One of the customs observed in Avar burials is that the Avars provided their dead with food and drink, as a kind of ‘passage’ to the afterlife. However, these bone and ceramic finds may have another interpretation, as it is also possible that they were placed with the deceased during the funerary feast. The bones could be traces of a last supper, or even donations placed in the grave to win the favour of the spirits.
In this paper, we analyse a certain stirrup type that is rare in Central and Eastern Europe. It is characterized by a flat, narrow platform, strongly curved arms, and a rectangular eye. Based on the examination of the assemblages, these stirrups most likely developed in the Balkans in the first decades of the 7th century and were in use in the first half of the century.
Delivering of hydrophobic drugs by polymeric nanoparticles is an intensively investigated research and development field worldwide due to the insufficient solubility of many existing and potential new drugs in aqueous media. Among polymeric nanoparticles, micelles of biocompatible amphiphilic block copolymers are among the most promising candidates for solubilization, encapsulation, and delivery of hydrophobic drugs to improve the water solubility and thus the bioavailability of such drugs. In this study, amphiphilic ABA triblock copolymers containing biocompatible hydrophilic hyperbranched (dendritic) polyglycerol (HbPG) outer and hydrophobic poly(tetrahydrofuran) (PTHF) inner segments were synthesized using amine-telechelic PTHF as a macroinitiator for glycidol polymerization. These hyperbranched–linear–hyperbranched block copolymers form nanosized micelles with 15–20 nm diameter above the critical micelle concentration. Coagulation experiments proved high colloidal stability of the aqueous micellar solutions of these block copolymers against temperature changes. The applicability of block copolymers as drug delivery systems was investigated using curcumin, a highly hydrophobic, water-insoluble, natural anti-cancer agent. High and efficient drug solubilization up to more than 3 orders of magnitude to that of the water solubility of curcumin (>1500-fold) is achieved with the HbPG-PTHF-HbPG block copolymer nanomicelles, locating the drug in amorphous form in the inner PTHF core. Outstanding stability of and sustained curcumin release from the drug-loaded block copolymer micelles were observed. The in vitro bioactivity of the curcumin-loaded nanomicelles was investigated on U-87 glioblastoma cell line, and an optimal triblock copolymer composition was found, which showed highly effective cellular uptake and no toxicity. These findings indicate that the HbPG-PTHF-HbPG triblock copolymers are promising candidates for advanced drug solubilization and delivery systems.
Authority is a fundamental tool of social integration. By selecting the most laudable and exemplary patterns, behaviours, actions or events – whether real or merely imagined – from the entire range of potentialities, it creates a community capable of communal action, by transforming an undifferentiated mass of independent individuals into a somewhat cohesive social group able to find common ground on matters vital for their shared existence, thus turning mere quantity into quality. It is thus evident that the existence of a certain degree of authority is also the basis for the viability of public administration, public policy and public management – to name but a few – in any given society. This paper will examine the conditions, manifestations and correlations of authority in the various domains of its social context, in order to provide a comprehensive account of its existence, its inevitability, but also the dangers inherent in its weakening.
Szegedtől dél-délkeleti irányban, a Tisza és a Maros folyó találkozásától az Aranka (Harangod) vonaláig bezárt „háromszögben” terül el a Kárpát-medence egyik kevésbé ismert középtája, a Marosszög. A Marosszög természetföldrajzi értelemben az Alsó-Tisza vidékének — s egyben a Bánságnak mint történeti földrajzi régiónak — mintegy 1500 km2-nyi kiterjedésű mezorégiója, amely Trianon óta Szerbia, Románia és Magyarország határ menti perifériája. A régió szerepét a Kárpát-medence földrajzi munkamegosztásában évszázadokon keresztül stratégiai helyzete határozta meg. E tekintetben kiemelkedett a Maros folyó nagy régiókat összekötő tranzit szerepe és a Szeged–Temesvár közötti kapcsolatokat realizáló — a régión áthaladó — szárazföldi úthálózat jelentősége.
Dejsi Qorri, Enikő Pergéné Szabó, János Felföldi
et al.
