Hasil untuk "Geography"

G. Bridge, S. Bouzarovski, M. Bradshaw et al.

This paper makes a case for examining energy transition as a geographical process, involving the reconfiguration of current patterns and scales of economic and social activity. The paper draws on a seminar series on the ‘Geographies of Energy Transition: security, climate, governance' hosted by the authors between 2009 and 2011, which initiated a dialogue between energy studies and the discipline of human geography. Focussing on the UK Government's policy for a low carbon transition, the paper provides a conceptual language with which to describe and assess the geographical implications of a transition towards low carbon energy. Six concepts are introduced and explained: location, landscape, territoriality, spatial differentiation, scaling, and spatial embeddedness. Examples illustrate how the geographies of a future low-carbon economy are not yet determined and that a range of divergent – and contending – potential geographical futures are in play. More attention to the spaces and places that transition to a low-carbon economy will produce can help better understand what living in a low-carbon economy will be like. It also provides a way to help evaluate the choices and pathways available.

Lars Coenen, P. Benneworth, B. Truffer

Albert Saiz

N. Limão, A. Venables

The authors use different data sets to investigate the dependence of transport costs on geography and infrastructure. Infrastructure is an important determinant of transport costs, especially for landlocked countries. Analysis of bilateral trade data confirms the importance of infrastructure and gives an estimate of the elasticity of trade flows with respect to the trade cost factor of around-3. A deterioration of infrastructure from the median to the 75th percentile raises transport costs by 12 percentage points and reduces trade volumes by 28 percent. Analysis of African trade flows indicates that their relatively low level is largely due to poor infrastructure.

J. Endler

Noor Abdul Qader Abdul Sattar

   يهدف البحث الحالي إلى دراسة دور تمارين الإطالة والتحفيز العضلي في تحسين وظائف أوتار الركبة لدى لاعبي كرة القدم، اعتمدت الباحثة في ذلك على المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة وذلك لملائمة مشكلة البحث، تكونت عينة البحث من لاعبي نادي المقدادية لكرة القدم للموسم الرياضي 2023 وعددهم 23 لاعبًا، وكانت اهم الاستنتاجات: ساهمت ممارسة تمارين الإطالة بانتظام في زيادة مدى حركة الركبة وتقليل خطر الإصابات، وأوصت الباحثة بإدراج تمارين الإطالة والتحفيز العضلي ضمن برامج التدريب الدوري للاعبي كرة القدم.

Francisco José Cantarero Prados, Hugo Castro Noblejas, Jorge Andrés Mármol Rivera

Este estudio analiza el grado de influencia de diversas características habitacionales —especialmente la capacidad restauradora del paisaje observado desde las viviendas— en el malestar psicológico generado en situaciones de inmovilidad domiciliaria. La metodología parte de una encuesta online realizada durante el confinamiento domiciliario ocasionado por la enfermedad por Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). En ella se consideraron variables espaciales como la localización, la amplitud de la vivienda y la valoración subjetiva del paisaje visible desde la vivienda. El análisis estadístico se estructura en tres niveles: primero, mediante tablas de contingencia y test chi-cuadrado, explorando asociaciones marginales y construyendo perfiles en función de variables demográficas y ambientales relacionadas con la presencia de sentimientos negativos; posteriormente, se emplea un árbol de decisión para detectar combinaciones de factores que explican patrones de respuesta complejos; finalmente, se ajusta un modelo de regresión logística múltiple para cuantificar los efectos individuales e interactivos mediante medidas de significación estadística y odds ratios. Los resultados muestran que las personas jóvenes y aquellas que no valoraban previamente las vistas desde su vivienda fueron las más afectadas en términos emocionales, mientras que el hecho de disponer de una vivienda más amplia ayudó a reducir ese impacto. Además, la valoración positiva del paisaje observado desde el domicilio está relacionada con una mayor restauración psicológica. Estas conclusiones refuerzan la importancia de la planificación territorial y del diseño urbanístico en la calidad de vida, destacando la necesidad de integrar el paisaje en las estrategias de ordenación del territorio y desarrollo urbano. La investigación aporta evidencia sobre cómo los elementos espaciales influyen en la percepción y el bienestar de la población, destacando el papel fundamental de la Geografía en el estudio de la interacción entre las personas y su entorno construido.

Dianawati Meksy, Haryati Yati, Kusyaeri Hamdani Kiki

Many tubers are needed for the production of G0 potato seeds because potato seeds are sold in units of quantity. This research aimed to increase the number of tubers in G0 potato seed production. The study was conducted in a plastic house in Lembang, West Bandung, West Java from October 2017 to January 2018. The study used a randomized block design with six replications. The treatments tested were control (A), application of gibberellins (B), cutting of planlet cuttings followed by application of gibberellins (C), application of paclobutrazole (D), and application of paclobutrazole followed by gibberellins (E). Data were analyzed by F test and continued with orthogonal contrast, and correlation test at 95% confidence level and PCA biplot. The results showed that various introduced treatments failed in increasing the number of tuber total. However, the results of PCA biplot showed that C and D treatments were potential to be studied further by increasing the size of small tubers due to their greater number of tubers in total.

D. Audretsch, M. Fritsch

Tao Song, Jiarong Wang, Danya Xu et al.

