Hasil untuk "Sociology (General)"

Arifin, I Nyoman Jampel, Dewa Bagus Sanjaya et al.

Principal learning leadership is an important factor in improving the quality of education, but its implementation in remote areas still faces various structural and resource limitations. This study aims to describe the learning leadership practices of school principals in schools in remote areas of South Central Timor Regency, analyze adaptive strategies applied in managing learning in the midst of limitations, and formulate its conceptual contribution to the development of educational leadership theory. This study uses a qualitative approach with a multi-case study design in three schools. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with principals and teachers, observations, and documentation, then analyzed thematically to identify patterns of practice and leadership strategies. The results of the study show that learning leadership practices run in diverse and contextual forms. School principals continue to carry out the functions of supervision and management of learning, but their intensity and quality are influenced by personal capacity, structural support such as infrastructure and access to training, and government policies. Adaptive strategies that emerge include strengthening internal solidarity, self-training, and orientation to the sustainability of educational services in the midst of limitations. This study concludes that learning leadership in remote areas is adaptive and contextual, so its development needs to consider geographical, social, and structural factors to be in harmony with the reality of the field.

Badr Al Faiya, Stephen McArthur, Ivana Kockar

Distribution networks will experience more installations of distributed generation (DG) that is unpredictable and stochastic in nature. Greater distributed control and intelligence will allow challenges such as voltage control to be handled effectively. The partitioning of power networks into smaller clusters provides a method to split the control problem into manageable sub-problems. This paper presents a community detection-based partitioning technique for distribution networks considering local DGs, allowing them to be grouped and controlled in a distributed manner by using local signals and measurements. This method also allows each community to control the voltage using only neighboring DGs, and for each community to self-organize to reflect varying DG conditions and to maintain stable control. Simulations demonstrate that the partitioning of the large distribution network is effective, and each community is able to self-organize and to regulate the voltage independently using only its local DGs.

Tom Benhamou, James Cummings, Gabriel Goldberg et al.

We introduce a new class of ultrafilters which generalizes the well-known class of simple $P$-point ultrafilters. We prove that for any well-founded $σ$-directed partial order $\mathbb{D}$ there is a mild forcing extension where there is an ultrafilter $U$ on $ω$ with a base $\mathcal{B}$ such that $(\mathcal{B},\supseteq^*)\cong \mathbb{D}$. On a measurable cardinal we prove a similar result: relative to a supercompact cardinal, it is consistent that $κ$ is supercompact, and for a $κ^+$-directed well-founded poset $\mathbb{D}$, there is a ${<}κ$-directed closed $κ^+$-cc forcing extension where there is a \emph{normal} ultrafilter $U$ on $κ$ with a base $\mathcal{B}$ such that $(\mathcal{B},\supseteq^*)\cong \mathbb{D}$. These are optimal results in the class of $P$-points and realize every potential structure of a $P$-point. We apply our constructions to obtain ultrafilters with controlled Tukey-type, in particular, an ultrafilter with non-convex Tukey and depth spectra is presented, answering questions from \cite{Benhamou_2024}. Our construction also provides new models where $\mathfrak{u}_κ<2^κ$, answering questions from \cite{Benhamou_Goldberg2025}.

Peng Liu, Lian Cheng, Benjamin P. Omell et al.

Generation planning approaches face challenges in managing the incompatible mathematical structures between stochastic production simulations for reliability assessment and optimization models for generation planning, which hinders the integration of reliability constraints. This study proposes an approach to embedding reliability verification constraints into generation expansion planning by leveraging a weighted oblique decision tree (WODT) technique. For each planning year, a generation mix dataset, labeled with reliability assessment simulations, is generated. An WODT model is trained using this dataset. Reliability-feasible regions are extracted via depth-first search technique and formulated as disjunctive constraints. These constraints are then transformed into mixed-integer linear form using a convex hull modeling technique and embedded into a unit commitment-integrated generation expansion planning model. The proposed approach is validated through a long-term generation planning case study for the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) region, demonstrating its effectiveness in achieving reliable and optimal planning solutions.

, Séverine Carillon, Ibrahima Gueye et al.

