Hasil untuk "Handicrafts. Arts and crafts"

Surabhi Srivastava

Intangible cultural heritage (ICH) in India encompasses the diverse practices, representations, expressions, knowledge, and skills that communities, groups, and sometimes individuals recognise as part of their cultural legacy. This heritage extends beyond physical monuments and collections to include living traditions passed down through generations, such as oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, knowledge concerning nature, and traditional crafts. This paper explores the multifaceted living heritage of women in Rajasthan, examining their historical and traditional roles, cultural practices, social structures, and contemporary efforts to preserve their traditions. It highlights women as key custodians and practitioners of intangible cultural heritage, significantly contributing to the region's socio-cultural fabric through folk music, dance, storytelling, rituals, art, and crafts. This research paper addresses the multifaceted and often under-recognised role of women in the conservation of Rajasthan's living heritage. It argues that women are indispensable as both custodians and dynamic agents of change, actively transmitting a rich tapestry of intangible cultural assets, from folk arts and rituals to oral traditions and handicrafts. This study intends to discuss women's roles in three areas: women as custodians and home cultural tradition keepers; women who work in crafting artefacts in two capacities, first as art creators and second as performers showcasing folk song, dance, etc. The third domain is entrepreneurship, which breaks down the financial and cultural barriers that the other two domains endure. It additionally reinforces the other two domains with creativity and authenticity in response to contemporary demands. The study concludes that the future of Rajasthan's living heritage is inextricably linked to the empowerment of its female practitioners, and its sustainability depends on a conscious effort to strengthen women's collectives, invest in education, and ensure political representation at the grassroots level. There is a need for more research on the long-term impact of digitalisation and commercialisation on the authenticity and intricacy of traditional crafts. As artisans adapt their products for a global market, the question of whether this compromises the essence of the craft is a critical area for future study.

Laminah Laminah

Traditional architecture is a part of culture that grows and develops in tandem with the progress of an ethnic group or nation, making it one of the identities that support that culture. The ideal representation, social aspects, and materials reflecting a culture are combined in traditional architecture.The Malay people not only have traditional houses but also possess an intriguing culture and arts, as well as beautiful handicrafts. This research was conducted using a qualitative approach with a literature review research design. Therefore, this study involves reviewing readings related to previous research topics on Malay Architecture and Handicrafts. Data collection was carried out by reviewing books, scholarly journals, and digital sources like Google Scholar. Malay architecture is influenced by culture and religion. Traditional Malay buildings are complete structures used as family residences, spaces for gatherings, traditional ceremonies, or shelters. Within customary tradition, these buildings are constructed according to customary procedures and are known as the "true home". In the realm of religion, buildings are erected in accordance with religious norms. In the field of traditional arts and crafts, various forms of artistry such as carving, textile crafts like songket, pelekat, telepuk, and mastuli with diverse motifs using golden threads are found. The production of these craft arts is predominantly carried out on the islands of Daik Lingga and Tambelan. Additionally, other crafts involve weaving techniques using materials like bamboo, rattan, and pandan to produce items such as mats, baskets, and various household items

H. Hafizah, Indah Anda Rini Simamora, I. Rahayu et al.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of a contextual learning-based leadership project through handicraft activities with wire bristles as the main material at UPT SD Negeri 001 Salo. This project is designed to improve students' creativity, fine motor skills, and self-confidence through the Project Based Learning (PjBL) approach. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach with a case study method, which aims to describe in depth the process and results of implementing the learning leadership project at UPT SD Negeri 001 Salo. The main focus of the study is on the use of wire bristles as a medium in learning Arts and Crafts. The results show that the project not only succeeded in achieving its main objectives, but also increased student participation, strengthened collaboration between teachers, and created a more active and enjoyable learning atmosphere. These findings reinforce the importance of contextual learning activities that directly involve students and provide space for exploration of creativity. Recommendations are directed at developing sustainable projects and increasing resource support and community participation.

