizing on this trend means maximizing energy provision and use to boost gross domestic product growth rates. Electricity is now a basic indicator of social development; it is to the cultural-technological dimension what breathing air is to the physiological-biological dimension, the implication being that sustainable development of provision systems has become a matter of international concern. This article presents a decision basis for the design of sustainable national electrical energy supply systems, incorporating country-specific boundary conditions in the form of user requirements to be specified by users. The basis is a solution space of technologically possible systems, obtained by combining generalized user requirements and physical limitations to generate the solution states. As all technological options for the system are brought under consideration, this approach represents a comprehensive comparative analysis. The decision process ensues by assigning to each solution state a set of (newly defined) system risk factors. Particular consideration is given to evaluating the system’s ability to meet the user requirements, i.e., interruption-free provision. The central benchmark is the technological-economic availability. From this is obtained a sustainability boundary, the boundary between quantifiable and unquantifiable economic loss potentials. This article deliberately avoids referencing specific technological solutions, with the justification that the basis of the user’s decision should be independent of technological considerations. The sole exception is a reference to the currently used technology, which forms the starting point.

Bernardo Corrado de Gennaro, Maria Bonaventura Forleo

Abstract Background The agricultural sector both needs to reduce its impacts and adapt its food production system to cope with environmental constraints and climate changes. This special issue includes three selected papers presented at the 53rd annual Conference of the Italian Society of Agricultural Economics discussing the future of agriculture. The fil rouge linking the three papers is the issue of sustainability that nowadays influences the functioning of the food supply chain and the behavior of all actors involved in it, from producers to consumers. Findings The selected papers investigate the theme of sustainability by exploring strategies for the adoption of sustainable innovation in the food supply chain, developing a model that assesses the effect of climate changes on farm production, as well as evaluating consumer attitudes to wine attributes, including those related to “carbon footprint” and “winescape esthetic.” Conclusions The reading of these papers provides a multifaceted light on different dimensions linking future perspectives of sustainable agriculture between globalization and local market. Papers discuss issues, propose approaches, and show empirical findings that can be useful to fuel the debate about future agricultural policies and stimulate the development of research agendas.

Mª Pilar Burillo Cuadrado, Pascual Rubio Terrado, Francisco Burillo Mozota

La Unión Europea considera regiones escasamente pobladas a aquellas que tienen una densidad igual o inferior a 8 habitantes/km2. Es el caso de la Serranía Celtibérica con 7,20 habitantes/km2. Esa circunstancia, unida a su condición de región rural remota y de montaña, permite identificarla como área desfavorecida. En este trabajo se analiza el marco legislativo referencial para que en la Serranía Celtibérica pueda aplicarse la política de cohesión del periodo 2021-2027. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre las posibles estrategias para revertir su deterioro demográfico.

Vasco Boatto, Luigino Barisan, Gianni Teo

In viticulture, the management of water resources is a relevant issue in the profiles of a socio – economic, environmental sustainability policy turned to the development of the vine-growing territories with Designation of Origin. The paper has set itself the goal of an economic assessment on business decisions related to a drought risk in the Conegliano Valdobbiadene Prosecco DOCG, using the Bayesian methodology. The results showed the importance of an investment strategy that provides for the systematic introduction of emergency drought irrigation in the area DOCG’s vineyards which will guarantee the quality and the supply of the raw material, taking into account both the current evolution in marketing the product and the climate change scenarios.

George C.S Lin, Samuel P.S Ho

Gafur Gafur, Muhammad Safri, Siti Hodijah

Abstract. This study aimed to analyze the leading sectors in Bungo. The method used is Location Quotient (LQ), Dynamic Location Quotient (DLQ), specialization index, Growth Ratio Model (MRP). Based on analysis of LQ and DLQ, there are only two basis sectors at present and in the future, namely the construction sector and trade, hotels and restaurants. Based on the analysis of Specialization Index, in Bungo Regency has a concentration of the economy in the agricultural sector and the manufacturing sector. Based on MRP analysis also showed that prominent sector growth at the level of Bungo and Jambi Province, namely electricity, gas and water supply; the building sector; and trade, hotels and restaurants. Keywords : Location Quotient (LQ), Dinamic Location Quotient (DLQ), Specialization Index, Growth Ratio Model   Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sektor unggulan di Kabupaten Bungo. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis Location Quotient (LQ), Dinamic Location Quotient (DLQ), indeks spesialisasi, Model Rasio Pertumbuhan (MRP). Berdasarkan analisis LQ dan DLQ,  hanya ada 2 sektor yang menjadi sektor basis pada saat ini dan pada masa yang akan datang yaitu sektor bangunan dan sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran. Berdasarkan analisis Indeks Spesialisasi, di Kabupaten Bungo telah terjadi konsentrasi ekonomi pada sektor pertanian dan sektor industri pengolahan. Berdasarkan analisis MRP juga dapat diketahui bahwa sektor yang menonjol pertumbuhannya pada tingkat Kabupaten Bungo dan Provinsi Jambi yaitu sektor listrik, gas dan air bersih; sektor bangunan; serta sektor perdagangan, hotel dan restoran. Kata Kunci : Location Quotient (LQ), Dinamic Location Quotient (DLQ), indeks spesialisasi, Model Rasio Pertumbuhan

