Hasil untuk "Industrial relations"

B. I. Kuznetsov, A. S. Kutsenko, T. B. Nikitina et al.

Problem. Most studies of power frequency magnetic field reduced to safe level in in residential buildings located near overhead power lines carried out based on passive or active electromagnetic shielding, but there is no methodology for designing active-passive systems that include active and solid or multi-circuit passive shields. The goal of the work is to develop the methodology of multi objective design of active-passive electromagnetic shielding system, consisting of active and solid self or multi-circuit passive parts to improve shielding efficiency of initial magnetic field in residential building edges generated by overhead power lines to sanitary standards level. This goal proposed to achieve based on metaheuristic optimization method Methodology. Multi objective design methodology of active-passive shielding system based on solution of the geometric inverse problem of magnetostatics for the resulting magnetic field generated by the transmission line wires, compensation windings of the active shielding system and a passive shield in the form of a solid or multi-loop shield. The geometric forward problem is solved based on solutions of Maxwell’s equation for magnetic field three-dimensional model using the COMSOL Multiphysics software. The solution of the geometric inverse problem of magnetostatics is formulated as a minimax vector problem of nonlinear programming. The solution of the minimax vector problem of nonlinear programming is calculated based on the metaeristic optimization algorithm from Pareto optimal solutions taking into account binary preference relations. Results. During combined active and solid or multi-circuit passive shielding system design spatial arrangement coordinates of solid or multi-loop passive shield and compensating windings, as well as windings currents and phases of active shield calculated. New scientific results are theoretical and experimental studies of a designed combined active and of solid or multi-circuit passive shielding system efficiency for magnetic field created by overhead power lines. Scientific novelty. For the first time multi objective design methodology for combined active and solid or multi-circuit passive shielding system taking into account original field shielding effectiveness decrease in residential building edges for more effective reduction of industrial frequency magnetic field created by overhead power lines developed. Practical value. Practical recommendations for the reasonable choice of the coordinates of the spatial arrangement of compensation windings of the active shielding system and a passive shield in the form of a solid or multi-loop shield, as well as the currents and phases in the compensation windings, parameters of regulators of the open and closed controls of the two degrees of freedom active shielding system and parameters of positions of magnetic field sensors of the active shielding system for magnetic field generated by overhead power lines in residential building space are given. The possibility of reducing the initial magnetic field induction to the sanitary standards level shown. References 48, figures 11.

Yuvarajan Devarajan, Raja T, Shakti Prakash Jena et al.

Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) have become enduring pollutants in aquatic ecosystems, posing escalating threats to biological communities and human well-being and necessitating advanced separation methodologies. Functional membranes and engineered adsorbents with customized surface chemistry, wettability, and porosity have demonstrated significant potential for extracting MNPs from potable water, sewage, and industrial discharges. This review meticulously scrutinizes recent progress in MNP-focused separation materials and system architectures, accentuating the influence of particle size, polymeric composition, environmental degradation, and biofilm interactions on removal efficacy. Polymeric, ceramic, and hybrid membranes, in conjunction with mineral- and bio-derived adsorbents, are evaluated concerning antifouling capacity, regeneration potential, and compatibility with concurrent contaminant removal. Emerging process configurations, including membrane bioreactors, dynamic filtration systems, and hybrid adsorption–oxidation methodologies, are examined with respect to hydraulic performance, fouling progression, and energy requirements. The review underscores that aggregation or immobilization should not be misconstrued as genuine eradication, emphasizing the necessity for enduring containment strategies. Principal challenges, such as material deterioration, secondary microplastic formation, analytical ambiguity, and limited techno-economic evaluations, are discussed. Aligned with Sustainable Development Goals 6 and 12, this work proposes an integrated framework amalgamating advanced materials, optimized system architecture, and digital oversight for sustainable MNP abatement.