Samuel Teye Daitey, D. Adom, S. Kquofi et al.

This study deconstructs the socio-cultural aesthetics of Bambusa vulgaris in Ghana, its use in art, as well as its economic and environmental value. A qualitative research approach via interviews, observation, and document study has been applied to collect data from the artists, cultural historians, and industry practitioners. The findings of the study conclude that bamboo is the quintessence of Ghanaian architecture, religious practice, and craft. Moreover, bamboo is increasingly used by contemporary artists for sculpture, fashion, and interior decoration due to its sustainability and multifunctionality. Economically speaking, bamboo businesses are expanding in a specific manner, primarily for furniture production and green handicrafts, providing wood craftsmen with an economical but eco-friendly alternative over wood. However, challenges such as inadequate formal education, conservation concerns, and ineffective policies all hinder bamboo’s maximum potential. The study examines institutional demands for assistance, disciplined bamboo craftsmanship education, and preservation culture in galvanising the use of bamboo in new sectors. Bamboo is an immediate cultural product for artistic output with strong economic, progressive and sustainable values. Ghana, having endured past hardship, can harness bamboo’s potential in driving sustainable development and innovation.

Hülya Yavuz Öden

City museums are structures that reflect the memory of the cities in which they are located and play a significant role in the transmission of cultural heritage. These museums contribute to the preservation and promotion of local handicrafts and disappearing traditional crafts. The scope of this study includes the Fatma Suat Orhon City Museum in Söke, Aydın, and the Denizli City Museum in Denizli. The aim of the research is to examine the exhibition methods used in these museums, which continue to function as instruments for preserving and transmitting cultural heritage to future generations. A qualitative research method was adopted, and data were collected through on-site documentation, architectural plan archive analysis, and literature review. The analysis, supported by observation and photographic documentation, compared the original and new functions of the buildings. The findings indicate that both museums preserved their original architectural identity during the adaptive reuse process and strengthened the cultural bond between the community and traditional arts. As a result, city museums are identified as essential instruments for the preservation and sustainability of cultural heritage.

K. Kumarasinghe, U. D. R. S. Thilakarathna

Handicrafts represent a unique aspect of art in Asian cultures. They are a living cultural heritage that still continues in today's society. Handicrafts that use natural raw materials and simple techniques are excellent in quality and decoration as an end product. Sesath is one such traditional product in our country. At present, the traditional practice of Sesath making this is limited to only one region in Sri Lanka. Research problem is "What are the challenges to the continuity of Sesath industry in Unaveruwa?" Therefore, the aim of this study is to study the current nature of the traditional Sesath industry and the challenges faced by the industry in its continuity. The study area is Unaveruwa village in the Matale district. Interviews were conducted with 20 artisans and obtained information through field observations. Among the results of the study, Sesath has become a consumer product of the upper class of society in Sri Lanka. It was confirmed that the traditional Sesath industry in Unaveruwa is dying out. In the past, the youth have also shown interest in learning about the industry. There was no gender difference in Sesath making and the youth assisted the older artisans. In this way, the traditional knowledge of Sesath making passed to the next generation. But at present, the youth no longer assist the older artisans. The continuity of this traditional craft industry is seriously threatened due to the inability to purchase graphite, the main raw material, the lack of interest of the youth to join and continue this craft industry and not having a market for the products. Unaveruwa is located between two world heritage cities of Anuradhapura and Kandy. Sigiriya, a well-known World Heritage site, is located in Matale district. However, there are no initiatives in Unaveruwa to attract these tourists and sell their products to the tourists and local visitors. It would be beneficial to implement such programmes with government support to protect this traditional craft technology. Furthermore, it is suggested to encourage undergraduates who are studying archeology and fine arts to learn about such a dying tradition in order to preserve as an intangible cultural heritage in Sri Lanka.

Jiayu Wang, M. Su, Geoffrey Wall et al.