Objectives Public awareness and the dissemination of tailored information to lay populations are essential for highly endemic countries like Senegal to achieve hepatitis B elimination targets by 2030. In Senegal, despite its high prevalence, hepatitis B has not received sufficient attention in health communication campaigns compared with other health issues like HIV. We aimed to explore knowledge and perceptions surrounding hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as the influence of digital media on the information accessed by individuals living with HBV in Senegal.Design We employed a mixed-methods approach combining qualitative semistructured interviews conducted with people living with HBV enrolled in the Senegalese hepatitis B cohort (SEN-B), with a quantitative content analysis of online news coverage focused on HBV within the online media of Senegal.Setting A referral University hospital in Dakar, Senegal.Participants 29 individuals aged &gt;18 years presenting with a positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) with a median age of 40 years (IQR 27–54), of whom 51.7% were female.Outcomes and analysis Qualitative interviews were conducted between December 2019 and October 2021, and we employed purposive sampling to select participants enrolled in SEN-B. Thematic analysis facilitated a systematic synthesis of respondents’ narratives. All data analyses were performed using Atlas.ti (V.22). For content analysis of online media news collected from September 2019 to May 2022, a structured data extraction form was developed to collect relevant information from the selected online news articles. Data on readers’ comments spaces were extracted using an inductive approach and were processed using thematic analyses. The quantitative data issued from content analysis were exported to Stata SE V.17.0 (StataCorp) for statistical analysis.Results We observed a generalised lack of knowledge about HBV among participants, some of whom had never heard of the virus prior to their screening. Incomprehension regarding the disease contributed to feelings of fear and anxiety, leading participants to express various concerns about their personal health status, transmission, cure and treatment(s). The presence of rumours surrounding the disease further underscored the limited awareness of HBV revealing the marginal recognition of HBV as a significant societal concern. In many cases, the absence of effective health communication strategies at the national level resulted in individuals turning to traditional and online media for information, which often intensified their fears and concerns about HBV. An analysis of Senegalese media coverage about HBV included 157 articles published between 2009 and 2022. 55.4% (87/157) of these publications appeared in July, coinciding with World Hepatitis Day, while 65.0% (102/157) focused on general HBV epidemiology and activities led by the National Hepatitis Programme. Online media also served as informal spaces where unaccredited actors within the health sector promoted treatments lacking official verification. Additionally, the reactions’ spaces provided a venue for the exchange of information, though without any guarantee of its accuracy.Conclusions Facilitating collaboration and engagement between health communication stakeholders and communities is crucial for effectively disseminating structured information and culturally appropriate messages, ultimately contributing to raising awareness of HBV.

Bi - Claude Évariste ZAN , Laminou OUMAROU

L’étude explore les perceptions des populations locales face au développement du tourisme balnéaire à San Pedro (Côte d’Ivoire). En se distinguant par une méthodologie mixte de type exploratoire, elle identifie trois sortes de perceptions : positive, négative et ambivalente. L’hypothèse, selon laquelle les perceptions sont simultanément favorables et défavorables, est rejetée en raison d’une distribution statistique non significative. L’étude met en lumière le décalage entre les textes réglementaires encadrant le tourisme et les réalités vécues sur le terrain, en ouvrant la voie à une réflexion sur la nécessité d’une gouvernance inclusive, d’une régulation renforcée et d’une valorisation des savoirs locaux.

Austin C. Kozlowski, Hyunku Kwon, James A. Evans

By training deep neural networks on massive archives of digitized text, large language models (LLMs) learn the complex linguistic patterns that constitute historic and contemporary discourses. We argue that LLMs can serve as a valuable tool for sociological inquiry by enabling accurate simulation of respondents from specific social and cultural contexts. Applying LLMs in this capacity, we reconstruct the public opinion landscape of 2019 to examine the extent to which the future polarization over COVID-19 was prefigured in existing political discourse. Using an LLM trained on texts published through 2019, we simulate the responses of American liberals and conservatives to a battery of pandemic-related questions. We find that the simulated respondents reproduce observed partisan differences in COVID-19 attitudes in 84% of cases, significantly greater than chance. Prompting the simulated respondents to justify their responses, we find that much of the observed partisan gap corresponds to differing appeals to freedom, safety, and institutional trust. Our findings suggest that the politicization of COVID-19 was largely consistent with the prior ideological landscape, and this unprecedented event served to advance history along its track rather than change the rails.

