The rapid digital transformation toward a hyper-connected and hyper-intelligent society has led to various social issues, including human rights violations, cyberbullying, and personal data breaches. Consequently, cultivating digital citizenship has emerged as an essential competency. This study aims to explore strategies for fostering digital citizenship through general education and to propose a concrete curriculum framework. The research primarily employs literature review and analysis of domestic and international case studies. The findings are as follows: digital citizenship is a multidimensional concept that goes beyond the use of technology to encompass ethical, social, and psychological dimensions. In Korea, existing research tends to focus on value-oriented and function-oriented practices, while lacking theoretical foundations based on knowledge and critical reflection. Based on these insights, this study presents design and operational principles for an integrated, progressive, and up-to-date curriculum within general education to enhance digital citizenship. As a conceptual exploration based on literature review, this study suggests that future research should include empirical validation in actual educational settings and effectiveness analysis based on expert and learner needs.
This work investigates the application of artificial neural network (ANN)-based regression models to predict the static and dynamic characteristics of GaN impact avalanche transit time (IMPATT) sources in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime. A comprehensive dataset, derived from self-consistent quantum drift-diffusion (SCQDD) simulations of GaN IMPATT structures designed for a wide frequency range from the microwave frequency bands, up to 5 THz, is used to train the ANN models. The models effectively capture the impact of variations in structural, doping, and biasing parameters on device performance. The proposed ANN approach significantly reduces computational time for predicting breakdown characteristics, power output, and conversion efficiency properties of IMPATT sources, achieving similar accuracy to traditional SCQDD simulations while requiring only 7.8–20.1% of the computational time. Mean square errors are observed to be on the order of <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-4}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>–<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$10^{-6}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, demonstrating the models’ high accuracy. Experimental validation shows strong agreement in terms of breakdown voltage, power output, and efficiency, supporting the potential of machine learning to streamline the design and optimization of high-frequency semiconductor devices.
Nowadays, many of the top-selling video games include options to purchase loot boxes as paid virtual items. As research progressed, loot boxes have been found to have similar characteristics to gambling, and there has been an ongoing debate as to whether loot boxes can be defined as gambling. In order to better study loot boxes, psychometrically meaningful scales are necessary. The Risky Loot Box Index (RLI) was developed by Brooks and Clark, which is the most commonly used tool to assess the use of loot boxes. This study aimed to translate the original RLI into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties. Two samples were recruited through online gaming forums (n = 143) and offline internet cafes (n = 236). An exploratory factor analysis of the online sample yielded a one-dimensional nine-item model, with the factor focused on risky behaviors associated with loot boxes. The confirmatory factor analysis carried out on the offline sample corroborated the results obtained from the exploratory factor analysis, and the Chinese version of the RLI displays satisfactory psychometric properties. Furthermore, the Problem Gambling Severity Index (r = 0.57, P < 0.001) and the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (r = 0.67, P < 0.001) were found to be significantly associated with the RLI. We also found that players with high RLI scores may have higher levels of anxiety and depression, and they were more willing to spend money on loot boxes, with some spending nearly all their earnings. Interestingly, no significant correlations between age, gender, education, or income level, and the RLI were found.
This study illuminates the complex relationship between cultural orientation towards collectivism, emotional regulation skills, cognitive reappraisal ability, sports engagement, perceived coach support, and sports self-efficacy in Chinese athletes' performance satisfaction. Seven hundred and fifty athletes from Guangdong, Jiangsu, and Sichuan completed 5-point Likert scale assessments. The study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) to analyze variable connections. The results reveal significant relationships between performance satisfaction and cultural orientation towards collectivism (β = 0.35, p < 0.001), emotional regulation skills (β = 0.28, p < 0.001), cognitive reappraisal ability (β = 0.32, p < 0.01), sports engagement (β = 0.20, p < 0.05), perceived coach support (β = 0.25, p < 0.01), and self-efficacy in sports (β = 0.30, p < 0.001). These findings underscore the importance of psychological factors in shaping athlete well-being and performance satisfaction. These relationships linked the self-determination theory, social support theory, and the transactional model of stress and coping. Treatments that improve athlete self-efficacy, emotional control, and coach-athlete relationships may improve player happiness, retention, and organizational performance. These actions affect management and the economy. A supportive environment and athlete development initiatives may boost athlete well-being and performance, leading to long-term sports success and competitiveness.