The integrative role of human resource management continues to rise as a topic in sustainable and smart agriculture. This dual focus emphasizes new solutions for agricultural businesses and rural areas, incorporating academic concepts with practical implementations to address the pressing challenges coming from the implementation of labor-saving technologies. The study employs the integrative review method, along with science mapping of literature. After a careful selection of studies from the Scopus database, we included 149 papers for our analysis. Our findings suggest that the overall scholarly work has been concentrated on the topics of entrepreneurship and organizational structure. We conclude that the literature is mostly directed toward sustainability development goals such as gender, diversity, and youth. The current trends topics are “collective action” and “artificial intelligence”. Furthermore, our study offered insights into developing and emerging themes, trends, and future directions. The HRM functions that play a pivotal role in the adoption of labor-saving technology adoption are knowledge management, change management, labor allocation, sustainability allocation, and regulatory compliance. Moreover, we provided the practical implementation of the HRM roles and future directions. This study benefits agricultural researchers, agricultural managers, and policymakers because it gives a comprehensive and interdisciplinary perspective.
As a result of the Arab Spring and the return to building the sphere of interest of the Ottoman past, Turkey’s relations with the countries of the North African region are increasingly appreciating, and they seem to be a longer-term vision in Turkish geopolitical thinking. Libya has historically been a part of the Ottoman Empire, a traditionally Turkish sphere of interest in this sense. The study seeks to present the drivers and goals of Turkish foreign policy in relation to a North African state, Libya. In the analysis, examining Turkey’s expansive foreign policy, we can also get an idea of how Ankara intends to increase its sphere of interest in the wider region, namely in the Eastern Mediterranean, through its military support.
Measuring quantum-statistical, femtoscopic (including final state interactions) momentum correlations with final state interactions in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions reveal the space-time structure of the particle-emitting source created. In this paper, we report NA61/SHINE measurements of femtoscopic correlations of identified pion pairs and describe said correlations based on symmetric Lévy-type sources in Ar+Sc collisions at 150<i>A</i> GeV/<i>c</i>. We investigate the transverse mass dependence of the Lévy-type source parameters and discuss their possible interpretations.
Robin Goodwin, Lan Anh Nguyen Luu, Juthatip Wiwattanapantuwong
et al.
Background: A long tradition of research has shown an association between political orientation and vaccine uptake. However, we know little about political preferences and the choice of specific vaccines. Methods: We conducted two national surveys, in Hungary (Study 1, online, <i>n</i> = 1130) and Thailand (Study 2, on the street survey: <i>n</i> = 1052), testing associations between political allegiance, trust in government, vaccine willingness, and vaccine choice. Results: In Hungary, those supporting the government or on the political right were more willing to be vaccinated, with this association strongest for government approved vaccines. These respondents were also more likely to accept Chinese and Russian vaccines and reject the Moderna vaccine. In Thailand, vaccinated respondents reported greater trust in the government, with preference for AstraZeneca associated with support for pro-government political parties and preference for Pfizer with anti-government attitudes. Conclusions: Vaccine campaigns need to recognise the role of political loyalties not only in vaccine willingness, but in vaccine choice, especially given the mixing of vaccines across doses.
A tanulmány bemutatja a rendvédelmi szerveknél 2016-tól bevezetett Becsületbíróság feladatkörét, rendszerét, valamint a szerzők – személyes szakmai tapasztalataik alapján – értékelik a jogintézmény első időszakának működését.
Political institutions and public administration (General)
We investigated the gene expression pattern of selected enzymes involved in DNA methylation and the effects of the DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine during in vitro and in vivo cartilage formation. Based on the data of a PCR array performed on chondrifying BMP2-overexpressing C3H10T1/2 cells, the relative expressions of <i>Tet1</i> (tet methylcytosine dioxygenase 1), <i>Dnmt3a</i> (DNA methyltransferase 3), and <i>Ogt</i> (O-linked <i>N</i>-acetylglucosamine transferase) were further examined with RT-qPCR in murine cell line-based and primary chondrifying micromass cultures. We found very strong but gradually decreasing expression of <i>Tet1</i> throughout the entire course of in vitro cartilage differentiation along with strong signals in the cartilaginous embryonic skeleton using specific RNA probes for in situ hybridization on frozen sections of 15-day-old mouse embryos. <i>Dnmt3a</i> and <i>Ogt</i> expressions did not show significant changes with RT-qPCR and gave weak in situ hybridization signals. The DNA methylation inhibitor 5-azacytidine reduced cartilage-specific gene expression and cartilage formation when applied during the early stages of chondrogenesis. In contrast, it had a stimulatory effect when added to differentiated chondrocytes, and quantitative methylation-specific PCR proved that the DNA methylation pattern of key chondrogenic marker genes was altered by the treatment. Our results indicate that the DNA demethylation inducing <i>Tet1</i> plays a significant role during chondrogenesis, and inhibition of DNA methylation exerts distinct effects in different phases of in vitro cartilage formation.