ABSTRACT As cultural carriers of intangible cultural heritage (ICH), practitioners are key stakeholders in its inheritance and tourism use. Master-apprentice transmission is a major mechanism of generational inheritance. This paper examines ICH masters and apprentices at the Arts & Crafts Museum of Hangzhou, China, and analyzes the cultural composition of handicraft ICH and its intergenerational evolutionary mechanisms. Semi-structured interviews with two generations of practitioners and participant observation were undertaken. Research results reveal that intergenerational evolution involves multifaceted stakeholder interactions centred on practitioners with the support of government, management of the museum and participation of visitors. With patterns of family and master-apprentice inheritance, two generations of practitioners facilitate the evolution of handicraft ICH though both co-creations and conflicts. Second, six cultural attributes for handicraft ICH as of material, pattern, shape, technique, image and system are identified to visualise the process of intergenerational evolution. Third, driven by internal and external factors, ICH evolves through tracks of inheritance, selection and variation as presented through the above six cultural attributes. Moreover, the interdependence of cultural elements highlights the heritage framework of handicraft ICH and reflects the fluidity of authenticity. Accordingly, theoretical contributions and future research directions are offered for the sustainable development of handicraft ICH.

Nzei, J.A. (PhD)

The paper examined the role of traditional handicraft in tourism promotion and economic empowerment in Nigeria. The paper highlighted concept of handicraft and craftsmanship. The types of Nigerian traditional handicrafts; the cultural significance of arts and handicrafts were highlighted. The potentials of traditional handicrafts in tourism development and economic empowerment such as job creation, revenue generation; and increase in foreign exchange earnings to the country were established based on the revenue literature. Challenges in the development of arts and craft industries in Nigeria and strategies to overcome them were examined. The reviewed literature established that handicrafts are essential parts of tourists’ experience in a destination. It was revealed that traditional handicrafts play significant roles in preserving the cultural heritage of a region as it symbolizes cultural identity. The reviewed literature indicated that traditional handicrafts attracts tourists to a destination as they are interested in purchasing crafts with symbolic meanings, as souvenirs to take to their homeland as memory of the place visited. Handicrafts also has the potential for job creation by providing source of income to those who engage in producing them, and also increase the foreign exchange earnings of the country as the foreign tourist purchase them. However, in Nigeria the performance of the arts and handicraft sector is far below its potentials due to the various challenges faced by the sector which among others include: lack of funding and non-financial support if form of policies by the government and its agencies to favor the growth of the sector; lack of collaboration between the handicraft producers and stakeholders in the tourism sector on product design to meet the market demands (needs of the tourists, poor marketing strategies which result in low patronage of arts and craft products; and scarcity strategies to overcome the challenges were also suggested which among others includes: Government granting both financial and non-financial support in form of funding and policies to favor the development of the arts and handicraft sector; collaboration and synergy between the art/craft sector and tourism sector for mutual benefits and promote cultural tourism, development of art/craft centres where artisans of the same trade can network and improve the quality of their products and also form co-operative society to make it easier to approach government for financial and non-financial help; and also develop marketing strategies for quick and profitable sales of their products both locally and globally.

Tanima Chanda, Aneesha Sharma

Handicraft sector is one of the most sustainable product sectors, because of the consumption of untreated raw materials received unswervingly from the nature. In many developing countries like India, there are a large number of livelihoods depending on handicraft business with an anticipated 17.79 million artisans associated with the sector in the year 2022. The previous studies indicate the relation between the handicrafts and innovation is both controversial and imperative. It is suggested that the sector must undergo incremental innovation for growth and survival in the present times. On contrary there are studies which dispute, considering cultural traditions as barriers to innovation. Innovation may be introduced in the technologies aiding to create the craft. While bringing innovation within the craft techniques and product creation might hinder its cultural identity. Innovation being one of the prime keyword of the 9th goal of the SDGs, the goal of this research is to study how introducing innovation in cultural craft production affects the identity of the traditional handicraft. For the findings, rapid ethnography was performed for the exquisite Shivarapatna stone craft. The craft uses ancient knowledge of Shilpashashtra to hand-craft the intricate Hindu idol statues from granite, and the associated community and the craftsmen are situated in the Kolar district of Karnataka, India. An experiment will be conducted to diversify the stone made craft products to analyse the outcome. The representational difference of the traditional craft products and the innovative craft products are then compared and presented with images. In addition to the comparative analysis, methodology also focuses on the descriptive approach in the handicraft.