NIU Zihao 1, 2, ZHU Zhende 3, QUE Xiangcheng 3, XIE Xinghua 4, JIN Kai 1, 2
With the construction and commissioning of major hydropower projects represented by Baihetan of Jinsha River, it is of great significance to clarify the mechanical and seepage characteristics of engineering rock mass under complex stress environment with high confining pressure and high water pressure. Based on the field survey data and the structural characteristics of the columnar jointed basalt of dam foundation, two kinds of columnar joint similar material model samples with different dip angles β, quadrangular prisms and hexagonal prisms, are prepared, and the true triaxial stress-seepage coupling tests are carried out. The test results show that the columnar jointed rock mass with different cross-section characteristics has strong permeability anisotropy, and the permeability coefficient k is positively correlated with β at different loading stages. During the true triaxial loading process, the volume strain εV of the sample can be used as an effective characterization parameter of k. At the volume compression stage, k shows a low level, and at the volume expansion stage k shows a rapid growth trend. The final failure mode of the samples exhibits three typical forms, and the most dangerous failure mode is the structural failure dominated by the shear slip failure of the joint surface, which mainly occurs in the samples with β=45°, 60°. Correspondingly, the lateral support of this kind of rock mass should be strengthened in the construction design of surrounding rock of tunnels and rock mass of dam foundation.
Engineering geology. Rock mechanics. Soil mechanics. Underground construction
Lynda Hughes, Danny Sidwell, Valda Frommolt
et al.
Workplace integration of undergraduate student nurses through clinical placement remains an integral part of nurse education. The role of clinical facilitators who support this integration is complex and shaped by the expectations of various key stakeholders. These multiple expectations often resulting in the role being blurred and lacking clarity. The research aim is to identify the roles and expectations of clinical facilitators from the perspectives of academics/educators and students and to explore qualities that allow clinical facilitators to conduct their role effectively. A cross-sectional survey was utilised. Exploratory factor analysis, free text data and comparative analysis were used. Findings suggest a discordance in understanding of the clinical facilitator role by educators and students. Students tended to focus on skills and knowledge without consideration of the broader nursing profession. The clinical facilitator’s ability to role model and influence is seen as a “hidden curriculum” that students are largely unaware of. The clinical facilitator role is complex, with education critical in supporting this role and thus the success of students. Illumination of the hidden nursing curriculum would enable better understanding of the clinical facilitator role in engaging students with the varying requirements of the nursing profession.
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence, Education
With the so-called 4<sup>th</sup> Industrial Revolution, the speed of technology development is getting faster, while at rhe same time the polarization of labor market is getting worse. Therefore mid-skilled management layer is disappearing and the middle class is collapsing. There is no place to which humanities graduates to go and on the whole the humanities finds itself in crisis at university. After the modern university was established in Europe, general education had been understood as a essential device to secure criticism and universalities of university education. But with the crisis of humanities, the status of general education now stands on shaky ground. After the Korean liberation from Japan, value neutrality and marginality was strengthened and deepened in general education at university of Korea as the Japanese and American general education model was mixing together. The study of Korean history expanded tremendously in general education, when it was designated as a legal general education subject in 1974. For that reason, nationalistic nature of Korean history was strengthened and to some degree maintained after it was released from the legal ties in 1989. However the foundation of modern historiography is now fundamentally shaky. Thus we are in desperate need to seek a Korean history general education that can cultivate criticism, universality and imagination.