Zsuzsanna Katalin Papp, Borbála Somogyi, Cait Wilson
et al.
This study aims to understand how youth living with serious illness retrospectively value their therapeutic recreational (TR) based camp experience. We focus primarily on how they learned to accept their health condition, what they consider the most valuable outcome from camp, and through which mechanisms the camp contributed to these outcomes. The study applied a mixed-method online survey measuring learning outcomes retrospectively in a sample of 18–25-year-old camp alumni (N = 60) from the Hungarian ‘Camp of Courage’ (Bátor Tábor). Questions regarding illness acceptance and health competence formed the quantitative part and were analyzed via descriptive statistics. We assessed the most important camp outcomes with open-ended survey questions in the qualitative part, and applied a deductive thematic analysis method. Our research found that illness acceptance and health competence are important constructs for young adults, and TR-based camps may play a major role in their development. We organized recurring themes under the overarching theme ‘restorative experience and growth’ as the main benefit from camp and under ‘unconditional acceptance’ as the camp mechanism contributing to this benefit. Those campers who have experienced illness-based limitations in life before expressed most benefits in psychosocial domains. They highlighted the acceptance, empathy, and social support at camp, experienced mainly through interactions with peers and camp counselors. We may conclude that Camp of Courage provides a suitable environment for psychosocial rehabilitation of youth affected by childhood cancer or other serious illness. We recommend further research on the roles
of illness acceptance and social interactions at camp.
Small polymeric ducts incorporating a ribbon-shaped mat of densely packed magnetic nanofibers have been manufactured via electrospinning by using a cylindrical manifold, alternately under rotation or static. The magnetic nanofibers mat is located on the side of the tube and aligned to the longitudinal axis using the assistance of a magnetic field. The designed methodology ensures that the magnetic particles are completely wrapped into a protective polymer shell. Experimental results demonstrate that the innovative confinement of magnetic nanofibers, forming a longitudinal ribbon on a tube side, confers a high and reversible transverse strain under a moderate magnetic field stimulus: a magnetic field gradient ≤30 mT/mm, at a basic field intensity <0.04 T, induces a 40% decrement of the duct radius aligned with the magnetic force axis. In perspective, this is very attractive to fabricate magneto-active ducts suitable for microfluidic components, as well as biomedical devices to be applied in surgery and endoscopy.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Chemical technology
A magyar művelődéstörténetben nagy hagyománya van a disputációk kutatásának. Az alábbiakban bemutatandó kötet ahhoz segít hozzá, hogy megérthessük, hogyan értékelik
a német történészek a disputációk szerepét a kora újkori művelődésben.
Az adósságráta az elmúlt években folyamatosan a figyelem középpontjában
állt hazánkban, az államadósság szerkezete azonban kevesebb hangsúlyt
kapott. Az államadósság devizaaránya és külső kitettsége fontos hatást gyakorol az adósságpálya jövőbeli alakulására, az adósságszerkezet ugyanis a
későbbi évek adósságszolgálati terheit is meghatározza. Az adósságkezelési
stratégiát ugyanakkor számos kockázat, többek között az árfolyam-, a finanszírozási és a kamatkockázat mérlegelésével kell kialakítani. A következőkben a szerzők az adóssághoz kapcsolódó kockázatokat alapvetően befolyásoló két adósságkezelési kérdést tekintik át: az államadósság devizaarányát és a
külföldi befektetők jelenlétének mértékét.
Economic theory. Demography, Economic history and conditions
During extensive field research of fruit-feeding Lepidoptera in various West African forests, we have collected a rich material of several rare or poorly known species. Among them we identified four species, where only one of the sexes was described. Here, we describe unknown females of Euriphene lomaensis Belcastro, 1986, E. taigola Sáfián & Warren-Gash, 2009 and E. bernaudi Hecq, 1994 with reference to the latter species’ taxonomic position (stat. rev.). We also describe the male of Bebearia inepta Hecq, 2001. We report observations on their habitats and behaviour and review their known distribution.
