Hasil untuk "Miscellaneous systems and treatments"

Chan-Young Kwon, Chen Shen, Tetsuhiro Yoshino et al.

Hatice Çelik Yiğit, Ayten Altıntaş

Amaç: İsmâil Cürcânî (1042–1137), Selçuklu döneminde yaşamış, klasik İslâm tıbbının önde gelen hekimlerinden biridir. Bu çalışma, İsmâîl Cürcânî’nin Zahîre-i Hârizmşâhî adlı eserinin Türkçe tercümesi olan Kanûn el-İlâc ve Şifâ el-Emrâz li Küllî Mizâc adlı ansiklopedik tıp kitabında yer alan diş ağrıları ve tedavi metotlarını inceleyerek günümüz alfabesine kazandırmayı ve eserin Türk tıp tarihi içindeki yerini ve katkılarını ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntem: Eserin Hüsrev Paşa Koleksiyonu (No. 463) ve Topkapı Sarayı Emanet Hazinesi Koleksiyonu (No. 1832)’nde yer alan yazma nüshaları incelenmiş; bu nüshalar, Farsça matbu edisyonla karşılaştırılmıştır. Transkripsiyon sürecinde, İSNAD Basit Transkripsiyon Kılavuzu esas alınmıştır. Bulgular: Diş ağrılarının sû-i mizâc kavramı çerçevesinde değerlendirilip maddeli ve maddesiz olmak üzere ikiye ayrıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Maddeli sû-i mizâc, vücutta biriken zararlı maddelerin dişe ulaşarak ağrıya sebep olduğu durumu ifade ederken, maddesiz sû-i mizâc, doğrudan mizacın dengesizliğiyle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Tedavi, hastalığa sebep olan maddenin vücuttan uzaklaştırılmasına dayanmakta olup, fasd (kan alma), ishal, gargara, tütsü, dağlama ve lokal ilaç uygulamaları gibi yöntemleri içermektedir. Dişin rengindeki değişim, aşınma, hareketlilik ve diş etindeki şişlik gibi belirtiler göz önünde bulundurularak teşhis yöntemleri sunulmuştur. Sonuç: Tercümesi Ebülfazl Mehmed Efendi (Ö.1574) tarafından yapılan eserin, orijinal yapısı büyük ölçüde muhafaza edilmiş, özellikle Türkçe konuşan geniş halk kitlesinin, bu değerli tıp bilgilerine erişimini sağlama amacı güdülmüştür. Diş ağrılarının tedavisinde dönemin tıbbî paradigmasına uygun şekilde mizaca dayalı bir yaklaşım benimsenmiş; hastalığın mahiyetine uygun ilaçlar tercih edilmiş ve yalnızca lokal belirtiler değil, sistemik etkenler de dikkate alınarak bütüncül bir tedavi anlayışı ortaya konmuştur.

Harpreet Singh, Faizan Zaffar Kashoo, Chandan Kumar

Abstract Greater tuberosity (GT) fractures of the humerus contribute to 14–20% of all proximal humeral fractures (PHF) and provide considerable challenges because of their proximity to the rotator cuff, which may negatively affect shoulder function if left untreated. A 45-year-old man who had an isolated, non-displaced GT fracture in a motorbike accident is the subject of this case report. The patient received a new virtual reality (VR) intervention and a thorough rehabilitation programme after an initial period of immobility. Through the VR component, the patient was able to participate in immersive exercises designed to improve motivation and movement. Assessments of range of motion and the Constant-Murley Score (CMS), which increased from 16 on day 1 to 33 at the completion of therapy, were used to track progress. Significant gains in shoulder mobility and patient-reported outcomes were observed in the results, indicating that the use of virtual reality could increase the effectiveness of rehabilitation. Further investigation in larger clinical studies is necessary in the context of this example, which supports the potential use of VR as an adjuvant in shoulder rehabilitation following a GT fracture.