Ridha Amaliyah

The expansion of Chinese foreign direct investment (FDI) in Indonesia, particularly in the nickel downstream sector, has reshaped local political and social dynamics in resource-rich regions. This article critically examines the relationship between Chinese companies and local actors through a case study of Indonesia Morowali Industrial Park (IMIP) in Central Sulawesi. Employing Alvin Camba’s concept of social embeddedness, the study analyzes how Chinese investment is sustained through interactions among firms, state elites, local governments, and civil society. Based on qualitative analysis of policy documents, media reports, and interviews, the findings reveal that IMIP’s operations are strongly embedded within Indonesia’s central government coalition elites, whose political support facilitates regulatory flexibility and minimizes local resistance. This elite alignment enables investment continuity but simultaneously weakens environmental governance and limits meaningful community participation. While IMIP contributes to local economic growth, it also generates social tensions related to labor practices, environmental degradation, and limited technology transfer. Corporate social responsibility and strategic communication are used to manage, rather than resolve, these structural issues. The article argues that Chinese investment in Indonesia is less driven by market efficiency alone than by political embeddedness within a strong regime. This dynamic highlights the asymmetric power relations between investors, the state, and local communities, raising critical questions about the long-term sustainability and social justice of resource-based development under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Gubu Muga, Chong Liu, Damien S. Tiando et al.

As new progress has been made in urban–rural integration in recent years, the gap between urban and rural development in China has gradually narrowed. However, balancing urban–rural relations, especially accelerating rural development, remains a great challenge. Quantitative research on the level of urban–rural integrated development (URIDL) and its drivers is essential for establishing harmonious urban–rural relations. By utilizing a URIDL indicator system, vertical and horizontal scatter degree method and Geodetector methods, this study evaluates the URIDL in the three agglomerations in China’s Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2010 to 2019, and provides an in-depth exploration of their spatiotemporal evolution and its influencing factors. The results show that: (1) Overall, the URIDL has been on the rise from 2010 to 2019, but the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration (CYUA) is significantly lower than the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River urban agglomeration (MRYRUA). (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the URIDL exhibits a clear clustering effect, with high value areas concentrated in the east (north) and low value areas concentrated in the west (south). (3) The study found that the interaction effects of factors such as the proportion of non-agricultural population to total population (X1), per capita arable land area (X3), and industrial structure (X6) are significant, surpassing the impact of single factors. In addition, the volatility of industrial structure (X6) reflects the impact of China’s economic transformation on URID. This study provides scientific guidance for the high-quality development of urban–rural integration in urban agglomerations. It also provides important theoretical and practical references for optimizing regional development layouts and promoting the coordinated development of urban and rural areas.

Erik de Gier

Industrial sociology would be a more interesting and challenging subdiscipline when also complementary research sources are applied such as photo, film, theatre and literature.In this paper the nature and development of labour relations over a longer time span are assessed in one of the most important twentieth century industrial nations. This is done on the basis of analysing a deliberate selection of a small number of 20th century Japanese documentary industrial novels. Three relevant successive historical periods are discussed: (a) the so-called Red Decade (1924-1934); (b) the period of the unique economic boom after World war II; and finally, (c) the post-modernist period at the end of the twentieth century. The paper concludes that the industrial novels under regard, reflect vividly and from the viewpoint of sociology in an interesting way the nature and evolution of 20th century labour relations in Japan.

Lateef Okikiola Olanipekun, Abraham I Ogbaji, Michael A. Oderinde

This study explores the relationship between employee innovative work behaviour (IWB), job involvement (JI), and career commitment (CC) in Ghana’s organisations. Grounded in the Job Demands Resources Theory and Self-Determination Theory, it examined whether employees who engage in innovative activities demonstrate higher job involvement and stronger career commitment. A quantitative, descriptive design was employed, with data collected through structured questionnaires from 92 employees in the Greater Accra Region. The hypotheses were tested using the bi-correlations analysis to ascertain the degree of relationship between the constructs of the study. Findings indicated that a significant nexus existed between employee innovative work behaviour and job Involvement with (r=0.942, p-value<0.05); in addition, existence of a significant association exist between employee innovative work behaviour and career commitment with (r=0.925, p-value<0.05). These results highlight innovation as a catalyst for enhancing both employee engagement in job roles and long-term professional dedication. The study concluded that encouraging innovative work behaviour can contribute to higher involvement and stronger career commitment among employees. It was recommended that management of organisations should create environments that foster autonomy, provide adequate resources, recognise creativity, and offer clear career development pathways. Such strategies can strengthen innovation culture and improve organisational performance.

Lu Xia, Kaiqi Zhao, Sunil Kadam et al.