Resumen: Introducción: de los preceptos claves de la enseñanza centrada en el estudiante es tomar en cuenta sus necesidades, las formas de aprender y de gestionar la información. Los actuales estudiantes de la carrera de médico cirujano pertenecen a una generación que prefieren obtener información por medios digitales. Entre estos medios se encuentran los videos alojados en YouTube. Material y método: Se realizó un diseño de investigación mixta de tipo secuencial explicatorio. Se inició con la fase de producción del material audiovisual para posteriormente seguir a las cuantitativas y cualitativas. La parte cuantitativa consistió en un diseño de grupo control no equivalente con pretest y postest en la que 30 estudiantes participaron en una estación tipo «evaluación clínica objetiva estructurada» donde realizaron una exploración de nervios craneales. En la fase cualitativa los mismos estudiantes contestaron una serie de preguntas abiertas sobre la experiencia educativa. Resultados: A pesar de que en este estudio existió poca diferencia estadística entre el grupo experimental y el de control, este último logró en general puntajes más altos. La investigación cualitativa permitió identificar que los estudiantes prefieren complementar texto y video, atribuyendo a cada uno distintos tipos de aprendizaje. Conclusión: Se propone brindar al estudiante de medicina material textual que se acompañe de material audiovisual educativo debidamente producido, al momento de buscar desarrollar habilidades clínicas. Abstract: Introduction: One of the key precepts of student-centered teaching is to consider their needs, forms of learning and manage information. Current medical surgeon career students belong to a generation that prefer to get it by digital means. These media include videos hosted on YouTube. Materials and method: A mixed research design was implemented. It began with the production of an audiovisual material. The quantitative phase consisted of a not equivalent control group with pretest and posttest. 30 students participated in a station type «Objective Structured Clinical Examination». In the qualitative phase the same students answered a series of open questions about the educational experience. Results: Little statistically significant differences were found between the control group and experimental, although the last one, attained high scores in general. The qualitative research identified that students prefer to supplement text and video, attributing to each, different types of learning. Conclusions: It is proposed to provide the medical student with textual material that is accompanied by educational audiovisual material duly produced, when seeking to develop clinical skills.
Mehdi Kargar, Leila Ghahremani, Mohammad Hosein Kaveh
et al.
Abstract: Background: Nurses have insufficient physical activity due to occupational conditions. This study investigated occupational factors affecting their physical activity based on PRECEDE-PROCEED Model. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted among 161 nurses working at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected by simple randomization. Researcher-made tools included demographic, attitude, and PRECEDE-PROCEED constructs questionnaires. Self-Efficacy for Exercise (SEE) Scale, General Health Questionnaire(GHQ), and Beck Physical Activity questionnaire were standard tools used in the present investigation. Data were analyzed by Linear Regression and descriptive analysis. Results: The findings showed that attitude score of 96.4% of the studied nurses and self-efficacy scores of 50.9% of these nurses were higher than the overall mean scores. But they achieved scores lower than the overall mean scores in Enabling (44.1%), Reinforcing (44.7%) and Management-Organizational (29.2%) factors.Less than half of the nurses could attain scores higher than the overall mean scores of physical activity (49.1%) and general health (48.4%) .There were no any significant correlations between attitude(.922), self-efficacy(.134), Enabling factors (.224), Reinforcing factors (.950), and Management-Organizational factor (.627) with their physical activity level. But direct correlations were found among Enabling, Reinforcing, and Management-organizational factors. Conclusion: Although nurses owned enough Predisposing factors, insufficient Enabling, Reinforcing and Management-Organizational factors led them to do insufficient physical activity. Consequently, occupational factors should be provided in the workplace for nurses.
Guilherme Pereira Cocato, Douglas Vitto, Ricardo Lopes Fonseca
O presente artigo foi elaborado a partir de observações acerca das práticas de ensino de Geografia no Colégio Estadual Barão do Rio Branco e Colégio Estadual Vicente Rijo, em Londrina/PR, no ano de 2015. No contexto de uma sociedade globalizada, o objetivo é realizar reflexões epistemológicas acerca das influências dos ensinos tradicional e crítico nos ambientes da Geografia escolar, e a relação destas com a Geografia acadêmica. A metodologia de cunho qualitativo consistiu na participação dos pesquisadores na postura de “observador total” durante 11 dias, no ensino fundamental e médio, registrando em caderneta as metodologias e atividades propostas pelos professores. Os resultados foram representados por meio de um mapa conceitual e posteriormente analisados. E, enquanto proposta, esta pesquisa tem como ponto forte o debate sobre possíveis caminhos teórico-metodológicos a serem trilhados nas práticas educacionais geográficas, assim como os desafios para que docentes da área, em formação ou formados, se fortaleçam em sua atuação na rede escolar. A partir do destaque dado a estas questões, almeja-se alcançar uma Geografia plural para além do ambiente acadêmico – também na Geografia escolar – essencialmente por meio de uma formação abrangente e continuada.