Gert Aarts, Ouraman Hajizadeh, Biagio Lucini et al.

During training, weight matrices in machine learning architectures are updated using stochastic gradient descent or variations thereof. In this contribution we employ concepts of random matrix theory to analyse the resulting stochastic matrix dynamics. We first demonstrate that the dynamics can generically be described using Dyson Brownian motion, leading to e.g. eigenvalue repulsion. The level of stochasticity is shown to depend on the ratio of the learning rate and the mini-batch size, explaining the empirically observed linear scaling rule. We verify this linear scaling in the restricted Boltzmann machine. Subsequently we study weight matrix dynamics in transformers (a nano-GPT), following the evolution from a Marchenko-Pastur distribution for eigenvalues at initialisation to a combination with additional structure at the end of learning.

Johan Lundin, Renate Andersen, Teemu Leinonen et al.

Nordic countries have recently implemented changes in the curriculum introducing computational thinking integrated in Mathematics, Natural Science, Arts and Crafts and Music. This poses challenges as well as opportunities, in particular for teacher education, as it is responsible for educating teachers who can teach computational thinking skills within these subjects.

C. L. Laraqui Hossini

Craftsmanship provides a range of very varied products of artistic or utilitarian value. The arts and crafts professions are classified into five groups depending on the product and its basic raw material: wood, metals, earth, leather, textiles. The Ministry of Tourism, Crafts, Social and Solidarity Economy is responsible for supervising and supporting craft professionals. The 2021-2030 craft development strategy aims to create a modernized, value-creating, competitive and structured craft industry. It will be based on four axes: the structuring and support of stakeholders, the modernization of sectors, the development of human resources and the strengthening and optimization of the institutional organization. The development of this strategy was based on a participatory approach including all social partners. The Craft Chambers: These 12 public establishments of a professional nature are placed under the supervision of the State. They represent craftsmen, craft businesses and cooperatives and are grouped within the Federation of Craft Chambers. La Maison de l'artisan, has the main mission of promotion of craftsmanship, assistance and supervision in commercial prospecting. Its board of directors is chaired by the representative of the Minister responsible for crafts and is made up of several members including five representing ministers (interior, foreign affairs, finance, tourism, cultural affairs), the president of the Federation of Chambers of Crafts and representatives of professional associations. Conclusion: Improving the quality of life and working conditions of artisans must be a priority. The handicraft is the historical heritage of Morocco must keep its artistic character and its high quality and not fall into industrial products.

Okta Meilawaty, Titiani Widati, Amiany Amiany et al.

Bukit Tunggal Ward is one of crowded settlements where the residents mostly working in informal and other non-formal sectors. The existence of creative craft industries along with training and assistance can be a solution for growing entrepreneurship to this area resident, to increase the economic conditions in the area, and also can help in improving families economic conditions in Bukit Tunggal Ward. To increase income and the economy, it is necessary to provide skills in the form of creative crafts (craft) industry which is carried out through training using counseling methods, training and direct practice of handicraft arts (craft). It is hoped that this activity can be a solution in an effort to foster an entrepreneurial spirit and improve the economy of the area, as well as being able to meet the needs and improve the economy of the families of the Bukit Tunggal Ward. Data collection was carried out through field studies, namely collecting data directly in the field by conducting interviews with the Head of RT.02/RW.03, Palangka Village. The data obtained was analyzed simply and the community of housewives living in Bukit Tunggal Ward was selected. Craft activities consist of: (1) preparation, observation; (2) location sourvey and coordinations; (3) socialization and assistance; and (4) evaluation. The results of the training are crafted handbag, wallet and gift bag. Craft activities consist of: (1) preparation, observation; (2) location sourvey and coordinations; (3) socialization and assistance; and (4) evaluation. The results of the training are crafted handbag, wallet and gift bag. The activity hopefully have begin a positive movement in the local community which can influence the communitities in Palangka Raya and Kalimantan Tengah as a whole, as the craft activities can be a possibility to increase the community’s welfare.