Thangamani Ramalingam Alagappan, Aparna Vajpayee

Abstract Introduction Experience of chronic musculoskeletal pain over a longer period includes physical and mental health problems. Chronic musculoskeletal pain is predicated on the biopsychosocial paradigm and entails complex interactions between biological, psychological, and social factors. This study aims to evaluate the interrelationships between chronic musculoskeletal pain characteristics, demographic factors, and psychological well-being among adults in primary healthcare settings. Methods This study used a convenience sample of 125 adults diagnosed with chronic musculoskeletal pain from primary healthcare settings who participated in this study. Measures included the Numerical pain rating scale & Brief Pain Inventory for pain characteristics, a structured questionnaire for demographic data, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale for psychological assessments. Data were collected adhering to ethical guidelines. Results Participants average age was 40.02 ± 11.00 years, with a mean condition duration of 25.32 ± 36.26 months. Pain severity was high (mean score = 6.39), with significant levels of anxiety (mean Anxiety = 8.38), and depression (mean Depression = 7.25). Correlation analyses revealed positive associations between pain severity, anxiety, and depression, (p < 0.05). Gender negatively correlated with anxiety and depression, while condition duration positively correlated with depression. Conclusion By elucidating relationships among pain severity, demographics, and psychological distress, it underscores the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration and personalized interventions to optimize outcomes in CMP management.

Dharmita Yogeshwar, Janvhi Singh, Tapaswini Sahoo et al.

Abstract Background Pregnancy is a pivotal phase characterized by substantial physical, emotional, and psychological transitions. These changes can heighten stress levels and, in certain instances, lead to burnout. However, burnout during pregnancy remains a relatively neglected area of research, particularly in terms of its effects on quality of life (QOL) and overall life satisfaction. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of burnout among pregnant women and to explore its relationship with their quality of life and life satisfaction. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out among pregnant women visiting antenatal clinics in Jaipur, India. Participants were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Burnout was evaluated during pregnancy using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, while QOL and life satisfaction were measured using validated tools such as Indian Pregnant Women Quality of Life Index (IPW-QOL) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS). Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships between all the components using SPSS software. Results A Total of 252 pregnant women’s participated in the study and all the subjects experienced low (36.90%) to severe (5.55%) burnout levels. Increased burnout scores were significantly linked to reduced scores across all subject quality of life. Furthermore, life satisfaction was also correlated with burnout (p < 0.05). Conclusion Burnout is common among pregnant women and has a detrimental effect on both quality of life and life satisfaction. These findings emphasize the importance of early identification and targeted support for burnout during pregnancy and aiming to enhance maternal health to ensure better pregnancy outcomes.

Lucian Cristian Iacob, Roland Tóth, Maarten Schoukens

The challenge of finding exact and finite-dimensional Koopman embeddings of nonlinear systems has been largely circumvented by employing data-driven techniques to learn models of different complexities (e.g., linear, bilinear, input affine). Although these models may provide good accuracy, selecting the model structure and dimension is still ad-hoc and it is difficult to quantify the error that is introduced. In contrast to the general trend of data-driven learning, in this paper, we develop a systematic technique for nonlinear systems that produces a finite-dimensional and exact embedding. If the nonlinear system is represented as a network of series and parallel linear and nonlinear (polynomial) blocks, one can derive an associated Koopman model that has constant state and output matrices and the input influence is polynomial. Furthermore, if the linear blocks do not have feedthrough, the Koopman representation simplifies to a bilinear model.

Guang An Ooi, Otavio Bertozzi, Mohd Asim Aftab et al.

Modern power systems with high penetration of inverter-based resources exhibit complex dynamic behaviors that challenge the scalability and generalizability of traditional stability assessment methods. This paper presents a dynamic recurrent adjacency memory network (DRAMN) that combines physics-informed analysis with deep learning for real-time power system stability forecasting. The framework employs sliding-window dynamic mode decomposition to construct time-varying, multi-layer adjacency matrices from phasor measurement unit and sensor data to capture system dynamics such as modal participation factors, coupling strengths, phase relationships, and spectral energy distributions. As opposed to processing spatial and temporal dependencies separately, DRAMN integrates graph convolution operations directly within recurrent gating mechanisms, enabling simultaneous modeling of evolving dynamics and temporal dependencies. Extensive validations on modified IEEE 9-bus, 39-bus, and a multi-terminal HVDC network demonstrate high performance, achieving 99.85%, 99.90%, and 99.69% average accuracies, respectively, surpassing all tested benchmarks, including classical machine learning algorithms and recent graph-based models. The framework identifies optimal combinations of measurements that reduce feature dimensionality by 82% without performance degradation. Correlation analysis between dominant measurements for small-signal and transient stability events validates generalizability across different stability phenomena. DRAMN achieves state-of-the-art accuracy while providing enhanced interpretability for power system operators, making it suitable for real-time deployment in modern control centers.