Background and Objectives Every year, about three hundred thousands of infant deaths occur because of congenital anomalies. Some continue to live with various types of disabilities. Low and middle income countries have higher rate of congenital anomalies. It is estimated more than 100,000 cases of birth defcets occure annualy in Iran where 70 percent are preventable. There is no long term investigation on the epidemiology and secular trend of congenital anomalies in Iran. The aim of this study was to document the time trend and epidemiological features of congenital anomalies in the northwest of Iran using the Tabriz Registry of Congenital Anomalies (TRoCA) programme. Material and Methods A total of 297,734 births were registered in the region by TRoCA registry during the study period to estimate the occurrence of total and selected groups of congenital anomalies based on the standard coding system of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Total prevalence was calculated by dividing the numerator (registered cases of congenital anomalies in the TRoCA region) by the relevant denominator (total live and stillbirths in the TRoCA region) for the same period of time. Results An overall prevalence rate of 262.9 (CI95%:257.2–268.7) was estimated in the region. Anomalies of genito-urinary tract (59.2 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 56.5–62.0), limb defects (46.3 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 43.9.5–48.8), nervous system anomalies (39.4 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 37.2–41.7), gastrointestinal anomalies (27.8 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 25.9–29.7) and congenital heart diseases (37.1 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 34.9–39.3) were accounted for 80 percent of birth defects. Total prevalence of anomalies was more than tripled in the region over the past two decades. More cases were observed in males, and those with consanguineous marriage. Conclusion The increasing trend of the occurrence of congenital anomalies indicates that appropriate care programmes and more effective prenatal screening procedures need to be implemented in the region. Extended Abstract Background and Objectives Congenital anomalies, also called birth defects, are defined as structural or functional anomalies that may be identified before or at birth, or later in life. Every year, more than three hundred thousands of infant deaths occur because of congenital anomalies. Some continue to live with various types of disabilities. Low and middle income countries have higher rate of congenital anomalies. There is no long term investigation on the epidemiology and secular trend of congenital anomalies in Iran, and various prevalence rates of congenital anomalies have been reported for different parts of the country. The aim of this study was to document the time trend and epidemiological features of congenital anomalies in the northwest of Iran between 2000 and 2020, using the Tabriz Registry of Congenital Anomalies (TRoCA) programme. Material and Methods This study was carried out on the births registered by TRoCA in the region between 2000 and 2020 to estimate the occurrence of selected groups of congenital anomalies based on the standard coding system of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). All infants born in three main hospitals involved in the programme are routinely examined for general health status, maturity and congenital anomalies by a clinical practitioner (gynaecologist, obstetrician, neonatologist or paediatrician) and then followed up until hospital discharge. "Passive" method for data collection was used. The registrar for data documentation were midwives. A medical coder coded the defects. Congenital anomalies for the purposes of this programme were defined based on the standard coding of ICD under one of the following main headings according to the primary diagnosis of anomaly: nervous system anomalies; genito-urinary tract, and kidney; anomalies of limb; chromosomal anomalies; cleft lip with/without palate; congenital heart disease; musculoskeletal and connective tissue anomalies; digestive system anomalies; eye and ear anomalies and other defects. Total prevalence was calculated by dividing the numerator (registered cases of congenital anomalies in the TRoCA region) by the relevant denominator (total live and stillbirths in the TRoCA region) for the same period of time. TRoCA activities have been approved by the Ethics Committee of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Confidentiality and privacy are strictly considered in every part of the data