Paired electrolysis at industrial current densities offers an energy-efficient and sustainable alternative to thermocatalytic chemical synthesis by leveraging anodic and cathodic valorization. However, its industrial feasibility remains constrained by system integration, including reactor assembly, asymmetric electron transfer kinetics, membrane selection, mass transport limitations, and techno-economic bottlenecks. Addressing these challenges requires an engineering-driven approach that integrates reactor architecture, electrode-electrolyte interactions, reaction pairing, and process optimization. Here, we discuss scale-specific electrochemical reactor assembly strategies, transitioning from half-cell research to full-scale stack validation. We develop reaction pairing frameworks that align electrocatalyst design with electrochemical kinetics, enhancing efficiency and selectivity under industrial operating conditions. We also establish application-dependent key performance indicators (KPIs) and benchmark propylene oxidation coupled with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) or oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) against existing industrial routes to evaluate process viability. Finally, we propose hybrid integration models that embed paired electrolysis into existing industrial workflows, overcoming adoption barriers.

Sotiris Michaelides, Daniel Eguiguren Chavez, Martin Henze

With the ongoing adoption of 5G for communication in industrial systems and critical infrastructure, the security of industrial UEs such as 5G-enabled industrial robots becomes an increasingly important topic. Most notably, to meet the stringent security requirements of industrial deployments, industrial UEs not only have to fully comply with the 5G specifications but also implement and use correctly secure communication protocols such as TLS. To ensure the security of industrial UEs, operators of industrial 5G networks rely on security testing before deploying new devices to their production networks. However, currently only isolated tests for individual security aspects of industrial UEs exist, severely hindering comprehensive testing. In this paper, we report on our ongoing efforts to alleviate this situation by creating an automated security testing framework for industrial UEs to comprehensively evaluate their security posture before deployment. With this framework, we aim to provide stakeholders with a fully automated-method to verify that higher-layer security protocols are correctly implemented, while simultaneously ensuring that the UE's protocol stack adheres to 3GPP specifications.

Xiao Xia, Dan Zhang, Zibo Liao et al.

The modeling of industrial scenes is essential for simulations in industrial manufacturing. While large language models (LLMs) have shown significant progress in generating general 3D scenes from textual descriptions, generating industrial scenes with LLMs poses a unique challenge due to their demand for precise measurements and positioning, requiring complex planning over spatial arrangement. To address this challenge, we introduce SceneGenAgent, an LLM-based agent for generating industrial scenes through C# code. SceneGenAgent ensures precise layout planning through a structured and calculable format, layout verification, and iterative refinement to meet the quantitative requirements of industrial scenarios. Experiment results demonstrate that LLMs powered by SceneGenAgent exceed their original performance, reaching up to 81.0% success rate in real-world industrial scene generation tasks and effectively meeting most scene generation requirements. To further enhance accessibility, we construct SceneInstruct, a dataset designed for fine-tuning open-source LLMs to integrate into SceneGenAgent. Experiments show that fine-tuning open-source LLMs on SceneInstruct yields significant performance improvements, with Llama3.1-70B approaching the capabilities of GPT-4o. Our code and data are available at https://github.com/THUDM/SceneGenAgent .

Lolitta Ammann, Jorge Martinez-Gil, Michael Mayr et al.

Industrial processes generate vast amounts of time series data, yet extracting meaningful relationships and insights remains challenging. This paper introduces a framework for automated knowledge graph learning from time series data, specifically tailored for industrial applications. Our framework addresses the complexities inherent in industrial datasets, transforming them into knowledge graphs that improve decision-making, process optimization, and knowledge discovery. Additionally, it employs Granger causality to identify key attributes that can inform the design of predictive models. To illustrate the practical utility of our approach, we also present a motivating use case demonstrating the benefits of our framework in a real-world industrial scenario. Further, we demonstrate how the automated conversion of time series data into knowledge graphs can identify causal influences or dependencies between important process parameters.

Jiyu Chen, Jinchuan Qian, Xinmin Zhang et al.

With the development of intelligent manufacturing and the increasing complexity of industrial production, root cause diagnosis has gradually become an important research direction in the field of industrial fault diagnosis. However, existing research methods struggle to effectively combine domain knowledge and industrial data, failing to provide accurate, online, and reliable root cause diagnosis results for industrial processes. To address these issues, a novel fault root cause diagnosis framework based on knowledge graph and industrial data, called Root-KGD, is proposed. Root-KGD uses the knowledge graph to represent domain knowledge and employs data-driven modeling to extract fault features from industrial data. It then combines the knowledge graph and data features to perform knowledge graph reasoning for root cause identification. The performance of the proposed method is validated using two industrial process cases, Tennessee Eastman Process (TEP) and Multiphase Flow Facility (MFF). Compared to existing methods, Root-KGD not only gives more accurate root cause variable diagnosis results but also provides interpretable fault-related information by locating faults to corresponding physical entities in knowledge graph (such as devices and streams). In addition, combined with its lightweight nature, Root-KGD is more effective in online industrial applications.