Linmi Tao, Ruiyang Liu, Donglai Tao et al.

Numerical difference computation is one of the cores and indispensable in the modern digital era. Tao general difference (TGD) is a novel theory and approach to difference computation for discrete sequences and arrays in multidimensional space. Built on the solid theoretical foundation of the general difference in a finite interval, the TGD operators demonstrate exceptional signal processing capabilities in real-world applications. A novel smoothness property of a sequence is defined on the first- and second TGD. This property is used to denoise one-dimensional signals, where the noise is the non-smooth points in the sequence. Meanwhile, the center of the gradient in a finite interval can be accurately location via TGD calculation. This solves a traditional challenge in computer vision, which is the precise localization of image edges with noise robustness. Furthermore, the power of TGD operators extends to spatio-temporal edge detection in three-dimensional arrays, enabling the identification of kinetic edges in video data. These diverse applications highlight the properties of TGD in discrete domain and the significant promise of TGD for the computation across signal processing, image analysis, and video analytic.

LOMPO Miyemba

Le Burkina Faso, à l’image d’autres pays de sahel traverse une crise sécuritaire et humanitaire sans précédent provoquée par des attaques de groupes terroristes et autres conflits exposant les femmes et les enfants à des multiples risques et dangers. S’inscrivant dans une démarche mixte, le présent article vise à analyser l’impact de la crise sur le quotidien de la femme déplacée interne. Les résultats de la recherche montrent que les déplacements de population ont renforcé le patriarcat et les violences basées sur le genre. La crise a engendré des stratégies d’adaptation en termes de réorganisation du travail dans les ménages.

Barbara Czarniawska

This article explores Bruno Latour's innovative perspectives on the study of organisations. It goes back to his speech at EGOS in 1993. In it he asked what the sociology of science could contribute to the study of organisation. For Latour, organisation is achieved through interactions that also consider the artefacts that enable interactions to last and to act at a distance. He introduces the idea that organisation is an act of dispatchment: a human or non-human device that follow a script and the connections it establishes. Later, he defended the idea that we can only speak of ‘organisation’ when we have temporarily ceased to organise. Organisations are ‘ghosts’ that appear when the fact of organising, as a mode of existence, disappears. Organisation is inseparable from disorganisation and reorganisation. Organisational scripts circulate between actors who allocate humans and non-humans to accomplish tasks. He suggests adopting an ethnologist's perspective to trace the phenomenon, while ignoring the metalanguage of economists. Organisation begins with the preparation of a script, using the performative powers of fiction, plans and programmes, and continues with the disorganisation and reorganisation associated with their implementation. For Latour, organisations are the effects of the fact of organising, and not the other way round. This highlights the materiality of the arrangements through which scripts are stacked and articulated.

Paul DiMaggio, H. Louch

Karin Erdmann, Andrzej Skowroński

In [arXiv:1902.04063] we generalize the original definition of weighted surface algebras in [arXiv:1703.02346] by allowing the possibility that arrows might not be part of the Gabriel quiver, which gives a much larger class of algebras. This means that the zero relations need modification, to make sure that the algebras are symmetric, and of the appropriate dimension. We found recently that we had missed one necessary modification for the zero relations. Here we give the correct definition, and revise the parts of [arXiv:1902.04063] which are affected by this modification.

Yang Yang, Xia Hu, Haoyan Liu et al.

Human trafficking is a serious social problem, and it is challenging mainly because of its difficulty in collecting and organizing related information. With the increasing popularity of social media platforms, it provides us a novel channel to tackle the problem of human trafficking through detecting and analyzing a large amount of human trafficking related information. Existing supervised learning methods cannot be directly applied to this problem due to the distinct characteristics of the social media data. First, the short, noisy, and unstructured textual information makes traditional learning algorithms less effective in detecting human trafficking related tweets. Second, complex social interactions lead to a high-dimensional feature space and thus present great computational challenges. In the meanwhile, social sciences theories such as homophily have been well established and achieved success in various social media mining applications. Motivated by the sociological findings, in this paper, we propose to investigate whether the Network Structure Information (NSI) could be potentially helpful for the human trafficking problem. In particular, a novel mathematical optimization framework is proposed to integrate the network structure into content modeling. Experimental results on a real-world dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed framework in detecting human trafficking related information.