gathering, processing, registration, access and reports. Results A total of 297,734 births were registered in the region by TRoCA registry during the study period to estimate the occurrence of selected groups of congenital anomalies based on the standard coding system of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). Most of the infants born with birth defects were male (61.3 percent). The majority of infants were born live (89.6 percent). Although familial marriage was not reported in 60.4 percent of the families with an affected child, first cousin marriage was observed in 12.5 percent of the cases. Main type of delivery in infants born with congenital anomalies was caesarean section delivery which included 49.4 percent of births. An overall prevalence rate of congenital anomalies was estimated as 262.9 (CI95%:257.2–268.7). Anomalies of genito-urinary tract (59.2 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 56.5–62.0), limb defects (46.3 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 43.9.5–48.8), nervous system anomalies (39.4 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 37.2–41.7), gastrointestinal anomalies (27.8 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 25.9–29.7) and congenital heart diseases (37.1 per 10 000 births, 95% CI: 34.9–39.3) were accounted for 80 percent of birth defects. The lowest prevalence rates were reported for musculoskeletal and connective tissue, cleft lip with/without palate, chromosomal, eye and ear anomalies all of which collectively accounted for less than 20 per 10 000 births. Total prevalence of anomalies was more than tripled in the region over the past two decades. With the control of infectious diseases and malnutrition, congenital anomalies are now making a proportionally greater contribution to ill health in childhood in many countries. According to the findings if this study, the prevalence and occurrence pattern of birth defects in a long period of time may be useful in identifying clues to the etiology of birth defects. The results may prove useful in genetic consultation, and in planning and evaluating the strategies for primary prevention of congenital anomalies, particularly in high-risk populations. Practical Implications of Research As a small registry of congenital anomalies in a developing country, our experiences might be of interest and useful to medical practitioners, policymakers of birth defects control programs, and those willing to set up a monitoring system of congenital anomalies in similar areas. Ethical Considerations This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Science (IR.TBZMED.REC.1399.525). Confidentiality and privacy were observed at every stage of the program, including data gathering, data access, data analysis and reporting. Conflict of Interest Authors declare no conflict of interest. Aknowledgment The authors wish to thank the Iranian Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tabriz University of Medical Science, and all those financially supporting the study, participating at the program, including parents and children (thesis no. 65711).
ABSTRACT In this essay, I comment on the objective of cultivating creativity in general and in schools in particular. I start by tracing the historical origin of this objective, then discuss a select set of relevant issues, including what can be considered the best practices for achieving this. I conclude by contemplating the potential for globalisation of this objective, and the portability of general pedagogies and specific approaches to cultivating creativity between different educational systems.
As mining height increases, the influence of coal wall caving on safety production becomes stronger. There is no systematic and effective method to analyse the risk of coal wall caving and its slip caving depth. First, this paper established the Bishop mechanical model of sliding instability of coal wall, and then it deduced the general equation of a safety factor for every slip surface, which can be used to judge the stability of the coal body on the slip surface. Moreover, taking the 8102 workface in the Wulonghu Mine, China, as an example, this paper evaluated the calculation method of slip surface safety factor in detail and obtained the critical slip surface position and the maximum slip depth of a coal wall. Overall, the results showed that the maximum slip depth based on the Bishop strip method is more consistent with the measured data compared with other methods and thus has strong significance and practical engineering value for selecting the most suitable method and its parameters of regulating coal wall caving.