<p>The skin is thin layer of tissue forming the natural outer covering of the body of a person, it is protected from some infections [1]. Skin’s naturally occurring microbes are Staphylococcus, Micrococcus, Corynebacterium, Brevibacteria, Propionibacteria and Acinetobacteria [2, 3]. <br />Acnes caused by Propionibacterium acnes (P.acnes) infection but it is commensal with other microorganisms. Sometimes P.acnes identified in normal skin. P. acnes live deep within follicles oil-bag and pores, away from the surface of the skin. Elevated production of sebum by hyperactive sebaceous glands (sebaceous hyperplasia) or blockage of the follicle can cause P. acnes to grow and multiply. Acne is chronic inflammatory disease affecting the pilosebaceous follicle [18]. Skin infections are decreasing immunity of certain parts of the body.<br />Acne severity correlated highly with increasing stress and harmful for self-confidence [4]. <br />The most countries had study about their acne patient’s microflora and pathogenic microbes. Currently, our country has not been study yet. Therefore, we carried out research to determine the relationship between Mongolian samples of acne and acne causing their pathogenic microorganisms.<br />We were interested microflora of Mongolian acne patients. We took samples by swab and obtained from 40 acne patients. The acne patients were 25 females and 15 males with teenagers of 57.5% and 25-52 years old of 42.5%. The samples were cultured on modified GAM agar (Nissui, Japan) under anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 96 hr. P. acnes was identified by PCR and the 16s rRNA gene sequences. Also the samples were cultured on Nutrient agar (Biolab, Hungary), Tryptose soy agar (Biolab, Hungary) in aerobic conditions at 37°C for 48 hr. Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus spp, Staphylococcus capitis and Staphylococcus cohnii were identified by API-STAPH-IDENT (Biomerieux, France). We detected demodex mite by microscope.<br />We were found demodex 45% of all patient. All patients had S.epidermidis, P.acnes had 30% of them, S.aureus in 47.5%, Micrococcus, spp in 27.5%, S.Capitis and S.Cohnii each 5%. We compared our research result with Germany, French, Indian and Japanese researcher’s similar studies. Whereas our research results were more than European acne patients such as P.acnes 16 percent and Staphylococcus 64 percent. However Mongolian acne patient’s microorganisms determined more than European acne patients, P.acnes determined 32 percent lower than Japan and Indian patients. Even though Staphylococcus was 47 percent more than their result.<br />Our study shows in causing acne, especially severe acne is associated cases demodex mite, P. Acnes, S.epidermidis. And the strains of bacteria S.aureus, Micrococcus spp conditions from acne were related degree occur in acne but complications. Appearance acne bacteria S. capitis, S.cohnii samples, but only casually. Mongolian people causing acne, pathogenic species had a relatively high percent of people in other countries, S.epidermidis acne compared to the complete condition pathogenic type of acne vulgaris.</p>
In the age of the Internet of Things (IoT), more and more sensors, actuators and smart devices get connected to the network. Application providers often combine this connectivity with novel scenarios involving cloud computing. Before implementing changes in these large-scale systems, an in-depth analysis is often required to identify governance models, bottleneck situations, costs and unexpected behaviours. Distributed systems simulators help in such analysis, but they are often problematic to apply in this newly emerging domain. For example, most simulators are either too detailed (e.g., need extensive knowledge on networking), or not extensible enough to support the new scenarios. To overcome these issues, we discuss our IoT cost analysis oriented extension of DIScrete event baSed Energy Consumption simulaTor for Clouds and Federations (DISSECT-CF). Thus, we present an in-depth analysis of IoT and cloud related pricing models of the most widely used commercial providers. Then, we show how the fundamental properties (e.g., data production frequency) of IoT entities could be linked to the identified pricing models. To allow the adoption of unforeseen scenarios and pricing schemes, we present a declarative modelling language to describe these links. Finally, we validate our extensions by analysing the effects of various identified pricing models through five scenarios coming from the field of weather forecasting.
The aim of this paper is to test whether the concept of resilience can be applied to rural communities in postsocialist transition countries such as Hungary. Resilience, a concept engaged with the dynamics of change, has gained popularity in recent years following the post-2008 crisis and has become a core theme of academic, policy and lay discourses in the Anglo-Saxon world. The ongoing processes of socio-economic transition within the post-socialist environment have also att racted wide attention in the past decades, although not within the frameworks of resilience thinking. The concept of resilience is missing from post-socialist discourses and has not been applied to rural communities before in an Eastern European context, although the nature of post-socialist transition characterised by complexity, cross-scalar processes and multiplicity of actors involved make it an especially suitable field for resilience studies. In this paper, we aim to flag the potential directions and successful application of the concept of resilience both as a research topic and as a tool for researchers of the post-socialist space while we caution for the potential pitfalls and misuses of the concept and critically analyse aspects that attracted wide debates. We illustrate how rural community resilience may be conceptualised on the example of the watermelon producing community of Medgyesegyháza, Hungary.