Dipendra Prasad

For a connected quasi-split reductive algebraic group $G$ over a field $k$, which is either a finite field or a non-archimedean local field, $θ$ an involutive automorphism of $G$ over $k$, let $K =G^θ$. Let $K^1=[K^0,K^0]$, the commutator subgroup of $K^0$, the connected component of identity of $K$. In this paper, we provide a simple condition on $(G,θ)$ for there to be an irreducible admissible generic representations $π$ of $G$ with ${\rm Hom}_{K^1}[π,{\mathbb C}] \not = 0$. The condition is most easily stated in terms of a real reductive group $G_θ({\mathbb R})$ associated to the pair $(G,θ)$ being quasi-split.

Asman Abdullah

This research was a case study that observed the movement of Jamaah Anshorut Tauhid. JAT movement is a jihad movement with the aim of fighting for Islamic Sharia in Indonesia. This research uses qualitative deskriptif method in direct contact with the object under study. It gives a complete picture of the phenomenon of radical Islamic JAT movements that was religiously motivated and understand the process of dynamics and the purpose of the social change that they want. The radical changes that they expect was contradict with the regime in Indonesia. The government's refreshing action accompanies every step of the JAT jihadists. In fact, excessive force often carried out by the authorities to provide a deterrent effect. But such actions only lead to jihadist heroism and reinforce their beliefs. Two things should be explained in the JAT movement, firstly, JAT involvement in Aceh military training in 2010. This military training involved cross-tanzhim jihad in Indonesia. The alumnus of this training will form a new radical network affiliated with ISIS. Second, the influence of ISIS in Indonesia caused a split in JAT. For JAT jihadi that supports ISIS still survives under the leadership of Abu Bakar Ba'asyir and Aman Abdurrahman while those who refuse to join ISIS have to get out of tanzhim. Those who came out of JAT formed a new organisation with the name of Jamaah Anshorut Syariah (JAS) under the leadership of Muhammad Achwan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kasus yang menyorot gerakan Jamaah Anshorut Tauhid. Gerakan JAT merupakan gerakan jihad dengan tujuan memperjuangkan 214 Syariat Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptik kualitatif yang bersentuhan langsung dengan obyek yang diteliti. Memberikan gambaran utuh fenomena gerakan radikal Islam JAT yang bermotif agama dan memahami proses dinamika dan tujuan dari perubahan sosial yang hendak mereka wujudkan. Perubahan radikal yang mereka harapkan bertentangan dengan rezim di Indonesia. Tindakan refresif pemerintah mengiringi setiap langkah para jihadis JAT. Bahkan kerapkali kekerasan berlebihan dilakukan aparat untuk memberikan efek jera. Tetapi tindakan seperti ini hanya menimbulkan sikap heroisme jihadis dan semakin meneguhkan keyakinan mereka. Dua hal yang patut disorot dari gerakan JAT pertama, keterlibatan JAT dalam pelatihan militer Aceh tahun 2010. Pelatihan militer ini melibatkan lintas tanzhim jihad di Indonesia. Alumni dari pelatihan ini kelak membentuk jaringan radikal baru yang berafiliasi dengan ISIS. Kedua, pengaruh ISIS di Indonesia melahirkan perpecahan bagi JAT. Bagi jihadi JAT yang mendukung ISIS tetap bertahan dibawah pimpinan Abu Bakar Ba’asyir dan Aman Abdurrahman sedangkan yang menolak bergabung dengan ISIS harus keluar dari tanzhim. Mereka yang keluar dari JAT membentuk jamaah baru dengan nama Jamaah Anshorut Syariah (JAS) dibawah pimpinan Muhammad Achwan.