The practice of social protection of orphans in the Tambov Governorate of the 19th - early 20th century through the prism of Orthodox charity and monastic charity is studied comprehensively and systematically. On the basis of a wide range of primary materials, primarily periodicals, various little-known aspects of the claimed scientific problem were studied representatively. We summarize the domestic experience of studying the system of charitable initiatives of the Orthodox clergy in provincial Russia, which had significant differences from the realities of the capital. The peculiarity of the care organizations of orphans of the spiritual estate at the regional and district level, which allows to assess the realities of social protection in the Tambov Eparchy of the chronological period, is studied. The possibilities of monastic charity and its significance in the context of charitable activities are clarified. Special consideration is given to the rules of care for orphans in monasteries in the years of peace and during the Russian-Japanese War in 1904-1905 and the First World War in 1914-1918. The main motives and incentives for charitable activities of large regional monasteries were identified, which reflected the general trends in the development of provincial society in the Russian Empire of the examined period. Conclusions are drawn about the results and experience, traditions and features of the activities of parish caregivers to support orphans at the level of the province and county, which allowed to successfully reconstruct this part of the social protection system of pre-revolutionary Russia. Attention is drawn to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of charitable support of the Orthodox clergy, as well as the assessment of socio-cultural and ethno-religious positions of the regional society. The influence of the practice of orphans care in the monastery shelters in the period of education and training, as well as subsequent socialization is clarified. It is proved that the Orthodox clergy very rarely showed their own initiative to care for orphans in the region, but the orders of the eparchial authorities determined the ideology and practice of provincial charity through the prism of spiritual bonds and values of mercy.
Francisca Maureira Sepúlveda, Carolina Henríquez Sandoval, Carlos Rodríguez Garcés
Utilizando la base de datos de la Encuesta de Desarrollo Humano del Programa de Naciones Unidas para el Desarrollo (PNUD-EDH) aplicada en Chile durante el año 2011 a un total de 2.535 personas mayores de 18 años, esta investigación analiza el “Vínculo Significativo con los Demás” (VSD) en su componente Funcionamiento Efectivo (VSD-FE) y en su dimensión Subjetiva (VSD-S). En general las personas desarrollan adecuados vínculos con sus otros significativos, no obstante distinguirse una mayor prevalencia en la dimensión subjetiva del índice VSD. Reconocen ser objeto de estima y declaran percibir la valoración y preocupación de los demás, a pesar de desarrollar con menor frecuencia actividades de afiliación con familiares y amigos. Elevan el índice VSD un mayor nivel socioeconómico (NSE), vivir acompañado, tener pareja, la ausencia de hijos, pertenecer a un menor tramo etario y vivir en zonas urbanas o urbes de concentración poblacional.
<p class="Resumen">In order to fulfill one of the aspects that characterized the curriculum for the training of ordinary skill in the Technical and Vocational Education which states: increase student learning in mathematics in particular, where teachers use the computer effectively as a teaching, and thus eliminate academic failure, an alternative methodology was developed to use the Eureka software, which was presented to teachers and provincial methodologists of mathematics, as well as students of Accounting, it helped to further learning students at Work with Variables. The proposal was designed to achieve a formative learning accordingly to the objectives of the program it requires Mathematics. The relevance of the alternative was assessed by consulting specialists, where they corroborated that can be educational practice.</p>
Veškeré problematické stránky profesní orientace vyplývají jako vliv určitých předmětových skupin při studiu žáků na II. stupni ZŠ. Pro lepší a snadnější návaznost je třeba, aby některé poznatky žáci zvládli již v raném školním věku. Škola se tak podřídila zisku těchto základních informací pro možnost lepšího uplatnění. S tímto záměrem byl realizován výzkum TIMSS v roce 2000. Na základě
tohoto výzkumu byl sestaven ústřední předpoklad pro úspěšnou realizaci změn v praxi. Obliba předmětů souvisí s úspěšností v jednotlivých předmětech a v dalších školních a mimoškolních činnostech. Také to, jak informace zprostředkované školou zaručují ucelený všeobecný přehled a dávají možnost výběru zajímavého a podstatného pro možnost plné seberealizace a schopnosti vyniknout. Naopak nepříznivé faktory znamenají závažný společenský problém, ze kterého pak plynou i neuspokojivé školní výsledky.
Early Childhood students may participate in a 3 months internship in 3 African countries. We have challenged a group of students from the last 5 years of the program to respond to how they experienced the religious atmosphere in and outside the kindergartens. Although their own home country has a strong Christian heritage, the present-day society is rather secularized, and religious vocabulary is not common in everyday speech. The contrast to the African countries is striking. They encounter a clearly verbalized religious upbringing in the kindergartens, even to the point where religious faith becomes part of the discipline. How did they react to these experiences, as well as to the many personal questions about their own faith? We describe and analyze these responses.