Changwu Liu, Yuan Shen

Linear observed systems on manifolds are a special class of nonlinear systems whose state spaces are smooth manifolds but possess properties similar to linear systems. Such properties can be characterized by preintegration and exact linearization with Jacobians independent of the linearization point. Non-biased IMU dynamics in navigation can be constructed into linear observed settings, leading to invariant filters with guaranteed behaviors such as local convergence and consistency. In this letter, we establish linear observed property for systems evolving on a smooth manifold through the connection structure endowed upon this space. Our key findings are the existence of linear observed systems on manifolds poses constraints on the curvature of the state space, beyond requiring the dynamics to be compatible with some connection-preserving transformations. Specifically, the flat connection case reproduces the characterization of linear observed systems on Lie groups, showing our theory is a true generalization.

S. A. N. Nouwens, M. M. Paulides, W. P. M. H. Heemels

Accurate state estimates are required for increasingly complex systems, to enable, for example, feedback control. However, available state estimation schemes are not necessarily real-time feasible for certain large-scale systems. Therefore, we develop in this paper, a real-time feasible state-estimation scheme for a class of large-scale systems that approximates the steady state Kalman filter. In particular, we focus on systems where the state-vector is the result of discretizing the spatial domain, as typically seen in Partial Differential Equations. In such cases, the correlation between states in the state-vector often have an intuitive interpretation on the spatial domain, which can be exploited to obtain a significant reduction in computational complexity, while still providing accurate state estimates. We illustrate these strengths of our method through a hyperthermia cancer treatment case study. The results of the case study show significant improvements in the computation time, while simultaneously obtaining good state estimates, when compared to Ensemble Kalman filters and Kalman filters using reduced-order models.

Kaito Ito, Kenji Kashima

This letter investigates dynamical optimal transport of underactuated linear systems over an infinite time horizon. In our previous work, we proposed to integrate model predictive control and the celebrated Sinkhorn algorithm to perform efficient dynamical transport of agents. However, the proposed method requires the invertibility of input matrices, which severely limits its applicability. To resolve this issue, we extend the method to (possibly underactuated) controllable linear systems. In addition, we ensure the convergence properties of the method for general controllable linear systems. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated by a numerical example.

Gustavo Melz, Cristine Maria Warmling

A pandemia da COVID-19 impactou diretamente a vida e processo de trabalho dos trabalhadores de saúde bucal, produzindo aumento dos níveis de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. O acesso à informação e a educação atua sobre esses fatores? Aproxima trabalhadores de saúde bucal da rede pública e privada no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19? O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar o processo de trabalho de cirurgiões-dentistas vinculados aos serviços públicos e privados no contexto da pandemia da COVID-19 no município de Cachoerinha/RS. Estudo de caso do tipo único integrado com abordagem qualitativa de práticas discursivas narrativas de história de trabalho e de vida de trabalhadores de saúde bucal. O cenário foi o município de Cachoeirinha/RS que segundo o CRO possui 109 cirurgiões-dentistas ativos cadastrados no município e 26 atuam no SUS. Serão realizadas entrevistas abertas presenciais ou por meio do uso de plataforma on-line guiadas por um roteiro de categorias contextuais abordando o vínculo de trabalho, a gestão do trabalho, o acesso à informação, educação em saúde e perspectiva futura no trabalho. Pretende-se produzir narrativas sobre os processos vivenciados pelos trabalhadores de saúde bucal. Análises de práticas discursivas serão realizadas. Os resultados esperados são: identificar como os trabalhadores de saúde bucal atualizam suas práticas no contexto da pandemia de coronavírus, quais as convergências ou divergências entre trabalhadores do setor público e privado e se há elementos identificados de precarização social do trabalho induzidos pelo contexto, para subsidiar informativos e processos de educação em saúde. Palavras-chave: Saúde bucal. COVID-19. Educação Continuada. Setor Público. Setor privado. 