Irina V. Lashuk, Elena V. Taranova

<p class="91">This article presents theoretical and methodological justification for the sociological analysis of the culture in the modern society. Social studies allow us to analyze the sphere of culture on two different levels: on a symbolic level where the culture is represented in the form of ideas, values, images and exists in the encrypted format, and on a behavioral level where the encrypted values and rules are expressed through real behavioral models. The sociological analysis of culture in the modern society can be performed using the behavioral models of social groups in different fields. These models show us, on the one hand, how values, standards and rules of particular community are being decrypted into real-life, everyday activities, and, on the other hand, how this activities can be encrypted back into the cultural code in the future and how it will affect the following generations. The authors of this article developed a conceptual model and an operational model to analyze social and cultural structure of Belorussian society: 10.6% of the respondents turned out to be “socially and culturally active” (which means that they use existing resources to the highest possible extent); 30.5% turned out to be “mostly active”; 49.5% - “mostly passive”, and 9.3% - “mostly inactive”. This analysis allowed to determine the character of interaction between the social and cultural processes and the economic processes in the context of the development of the Republic of Belarus. It is proven that the respondents with higher social and cultural activity level also show higher economic activity level and strive to improve the quality of their lives.</p>

Armelle Parey

Jane Austen rewards her heroines with a marriage at the end of her novels but the question arises as to whether these marriages are a sign of poetic justice whose existence is not a given in Sense and Sensibility. Contrasting views point to an ambiguity inherent in the 1811 text, an ambiguity which will be explored in the course of this paper. The novel was adapted to the screen by Ang Lee in 1995 in a big-budget Columbia pictures film and we shall also examine what happens to this ambiguity regarding poetic justice in the film considering adaptations often lose in subtlety and prefer to promote a marked happy ending. This paper thus proposes to re-examine the presence or absence of poetic justice in the endings to the novel and to its film adaptation as an indication of the critical commentary each work offers on the society it depicts.

Enrico Arbarello, Andrea Bruno, Gavril Farkas et al.

Let $p_1,\dots, p_9$ be the points in $\mathbb A^2(\mathbb Q)\subset \mathbb P^2(\mathbb Q)$ with coordinates $$(-2,3),(-1,-4),(2,5),(4,9),(52,375), (5234, 37866),(8, -23), (43, 282), \Bigl(\frac{1}{4}, -\frac{33}{8} \Bigr)$$ respectively. We prove that, for any genus $g$, a plane curve of degree $3g$ having a $g$-tuple point at $p_1,\dots, p_8$, and a $(g-1)$-tuple point at $p_9$, and no other singularities, exists and is a Brill-Noether general curve of genus $g$, while a general curve in that $g$-dimensional linear system is a Brill-Noether-Petri general curve of genus $g$.

Flávia Silva Clemente

<p>No presente artigo analisaremos a execução do Programa de Proteção a Vítimas e Testemunhas Ameaçadas de Morte (Provita) brasileiro, que foi formulado e executado pela organização não governamental, Gabinete de Assessoria Jurídica às Organizações Populares (GAJOP). Seu objetivo principal foi conhecer como os elementos do ideário neoliberal estão expressos nessa execução do Provita, que por meio de uma análise documental, concluímos pela necessidade de realização de mudanças no programa.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Palavras-chaves:</strong> Neoliberalismo. Estado. Sociedade Civil. Provita.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract:</strong> In this article we will analyze the implementation of a Protection Program for victims and witnesses threatened with death (PROVITA), created and developed in Brazil by GAJOP, a non-governmental organization that works with legal counsel for popular organizations. The main objective of this article is to understand how the elements of neoliberal ideas are expressed in PROVITA’s implementation. Document analysis was the methodological choice used, which points the need to make change in the program.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Neoliberalism, State and civil society</p>

Andrei T. Patrascu

This note is to bring to the reader's attention the fact that general relativity and quantum mechanics differ from each other in one main aspect. General relativity is based on the diffeomorphism covariant formulation of the laws of physics while quantum mechanics is constructed such that its fundamental laws remain invariant to a change of topology. It is the goal of this paper to show that in order to obtain a complete description of quantum gravity one has to extend the principle of diffeomorphism invariance from general relativity in the sense of quantum mechanics i.e. the laws of physics must be covariant to a change in the topology of spacetime.