Daisy Moreira Cunha, Ailton Vitor Guimarães

Trazemos a público o DOSSIÊ ONTOLOGIA DO SER SOCIAL E FORMAÇÃO HUMANA com contribuições de intérpretes contemporâneos do marxismo que, em diálogo central com o flósofo húngaro György Lukács, se interrogam sobre questões que atravessam a formação humana na atualidade. A possibilidade de compreensão das várias dimensões que envolvem os diversos processos da formação humana, considerando a perspectiva da ontologia do ser social, oferece um caminho potente para construir formas de luta e de resistência em relação a todo tipo de opressão humana. Luta e resistência no enfrentamento do conservadorismo e do retrocesso tendenciais que invadem nossas vidas, tanto no confronto com esse Congresso Nacional, que tanto tem nos deixado estupefatos nas decisões que vem sendo tomadas, como em relação à onda golpista que cresce, sutil e assustadoramente, como se fosse algo natural num Brasil de hoje. A diversidade das perspectivas de abordagem da ontologia do ser social, presentes no dossiê, dá ao conjunto de textos reunidos uma riqueza orgânica que se fortalece nos pontos de vista diversifcados de seus autores, desvelando as potencialidades de se pensar o humano em estreita relação com suas bases materiais de existência, lição que funda o campo de estudos sobre Trabalho e Educação. À riqueza do dossiê somam-se os ARTIGOS de chamada contínua, com discussões críticas acerca de problemas contemporâneos...

Ghada Ismail El-shahat Ali Attia, Kamillia A. Abou-El-seoud, Abdel-Rahim Sayed Ibrahim

Biotransformation of Furanocoumarins; psoralen (1), bergapten (2), xanthotoxin (3) and imperatorin (4) was explored by Cunninghamella elegans NRRL 1392, revealing the metabolism of psoralen (1) and bergapten (2) into bergaptol (5), while xanthotoxin (3) and imperatorin (4) were converted into xanthotoxol (6). On the other hand unexpected conversion of xanthotoxin (3) into 3,4 dihydroxanthotoxin (7) occurred. The structure of the isolated pure metabolites was established using physical and spectroscopic techniques including, melting points, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectroscopy.

Antonio Luigi Negro, Larissa Rosa Corrêa, Paulo Fontes

Apresentação: Trabalhadores e Ditadura

Eko Atmadji

The administered price of fuel has increased quite frequently since 1970. It has raised a concern on the survival ability of manufacturing firms that could be weakened by such policy. This research objective is for confirming whether the policy of increasing fuel price affects the survival of manufacturing firms in Indonesia. By using Instrumental Variable Probit Model, it demonstrates that increasing fuel price does not affect firms’ survival in the short-run, middle-run, as well as long-run. Nevertheless, the z-statistics increase when the period of estimation is expanded. It means that if the time span of sample observation is widened, the result might be different. Keywords: Fuel price, survival ability, instrumental variable probit model JEL classification numbers: H27, D22 Abstrak Harga bahan bakar minyak (BBM) selalu meningkat sejak 1970. Kenaikan harga ini telah menimbulkan kekhawatiran pada kemampuan kelangsungan hidup perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia yang bisa dilemahkan oleh kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan mengonfirmasi apakah kebijakan kenaikan harga BBM mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidup perusahaan industri manufaktur di Indonesia. Dengan menggunakan Instrumental Variable Probit Model, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan harga BBM tidak mempengaruhi kelangsungan hidupperusahaan dalam jangka pendek, menengah, serta jangka panjang. Namun demikian, z-statistik meningkat ketika periode estimasi diperluas. Ini berarti bahwa jika rentang waktu pengamatan sampel melebar, hasilnya mungkin akan berbeda. Kata kunci: Harga BBM, kemampuan bertahan hidup, instrumental variable probit model JEL classification numbers: H27, D22

Qiuying Li, Yue Wu, Udechukwu Ojiako et al.