Sachin Pathak, Dushyant Dave

Varanasi, on the Ganges River in India, is recognized for its old crafts and culture. Metal repoussé is one of several art forms that reference millennia-old aesthetics and methods. Varanasi metal repoussé had problems and possibilities with globalisation. This abstract explores Varanasi's metal repoussé craft's complex relationship with globalisation, its problems, and potential for sustainable expansion. Globalisation has benefited and hurt Varanasi crafts like metal repoussé. Artists may present their work abroad with greater connection and market access, boosting economic and cultural interchange. Globalisation causes loss of authenticity, mass-produced replacements, and artisan exploitation for profit. Metal repoussé artists in Varanasi battle to preserve their skills and creations despite progress. Globalisation might destroy ancient traditions. Customers want quicker, cheaper goods; therefore, craftspeople must decrease their quality and authenticity requirements to compete. Globalisation has commercialized craft, turning it into commodities. Commercialization devalues each piece's work, ability, and cultural relevance, exploiting artists who are already suffering. Despite these constraints, globalisation may reinvigorate Varanasi's metal repoussé craft. One solution is using digital networks and technology to reach more people while retaining creative expression. Handicrafts are respected more because internet markets and social media allow craftspeople to exhibit their work, engage with buyers, and share their story. Collaborations with cultural organisations, historians, and designers may modernize and experiment with methods. Craftspeople may attract more customers and stay up with the market by incorporating new ideas and design features while keeping their trade. Varanasi craftsmen may benefit on the rising demand for environmentally and ethically manufactured goods by presenting their products as cultural heritage and sustainability. Craftspeople may attract socially conscious clients by emphasising local resources, eco-friendly processes, and fair trade. In today's globalized world, the Varanasi metal repoussé craft has many obstacles but also many potentials for development and creativity. Collaboration, technology, and historical preservation help craftspeople participate in the global market.

Conny Aerts, Andrew Tkachenko

Rotation matters for the life of a star. It causes a multitude of dynamical phenomena in the stellar interior during a star's evolution and its effects accumulate until the star dies. All stars rotate at some level but those born with a mass above about 1.3 times the mass of the Sun rotate rapidly during more than 90% of their nuclear lifetime. Internal rotation guides the angular momentum and chemical element transport throughout the stellar interior. These transport processes change over time as the star evolves. The cumulative effects of stellar rotation and its induced transport processes determine the helium content of the core by the time it exhausts its hydrogen isotopes. The amount of helium at that stage also guides the heavy element yields by the end of the star's life. A proper theory of stellar evolution and any realistic models for the chemical enrichment of galaxies, must be based on observational calibrations of stellar rotation and of the induced transport processes. Since a few years, asteroseismology offers such calibrations, for single and binary stars. We review the current status of asteroseismic modelling of rotating stars for different stellar mass regimes, in an accessible way for the non-expert. While doing so, we describe exciting opportunities sparked by asteroseismology for various domains in astrophysics, touching upon topics from exoplanetary science to galactic structure and evolution towards gravitational wave physics. Along the way, we provide ample sneak-previews for future 'industrialised' applications of asteroseismology to slow and rapid rotators, from exploitation of combined Kepler, TESS, PLATO, Gaia, and spectroscopy surveys. We end the review with a list of take away messages and achievements of asteroseismology, which are of relevance for many fields of astrophysics.