Ramona Fernanda Ceriotti Toassi, Mariangela Kraemer Lenz Ziede

O viver um período pandêmico segue nos desafiando e gerando novas experiências e perguntas/questões de pesquisa. As produções da primeira edição de 2022 da ‘Saberes Plurais: educação na saúde’ expressam este viver. Os relatos de experiência abordam as temáticas da educação em saúde – produção de materiais educativos audiovisuais para pacientes com asmas e de materiais educativos digitais para usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS)  e intervenções com adolescentes escolares –, e da educação permanente de profissionais da saúde. Os artigos originais mobilizam, a partir de diferentes metodologias, a educação interprofissional nas Residências Multiprofissionais, as tecnologias educacionais para a consulta do profissional enfermeiro, a formação para a preceptoria e a saúde mental de estudantes do curso de Medicina. Por fim, um ensaio crítico discute os custos psicossociais da pandemia nas sociedades que integram a União Europeia. São textos que nos permitem a análise-reflexão de problemáticas que articulam questões da Educação e da Saúde, tanto na formação quanto no processo de cuidado em saúde, trazendo-nos a possibilidade de aprender ‘com’ e ‘sobre’ o outro. A intenção é essa: inspiração, ação e transformação!

Hwa yeon Ryu, Hyun Lee, Jae Hui Kang

Background To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Phellinus linteus (PL) extract for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis (KOA) a pilot clinical study was performed. Methods There were 24 patients with KOA who enrolled in this double-blind, randomized, controlled, clinical trial. There were 3 groups: PL 1,000 mg/day (PL 1,000), PL 1,500 mg/day (PL 1,500), and dextrin 3,000 mg/day (placebo). Patients took capsules twice a day, 3 capsules at a time, over 8 weeks. Patients were monitored prior to treatment (Visit 1: Week 0), and followed up every 4 weeks (Visit 2: Week 4 and Visit 3: Week 8) where outcome measurements were taken. The primary outcome measure was the score from the Korean version of the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities from baseline to Week 8. The secondary outcomes were measurements from the visual analog scale, quality of life scale, erythrocyte sedimentation, and c-reactive protein. Adverse events were recorded at every visit. Results The Korean version of the Western Ontario and McMasters Universities score showed the greatest improvement in symptoms of KOA in the PL 1,500 group compared with the placebo group. The erythrocyte sedimentation tended to decrease in the PL 1,500 group compared with the placebo group (which was within the normal range). The visual analog scale score decreased in all groups, with no significant differences between groups. No adverse events related to PL were reported. There were no abnormal hematological or physical findings. Conclusion This pilot clinical trial was the first step to assess the efficacy and safety of PL used in the treatment of patients with KOA.

Jianjian Wang, Mingfu Zheng, Qiangqiang Guo et al.

Armin Nurkanović, Moritz Diehl

This letter introduces the NOnSmooth Numerical Optimal Control (NOSNOC) open-source software package. It is a modular MATLAB tool based on CasADi and IPOPT for numerically solving Optimal Control Problems (OCP) with piecewise smooth systems (PSS). The tool supports: 1) automatic reformulation of systems with state jumps into PSS (via the time-freezing reformulation [Nurkanović et al., 2021]) and of PSS into computationally more convenient forms, 2) automatic discretization of the OCP via, e.g., the recently introduced Finite Elements with Switch Detection [Nurkanović et al., 2022] which enables high accuracy optimal control and simulation of PSS, 3) solution methods for the resulting discrete-time OCP. The nonsmooth discrete-time OCP are solved with techniques of continuous optimization in a homotopy procedure, without the use of integer variables. This enables the treatment of a broad class of nonsmooth systems in a unified way. Two tutorial examples are given. A benchmark shows that NOSNOC provides both faster and more accurate solutions than conventional approaches, including mixed-integer formulations.

Jerome Rousseau, Mike Todd

Given a dynamical system, we prove that the shortest distance between two $n$-orbits scales like $n$ to a power even when the system has slow mixing properties, thus building and improving on results of Barros, Liao and the first author. We also extend these results to flows. Finally, we give an example for which the shortest distance between two orbits has no scaling limit.