Evgeny V. Balatsky, Natalia A. Ekimova

The geopolitical turbulence and the implementation of large-scale international sanctions dictate the need to assess the degree of readiness of the states to a longterm civilisational confrontation. The article aims to construct and test a new analytical tool – antifragility index of the national economy. Methodologically, the research is based on the idea that in the presence of several industries, the national economy obtains a functional foundation and a possibility to exist autonomously in conditions of disrupted international trade relations. To put this idea into practice, the article proposes a heuristic algorithm for constructing an antifragility index of the economy taking into account the priority of such industries as agriculture, pharmaceuticals industry, production of means of labour, and mineral extraction. Based on the national statistics of eight states – the USA, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, France, Switzerland, Brazil and Russia – the paper presents pilot calculations of the index. According to the results, only Russia’s index showed an upward trend in 2003–2020, while in the other seven countries it went down. The antifragility index is shown to have an ability to capture the peculiarities of political cycles and event shocks in the world economy. The research provides empirical evidence that the change of the leading country, amongst other things, is associated with the accumulation of structural disproportions in the economy: the weakening of its foundation made up of vital industries and excessive complication of the industrial superstructure in the form of the non-productive sphere. The paper proposes scaling up the constructed index to a broader sample of countries in order to clarify the regional disposition of forces in the global geopolitical space.

Gabriel-Dominique Marleau, Yuhiko Aoyama

Aoyama et al. (2021, ApJL) provided scaling relations between hydrogen-line luminosities and the accretion luminosity for planetary-mass objects. These fits should be an improvement over blind extrapolations of stellar relations. The fits go up only to the n = 8 electron energy level, but higher-n Balmer lines have been observed in the near-UV at Delorme 1 (AB)b with UVES (Ringqvist et al. 2023). We extend the scaling relations to higher-n levels for the Balmer and other series by fitting the fit coefficients (a, b) themselves and extrapolating them. Within the assumption of an accretion shock as the source of line emission, these fits should be robust for accreting planetary-mass objects.

Fatih Yilmaz

In this research, the Servperf method is used to analyze the quality of health and safety services. The main purpose of this article is to determine the quality level of preventive health and safety services provided in the workplaces within the framework of the perception of the employees who benefit from these services. The questionnaire prepared in accordance with the Servperf method was applied to 412 employees working in various sectors, and the results were classified according to age, gender, education level, sector, and the way of providing (internal & external) services. Descriptive statistics were used in the evaluation of results. The total perceived Servperf score of the health and safety services was 2.84, medium level. As the age and education level of the employees increases, the satisfaction level and Servperf scores of the service quality decrease. The satisfaction score of the construction workers is significantly lower than the other sectors. Satisfaction levels of employees in the workplaces where services are provided internally are higher than those of the workplaces offering external sources. Despite legal regulations related to preventive health and safety services, accidents have not decreased in Turkey. The quality of the service provided by external health and safety units is significantly low. Competition arising from the marketization of occupational health and safety services reduces the quality of the service provided. For these reasons, the number of research aimed at determining the quality of these services should be increased both in Turkey and in the world.

Davide Fucci, Emil Alégroth, Thomas Axelsson

The concept of traceability between artifacts is considered an enabler for software project success. This concept has received plenty of attention from the research community and is by many perceived to always be available in an industrial setting. In this industry-academia collaborative project, a team of researchers, supported by testing practitioners from a large telecommunication company, sought to investigate the partner company's issues related to software quality. However, it was soon identified that the fundamental traceability links between requirements and test cases were missing. This lack of traceability impeded the implementation of a solution to help the company deal with its quality issues. In this experience report, we discuss lessons learned about the practical value of creating and maintaining traceability links in complex industrial settings and provide a cautionary tale for researchers.

Bin Han, Mohammad Asif Habibi, Bjoern Richerzhagen et al.