Orientation: The article discusses the relationship between enterprise risk management (ERM) and firm value. Research purpose: The purpose of the study is to empirically examine the relationship between ERM and firm value. The study is undertaken within the context of the Chinese insurance industry. Motivation for the study: Recent attempts to link ERM with firm value have been undertaken primarily in the USA and Europe and have produced ambiguous and inconclusive findings. Research design, approach and method: Data was obtained from the China Insurance Regulatory Commission, a government body responsible for regulating insurance products and services in China. The data sample consisted of 135 insurance companies operating in China (in 2010). Regression modelling is employed to analyse the data. Main findings: The results show the relationship between ERM and firm value at first appears statistically significant within a Pearson correlation matrix but then falls below statistical significance on closer scrutiny through regression analysis. Accordingly, it is recommended that insurers in China should not look to aggressive investment in ERM as a strategy for producing quick gains in firm value. Practical/managerial implications: Risk managers should plan ERM development from a risk management maturity perspective, which equates the highest level of ERM development with ERM’s capacity to improve firm resilience to the unknown and serve as a mechanism for strategic decision-making. Contribution/value-add: The study employed return on equity as a proxy for firm value, utilising ordinary least squares regression modelling to test propositions of the relationships between variables.

mehdi pourmostafa, Mohammad Esmaeil Ansari, Ali Atafar et al.

Due to continuous changes in organizational environment, there is no warranty for long term survival in the market. Currently, those organizations can succeed that are agile and able to rapidly respond to environmental requirements. In this research a model has been proposed for applying proper strategies for achieving long term organizational success. The proposed model is an integration of Balanced Score Card (BSC) approach, Fuzzy Quality Function Development (FQFD) and Zero-One Goal Programming (ZOGP). In fact by BSC, appropriate strategic plans can be designed and prioritized by FQFD. Then, based on multiple objectives and existing problem constraints, feasible strategic plans are identified by ZOGP. Findings imply that decision making techniques can be well utilized in designing BSC through a structured methodology make improvement in all aspects and have a positive influence on organization's performance in long term .   Keywords : B alanced Score Card , Fuzzy Quality Function Development, Zero-One Goal Programming, Strategic plans

Sigfrido Miralles

Se trataba de una organización marxistaleninistade origen urbano y universitario, conun corte militar (no político) muy cercano al delas organizaciones guerrilleras de Centro ySudamérica, que se planteaba una guerrilla entérminos muy cercanos al foco guerrillero. Erauna organización compuesta por gente en su mayoría de clase media: profesionales, médicos,profesores universitarios. Se trataba de ungrupo muy pequeño, de una decena, tal vez dosdecenas de personas. Por la peculiaridad delEstado mexicano, solidario con losmovimientos revolucionarios del mundo y porsus relaciones con el campo socialista, estegrupo nunca tuvo apoyos exteriores, nitampoco de los grupos guerrilleros de Centro ySudamérica, ni en cuanto al armamento, ni alentrenamiento, ni al financiamiento. Por esarazón, y por la formación cultural de susmilitantes, ese grupo construyó su teoríapolítica más apegada a la situación de Méxicoque a la doctrina del comunismo internacional.Recurrió a los nombres de la historia deMéxico, de las luchas por la Independencia y dela Revolución de 1910: Hidalgo, Morelos,Guerrero, Zapata.

Mitsuaki Hosono, Yasuo Nakayama

Since mid-1990s, the Japanese government has encouraged university-industry collaboration to foster innovations for economic growth. Learning from the American licensing model of technology transfer, Japanese Bay-Dole Act and TLO (Technology Licensing Organization) Act were enacted in late 1990s. In addition, the corporatization of Japanese National Universities (JNUs) in 2004 spurred their technology-transfer activities to obtain external funds. As a result, more than 50 TLOs has been established since FY1998, and also the number of patent application and licensed patents were increased at JUNs rapidly after FY2004. However, the licensing income has been stayed poor and some of TLOs were abolished. There are few evidences that the introduction of licensing model of technology transfer into Japan could contribute to innovation properly. Therefore, this study will try to clarify if licensing model of technology transfer work in Japan by analyzing the Japanese National University (JNU) patent. There are 20,485 applied patent, which invented by JNU’s researcher(s) from FY2004 to 2007. 38% of them were applied by solely by JNUs and 52% were by JNU and Private Firms etc. In the Japanese Patent Act, jointly applied patents are not licensed to the third party without the consent of co-applicant(s). Hence, more than half of the patent invented by JNU researchers is not basically used for patent licensing. Consequently, JNUs and TLOs face difficulties in patent licensing under the current Patent Act.

Richard Whitlow