Matthew Deakin, Phil C. Taylor, Janusz Bialek et al.

Distribution systems will require new cost-effective solutions to provide network capacity and increased flexibility to accommodate Low Carbon Technologies. To address this need, we propose the Hybrid Multi-Terminal Soft Open Point (Hybrid MT-SOP) to efficiently provide distribution system interconnection capacity. Each leg of the Hybrid MT-SOP has an AC/DC converter connected in series with a bank of AC switches (Feeder Selector Switches) to allow the converter to connect to any of the feeders at a node. Asymmetric converter sizing is shown to increase feasible power transfers by up to 50% in the three-terminal case, whilst a conic mixed-integer program is formulated to optimally select the device configuration and power transfers. A case study shows the Hybrid MT-SOP increasing utilization of the converters by more than one third, with a 13% increase in system loss reduction as compared to an equally-sized MT-SOP.

Nooshin Fazaeli, N. Bahador, S. Hesami

Biosurfactants, produced by microorganisms, are surface-active compounds with abundant applications in miscellaneous industries like food, cosmetics, bioremediation, agriculture, and so on. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the larvicidal activity of biosurfactants produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) isolated from petrochemical wastes. As the secondary objective, this study was to perform a phylogenetic analysis of this bacterium. To this end, the type of the extracted biosurfactant was characterized using the thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and the gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The isolated bacterium was then identified through molecular tests based on 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (16S rRNA) and serum response factor (srf ) genes. Likewise, the phylogenetic tree of the bacterium was deduced via the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA-X) software. Besides, the larvicidal activity of the biosurfactant on the larvae of flour beetles, Tribolium castaneum (T. castaneum), was examined. The mean mortality rate and the lethal dose (LD50) were further calculated using the Statistical Analysis System (SAS) and the Probit Analysis-MSChart software. Totally, nine diverse types of colonies were isolated and three of them were found with potential activity to produce biosurfactants. The best bacterium was accordingly selected for subsequent experiments recruiting the oil displacement process and the emulsification index (E24). The extracted biosurfactant was then characterized as a lipopeptide. Moreover, biochemical tests showed that the bacterium was Gram-positive cocci of gamma species. Hemolysis and molecular tests also confirmed that the bacterium was S. epidermidis. As well, the presence of the SRF gene in the isolation was established via the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mean mortality rate revealed that the mentioned bacterial biosurfactant at the concentration of 10000 μg/g and on the ninth day of the treatment had the highest larval mortality rate (63.33%). In addition, the LD50 equal to 25001.7 μg/g was calculated for S. epidermidis on the ninth day. The results demonstrated that the biosurfactant *e-mail: bahador@iaushiraz.ac.ir DOI: 10.15244/pjoes/132807 ONLINE PUBLICATION DATE: 2021-07-13 Fazaeli N., et al. 4512

Jonasz Dragon, E. Obuchowicz

As major depression among children and adolescents becomes a growing issue in our society, a lot of effort has been made to broaden our knowledge about this disease in order to improve its diagnostics and treatment options. Traditional theory about neurotransmitter deficits, even though it was a huge step forward in understanding pathophysiology of depression, seems not to discuss the topic at length. With growing incidence of marijuana consumption among youngsters and its psychiatric implications, a lot of attention has been paid to endocannabinoid system and its role in pathophysiology of depressive disorders. An Early Life Stress is a preclinical developmental model of depressive-like disorders in rodents that has been exploited to explore alterations in endocannabinoid system. This protocol has however different modifications with miscellaneous outcomes. For understandable bioethical reasons there is significantly lower number of clinical studies that describe endocannabinoid variations in adolescent humans. Even though some reviews that discuss alterations in endocannabinoid system in result of early life stress already J Psychiatry Psychiatric Disord 2021; 5 (3): 89-106 DOI: 10.26502/jppd.2572-519X0136 Journal of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Disorders 90 exist, none of them puts these data together with information from human adolescent population. This reviewdescribes possible changes in the mentioned system in early life stress presented in recent papers and compares them with limited data we have from clinical studies performed among adolescent population.