Physical oceanography models rely heavily on grid discretization. It is known that unstructured grids perform well in dealing with boundary fitting problems in complex nearshore regions. However, it is time-consuming to find a set of unstructured grids in specific ocean areas, particularly in the case of land areas that are frequently changed by human construction. In this work, an attempt was made to use machine learning for the optimization of the unstructured triangular meshes formed with Delaunay triangulation in the global ocean field, so that the triangles in the triangular mesh were closer to equilateral triangles, the long, narrow triangles in the triangular mesh were reduced, and the mesh quality was improved. Specifically, we used Delaunay triangulation to generate the unstructured grid, and then developed a K-means clustering-based algorithm to optimize the unstructured grid. With the proposed method, unstructured meshes were generated and optimized for global oceans, small sea areas, and the South China Sea estuary to carry out data experiments. The results suggested that the proportion of triangles with a triangle shape factor greater than 0.7 amounted to 77.80%, 79.78%, and 79.78%, respectively, in the unstructured mesh. Meanwhile, the proportion of long, narrow triangles in the unstructured mesh was decreased to 8.99%, 3.46%, and 4.12%, respectively.

Wills Adam, Banister Carsen, Pellissier Mathieu et al.

This work explores the importance of renewable resource temporal distribution for solar and wind energy deployment in Arctic communities to meet building and ancillary loads. An analysis of ten years of historic weather data was performed for six locations in the Canadian Arctic to assess renewable resource variation. Simulations of similar capacity solar and wind generation systems were then coupled with the historic data to compare and contrast generation potential. This analysis highlighted the importance of considering hourly, daily, monthly, and year-to-year renewable generation when deploying solar and wind to the Arctic. As many northern communities in Canada have local electricity generation and distribution systems, and no connection to the continental grid, managing grid interactions effectively is crucial to the success of deployment, integration, and operation. The results for the solar energy analysis showed high consistency of production year-to-year. The results for the wind energy analysis showed that the annual outputs have significantly less variation than the year-to-year output of individual months for all the locations under study. For the high latitude locations studied, solar energy can still provide useful electricity generation output, but the more pronounced bias of the annual output to the summer months can leave several months with little or no output. The use of additional renewable sources is crucial in beginning to transition some electricity generating capacity within Arctic communities from being solely reliant on fossil fuels.

R. Kearns

M. Kent, D. Gilbertson, C. Hunt

Júnio Gregório Roza Santos, Selma Simões Castro

O insucesso da política de Projetos de Assentamentos Rurais (PAs) no País é amplamente conhecido e estudado por meio de metodologias de avaliação do seu desempenho, sendo que poucos utilizaram indicadores e respectivos parâmetros integrados de avaliação da sustentabilidade. Este artigo objetiva apresentar os resultados de aplicação de metodologia baseada na análise de Funções de Uso das Terras – FUT, como condicionantes estruturantes da sustentabilidade, aplicada a PAs do estado de Goiás, comparativamente bem e mal sucedidos, representativos de duas regiões bem contrastadas ambiental e socioeconomicamente, o Nordeste goiano e o Sul goiano. Os resultados indicaram que o PA do Nordeste goiano pode ser considerado insustentável, mas preserva grande parte do Cerrado nativo, o que lhe atribui uma qualificação contraditória. Já o PA do Sul Goiano, sustentável, exibe maior equilíbrio entre os fatores sociais, econômicos e ambientais estudados embora preserve apenas a cobertura obrigatória pela legislação ambiental.

J. Losos, R. Glor

Ron Martin

Alison Blunt

Joonas Plaan

This article explores the roots and paths of changing discourses about the natural environment and marine resources in the seascape of Kihnu, Estonia. The ontology of the seascape is never static, being subjected to constant transformation, as local experiences and understandings collide with external influences, regulations and constraints. By focusing on the indeterminacies of agency, and human encounters and environmental events, I show how Soviet pasts and perceptions, shifting scientific paradigms and practices, the dynamics of local-global articulations, and unforeseen transformation in the marine environment have progressively contributed to new understandings of the seascape, seals and other marine resources. These changing perceptions fundamentally challenge previously-held notions that humans and nature belong together. A traditional seal hunt had endured in the Baltic Sea for centuries, but the decline of the seal population in the 1970s was widely understood as anthropogenic, related to overfishing, large scale seal hunts and pollution.  While most Baltic Sea coastal waters have remained closed to any type of seal hunting for more than 40 years, many fishers and marine scientists agree that grey seal population has recovered and some Baltic Sea countries have lifted the ban on hunting grey seal. While the seal hunt and meat used to have great cultural importance, there was also commercial value in seal skin and fat for many coastal communities. Several representatives of fishery-dependent coastal communities in Estonia now publicly express a view that seals now compete with fishers. Consequently the seal has lost its cultural importance and is considered as an intruder to Kihnu cultural space. I argue that making sense of the concerns and uncertainties that presently surround the question of knowing about and managing marine ecosystems, requires paying close attention to the ways in which access to the seascape and its resources have been enforced and altered over time. Key Words: Estonia; small-scale fisheries; seascape approach; ontology; local knowledge

V. Pászto

PROFS. WHITBECK and FINCH'S volume is a well-written text-book on orthodox lines, which result in the field of economic geography being somewhat restricted. The United States and Canada are treated very fully as one economic unit, followed by a summary of Canada. These chapters contain much useful material, but the rest of the world, with the exception of Central and South America, receives too brief a treatment for the book to prove acceptable on the eastern side of the Atlantic. The sketch maps and diagrams are instructive, and there are bibliographical references.Economic Geography.Prof.R. H.WhitbeckProf.V. C.FinchBy. Pp. x + 558. (London: McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., Ltd., 1924.) 17s. 6d. net.

P. Sunley