Having the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication system recently rolled out in many countries, the wireless community is now setting its eyes on the next era of Sixth Generation (6G). Inheriting from 5G its focus on industrial use cases, 6G is envisaged to become the infrastructural backbone of future intelligent industry. Especially, a combination of 6G and the emerging technologies of Digital Twins (DT) will give impetus to the next evolution of Industry 4.0 (I4.0) systems. This article provides a survey in the research area of 6G-empowered industrial DT system. With a novel vision of 6G industrial DT ecosystem, this survey discusses the ambitions and potential applications of industrial DT in the 6G era, identifying the emerging challenges as well as the key enabling technologies. The introduced ecosystem is supposed to bridge the gaps between humans, machines, and the data infrastructure, and therewith enable numerous novel application scenarios.

Galina S. Belyaeva

The purpose of the study is to conduct a general theoretical analysis of scientific approaches to the definition of the concept and essence of the legal regime in order to overcome its narrow industrial understanding and identify the role and significance in the process of legal regulation. General scientific and private scientific methods of knowledge including formal legal and comparative legal methods have been chosen as research methods of this paper. Logical techniques allowing to reveal the essence of legal regimes and formulate the author's definition of them have also been applied. The analysis of scientific works expressing various opinions indicates that at present an instrumental approach to the definition of the concept and essence of the legal regime prevails directly (or indirectly through the procedure of legal regulation) as a set of legal means (instruments). The following are mentioned as signs of the legal regime: mandatory normative legal consolidation (formal legal nature), specific target, special regulatory order based on a combination of legal means and methods of legal regulation, in relation to subjects of law, i.e., in a subjective sense, creating of favorable (or unfavorable) conditions to achieve certain interests, systemic and integrated character of a regime and its special structure. As a result, the author's definition of the legal regime is presented as a special procedure for the legal regulation of public relations, based on a certain combination of legal means and methods of legal regulation (permits, prohibitions, and positive obligations) aimed at achieving the relevant legal goals and planned optimal socially significant result.

ISA AMINU

A harmonious labour management relation is a necessary precondition for academic excellence in the university system. Experiences in the Nigerian University system have however shown that all is not well with industrial harmony. Studies have been conducted on Labour management relations in the Nigerian public sector with little attention on contemporary issues that shapes the relationship in the Nigeria Public Universities. This paper examines contemporary issues in labour-management relations as it relates to the Nigerian Public Universities setting. It anchored on Neo-liberalism as its framework of analysis. The paper relied on secondary sources of data which were analysed using content analysis. Findings reveal that prevailing political, economic and other intervening variables such as globalization, economic recession, dominance of western model of democracy,emerging technology have always shapes government responses to the industrial crises in the Nigerian University system. The paper recommends that university unions must take cognize of them in their negotiations with the government for industrial harmony to prevail.

Rohit Gupta, Sieglinde Kranz, Nikolaus Regnat et al.

Domain-Specific Languages (DSLs) help practitioners in contributing solutions to challenges of specific domains. The efficient development of user-friendly DSLs suitable for industrial practitioners with little expertise in modelling still is challenging. For such practitioners, who often do not model on a daily basis, there is a need to foster reduction of repetitive modelling tasks and providing simplified visual representations of DSL parts. For industrial language engineers, there is no methodical support for providing such guidelines or documentation as part of reusable language modules. Previous research either addresses the reuse of languages or guidelines for modelling. For the efficient industrial deployment of DSLs, their combination is essential: the efficient engineering of DSLs from reusable modules that feature integrated documentation and guidelines for industrial practitioners. To solve these challenges, we propose a systematic approach for the industrial engineering of DSLs based on the concept of reusable DSL Building Blocks, which rests on several years of experience in the industrial engineering of DSLs and their deployment to various organizations. We investigated our approach via focus group methods consisting of five participants from industry and research qualitatively. Ultimately, DSL Building Blocks support industrial language engineers in developing better usable DSLs and industrial practitioners in more efficiently achieving their modelling.

Tiago Espinha Gasiba, Ulrike Lechner, Maria Pinto-Albuquerque et al.

Software needs to be secure, in particular, when deployed to critical infrastructures. Secure coding guidelines capture practices in industrial software engineering to ensure the security of code. This study aims to assess the level of awareness of secure coding in industrial software engineering, the skills of software developers to spot weaknesses in software code, avoid them, and the organizational support to adhere to coding guidelines. The approach draws on well-established theories of policy compliance, neutralization theory, and security-related stress and the authors' many years of experience in industrial software engineering and on lessons identified from training secure coding in the industry. The paper presents the questionnaire design for the online survey and the first analysis of data from the pilot study.