Nitzan Guetta, Asaf Shabtai, Inderjeet Singh et al.

Deep learning face recognition models are used by state-of-the-art surveillance systems to identify individuals passing through public areas (e.g., airports). Previous studies have demonstrated the use of adversarial machine learning (AML) attacks to successfully evade identification by such systems, both in the digital and physical domains. Attacks in the physical domain, however, require significant manipulation to the human participant's face, which can raise suspicion by human observers (e.g. airport security officers). In this study, we present a novel black-box AML attack which carefully crafts natural makeup, which, when applied on a human participant, prevents the participant from being identified by facial recognition models. We evaluated our proposed attack against the ArcFace face recognition model, with 20 participants in a real-world setup that includes two cameras, different shooting angles, and different lighting conditions. The evaluation results show that in the digital domain, the face recognition system was unable to identify all of the participants, while in the physical domain, the face recognition system was able to identify the participants in only 1.22% of the frames (compared to 47.57% without makeup and 33.73% with random natural makeup), which is below a reasonable threshold of a realistic operational environment.

Antoine Aerts, Jean Vander Auwera, Nathalie Vaeck

Within the framework of the Lindblad master equation, we propose a general methodology to describe the effects of the environment on a system in dilute gas phase. The phenomenological parameters characterizing the transitions between rovibrational states of the system induced by collisions can be extracted from experimental transition kinetic constants, relying on Energy Gap fitting laws. As the availability of this kind of experimental data can be limited, the present work relied on experimental line broadening coefficients, however still using Energy Gap fitting laws. The 3 $μ$m infrared spectral range of acetylene was chosen to illustrate the proposed approach. The method shows fair agreement with available experimental data while being computationally inexpensive. The results are discussed in the context of state laser quantum control.

Diederik Aerts, Lester Beltran

We model a piece of text of human language telling a story by means of the quantum structure describing a Bose gas in a state close to a Bose-Einstein condensate near absolute zero temperature. For this we introduce energy levels for the words (concepts) used in the story and we also introduce the new notion of 'cogniton' as the quantum of human thought. Words (concepts) are then cognitons in different energy states as it is the case for photons in different energy states, or states of different radiative frequency, when the considered boson gas is that of the quanta of the electromagnetic field. We show that Bose-Einstein statistics delivers a very good model for these pieces of texts telling stories, both for short stories and for long stories of the size of novels. We analyze an unexpected connection with Zipf's law in human language, the Zipf ranking relating to the energy levels of the words, and the Bose-Einstein graph coinciding with the Zipf graph. We investigate the issue of 'identity and indistinguishability' from this new perspective and conjecture that the way one can easily understand how two of 'the same concepts' are 'absolutely identical and indistinguishable' in human language is also the way in which quantum particles are absolutely identical and indistinguishable in physical reality, providing in this way new evidence for our conceptuality interpretation of quantum theory.

Zhenghui Wu, Zh.N. Shaigozova, Assembai Erlan

Chunhai Yin, Dileep Krishnan, Nicolas Gauquelin et al.

We report on the fabrication of conducting interfaces between LaAlO$_3$ and SrTiO$_3$ by 90$^o$ off-axis sputtering in an Ar atmosphere. At a growth pressure of 0.04 mbar the interface is metallic, with a carrier density of the order of $10^{13}$ cm$^{-2}$ at 3 K. By increasing the growth pressure, we observe an increase of the out-of-plane lattice constants of the LaAlO$_3$ films while the in-plane lattice constants do not change. Also, the low-temperature sheet resistance increases with increasing growth pressure, leading to an insulating interface when the growth pressure reaches 0.10 mbar. We attribute the structural variations to an increase of the La/Al ratio, which also explains the transition from metallic behavior to insulating behavior of the interfaces. Our research emphasizes the key role of the cation stoichiometry of LaAlO$_3$ in the formation of the conducting interface, and also the control which is furnished by the Ar pressure in the growth process.