Hasil untuk "physics.soc-ph"

H. Fang, Hong Liu

J. Llopis, J. Mccaffery, Atsushi Miyawaki et al.

K. Emerson, R. Russo, R. Lund et al.

L. Gerweck, K. Seetharaman

Guohua Chen, A. Hoffman

R. Bates

M. Koivusalo, Christopher M. Welch, H. Hayashi et al.

Inhibitors of Na+/H+ exchange proteins block macropinocytosis by lowering the pH near the plasma membrane, which in turn inhibits actin remodeling by Rho family GTPases.

A. Gourine, V. Kasymov, N. Marina et al.

A. Savina, C. Jancic, S. Hugues et al.

James B. Gerken, J. G. McAlpin, Jamie Y. C. Chen et al.

Sung-Ching Chen, Yung-Chih Wu, F. Mi et al.

O. Husson

BackgroundOxidation-reduction and acid–base reactions are essential for the maintenance of all living organisms. However, redox potential (Eh) has received little attention in agronomy, unlike pH, which is regarded as a master variable. Agronomists are probably depriving themselves of a key factor in crop and soil science which could be a useful integrative tool.ScopeThis paper reviews the existing literature on Eh in various disciplines connected to agronomy, whether associated or not with pH, and then integrates this knowledge within a composite framework.ConclusionsThis transdisciplinary review offers evidence that Eh and pH are respectively and jointly major drivers of soil/plant/microorganism systems. Information on the roles of Eh and pH in plant and microorganism physiology and in soil genesis converges to form an operational framework for further studies of soil/plant/microorganism functioning. This framework is based on the hypothesis that plants physiologically function within a specific internal Eh-pH range and that, along with microorganisms, they alter Eh and pH in the rhizosphere to ensure homeostasis at the cell level. This new perspective could help in bridging several disciplines related to agronomy, and across micro and macro-scales. It should help to improve cropping systems design and management, in conventional, organic, and conservation agriculture.

Chunyi Sun, C. Qin, Xinlong Wang et al.

M. McCulloch, J. Falter, J. Trotter et al.

Adam L. Hughes, D. Gottschling

Mitochondria have a central role in ageing. They are considered to be both a target of the ageing process and a contributor to it. Alterations in mitochondrial structure and function are evident during ageing in most eukaryotes, but how this occurs is poorly understood. Here we identify a functional link between the lysosome-like vacuole and mitochondria in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and show that mitochondrial dysfunction in replicatively aged yeast arises from altered vacuolar pH. We found that vacuolar acidity declines during the early asymmetric divisions of a mother cell, and that preventing this decline suppresses mitochondrial dysfunction and extends lifespan. Surprisingly, changes in vacuolar pH do not limit mitochondrial function by disrupting vacuolar protein degradation, but rather by reducing pH-dependent amino acid storage in the vacuolar lumen. We also found that calorie restriction promotes lifespan extension at least in part by increasing vacuolar acidity via conserved nutrient-sensing pathways. Interestingly, although vacuolar acidity is reduced in aged mother cells, acidic vacuoles are regenerated in newborn daughters, coinciding with daughter cells having a renewed lifespan potential. Overall, our results identify vacuolar pH as a critical regulator of ageing and mitochondrial function, and outline a potentially conserved mechanism by which calorie restriction delays the ageing process. Because the functions of the vacuole are highly conserved throughout evolution, we propose that lysosomal pH may modulate mitochondrial function and lifespan in other eukaryotic cells.

Sijie Chen, Yuning Hong, Yang Liu et al.

Fuquan Tu, Daeyeon Lee

Takayuki Yoshida, T. C. Lai, G. Kwon et al.

D. Lomiwes, M. Farouk, G. Wu et al.

T. Nishigaki, Omar José, A. L. González-Cota et al.