Este artículo se centra en buscar y verificar un modelo válido para la traducción documental de legislación del español al chino. Se basa en la Ley de Sociedades de Capital española como el corpus de estudio, con el objetivo de hacer propuestas concretas de traducción jurídica entre ambas lenguas/culturas. Teniendo en cuenta las diferencias de índole cultural entre el derecho español y chino, así como las características de ambos lenguajes jurídicos, se refleja todo el proceso traductor dividido en los cuatros etapas: análisis del marco jurídico y la situación comunicativa del texto original, análisis de los aspectos jurídicos y lingüísticos, la documentación, y la traducción y revisión. En el proceso, destacamos el estudio de la terminología. Especialmente, meditamos los fenómenos lingüísticos difíciles e introducimos la ficha traductológica (Prieto y Orozco-Jutorán, 2015) como herramienta para analizar los «culture-bound terms».
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Translating and interpreting
Abstract The text is a translation from Russian of the first chapter of Soviet theorist Efim Etkind’s 1963 work Poeziia i perevod [Poetry and Translation], in slightly abridged form. Etkind is a vital figure within the translation milieu of the ‘Thaw’ era of the late 1950s and early 1960s, when there was a policy of de-Stalinization and a degree of liberalization. Etkind’s insightful work on poetry translation using comparative stylistics reflected, in some ways, the cultural-political environment of the time. It differed radically from the Realist approach of Ivan Kashkin, who was influenced by Socialist Realism and Stalin-era rhetoric. Etkind pushed the boundaries of what could be said about translation. His apparently apolitical approach was in fact strongly politicized in the Soviet context, and his choice of authors and translators to discuss evidenced his sympathy for those out of favor with the regime and for fellow Jews.
Abstract This article examines the earliest extant translations from Chinese in the period of the first systematic encounters between Chinese and Europeans in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It argues that agents of the Spanish and Portuguese empires in the context of early modern colonialism devised practical and effective social and linguistic approaches for translating Chinese. The article investigates three such approaches: the use of Chinese interpreters who learned European languages; the use of oral translation in the collaboration between Chinese and European interpreters; and the use of Europeans fluent in Chinese translating themselves.
Este trabajo informa los resultados de un estudio que indaga sobre la competencia informacional de traductores en formación. Para realizarlo, llevamos adelante una encuesta en la que participaron setentaiún estudiantes de la carrera de Traductor Público de Inglés de la Universidad Nacional del Comahue. [1] Preguntamos sobre las necesidades informacionales de los estudiantes, sus estrategias de búsqueda, las fuentes de información externa más consultadas y los criterios para la elección de fuentes de información. Realizamos el análisis comparativo de los datos entre grupos de estudiantes que pertenecen a distintos niveles de formación, con la finalidad de identificar tendencias según la etapa de formación en la que se encuentran.
Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar, Translating and interpreting
Paratexts are the elements that play an integral role in creating the framework of a text and making it a work of art. They have an important function in the perception of the text and are located around and connect with it. In translation, paratext elements accompany the translator’s journey during translation and integrate with the translated text. This study explores the work of Orhan Pamuk, entitled White Castle using the framestory technique. White Castle is examined in terms of paratextuality through its translations into Russian. Peritext elements are specifically discussed. The aim of the study is to observe how Orhan Pamuk is perceived as a Turkish novelist in the literary world of the Russian target culture via peritext elements. The descriptive method has been used to discuss these elements. The findings reveal that the Ottoman period is sometimes highlighted, and the historical background is focused on. Moreover, the mystical aspect of the work is touched upon, and the twin-similar theme and the emphasis on the mystery that we encounter in almost every work of the author are carried to the covers. Based on the translators’ notes and the analysis of both translations, we can deduce that the translators generally apply foreignization in the translation of the work. Both translators produce a translation that adheres to Russian language standards. M. Sharov decided to re-translate the work after V. B. Fyonova’s translation because of the generation gap between the two translators and the transition from an aesthetic translation language to a simple translation language.
Theatre and work not only show many similarities but also have influenced one another for a long time. The following paper investigates how contemporary German theatre – specifically the work of the theatre collective Rimini Protokoll – deals with the representation of work in performative and interactive plays. Focusing first on the general approach of the group on this subject and then on the performance Gesellschaftsmodell Großbaustelle it will be shown how, by exploiting affinities between work and theatre and also ironically recurring to different theatre traditions, Rimini Protokoll’s theatre aims to counteract the alienation and de-personalization brought about by the mechanisms that regulate post-capitalist labor in order both to rehabilitate work – also theatrical work – as an indeed productive dimension of humankind and to urge a reflection on condition of the (post)modern homo laborans.
Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Language. Linguistic theory. Comparative grammar
There is a growing body of academic research that suggests that we are living in an increasingly superdiverse society, where multi-ethnic, multicultural and multilingual peoples cohabit on a daily basis. Superdiversity challenges any nation state’s ideological claim of being representative of only one culture and one language, and indeed, in relation to the latter, highlights the increasing phenomenon of translanguaging, both in the wider world of social interactions and in the classroom. In this context, it is argued here that interpreter training needs to respond to superdiversity and translanguaging, as future interpreters are part of the same social world, and will undoubtedly encounter translanguaging in their future professional life. In superdiverse and translanguaging societies, source and target languages are no longer a one-to-one linguistic and cultural translation, but a far more fluid, dynamic and multiple interchange of repertoires and resources that people access in multi-varied and multi-functional ways. In this increasingly complex scenario, languages are not seen as bounded entities, but rather as fluid and interchangeable in the situated moment, and this, it is argued, needs to be reflected in pedagogy. Moreover, translanguaging (between bi/multilinguals) has been shown to promote greater cognitive development when tackling complex issues and rationalising processes. Also, translanguaging aids social and professional identity work, as interpreter students develop their understandings of the role their future interpreter life can and need to play in their career. Drawing on my own research and the observations made on the present and future needs of interpreting studies, a ‘translanguaging space’ (Li Wei 2011) is proposed for curriculum design in interpreter training.
Today, as new technologies continue to iterate, it seems that everything has been given the AI soul. However, despite the rapid development of artificial intelligence, there are still many shortcomings, especially in terms of interpreting The purpose of this paper is to analyze the language barriers that AI machine translation needs to overcome to replace interpreting. Through the literature review method, case analysis method, experience summary method, comparative analysis and other research methods, this paper proposes the language barriers that AI machine translation needs to overcome to analyze. The reason why these obstacles are difficult to break through. By analyzing the impact of AI machine translation on the interpreting industry, some suggestions were given to interpreters, and through questionnaires, people's attitudes towards AI machine translation replacing interpreters were understood. The research results show that the difficulty of AI machine translation to replace interpreting is mainly due to the subjectivity of language, lack of understanding of humor and other emotions in big data, and difficulty in accurately recognizing speech. 38% believe that the main obstacle is the lack of emotion in AI machine translation, 28% think that the main obstacle is the subjectivity of language, and 25% think that the main obstacle is the problem of language recognition. Changes in the working environment of interpreters have put forward new and higher requirements on the capabilities and qualities of interpreters, and they need to learn and master advanced translation technologies to substantially improve the quality and efficiency of interpreting.
Evaluators report effects of education initiatives as standardized effect sizes, a scale that has merits but obscures interpretation of the effects’ practical importance. Consequently, educators and policymakers seek more readily interpretable translations of evaluation results. One popular metric is the number of years of learning necessary to induce the effect. We compare years of learning to three other translation options: benchmarking against other effect sizes, converting to percentile growth, and estimating the probability of scoring above a proficiency threshold. After enumerating the desirable properties of translations, we examine each option’s strengths and weaknesses. We conclude that years of learning performs worst, and percentile gains performs best, making it our recommended choice for more interpretable translations of standardized effects.
Explicitation, or sometimes increased “explicitness” has attracted considerable attention within translation studies in past decades. The present study employs lexical bundles (LBs) automatically retrieved from a consecutive interpreting corpus to demonstrate the complexity involved in determining the causal factors that may account for this phenomenon. The analysis of the ST‒TT descriptive data demonstrates three regular patterns involved in LB introduction into and recurrence in the interpreted texts, namely, simple addition, repetitive addition and quasi-repetitive addition. By considering the additions of LBs in context, we may illustrate the complexity of possible causation involved.
This article takes as its starting point the Francoist ban of the songbook Canti della Nuova Resistenza Spagnola (Songs of the New Spanish Resistance, 1962) and the subsequent press campaign against its publisher (Giulio Einaudi) and compilers (the musicians Sergio Liberovici, Michele Straniero, and Margot Galante Garrone). Placing the Canti at the heart of a wider propaganda battle between Francoism and Italian anti-Francoist forces in the early 1960s, this article carefully reconstructs a transnational and multilingual network of anthologies and hybrid publications in which translation played a decisive role. Thus, the article illuminates the contribution of translation to the propagandist strategies of Francoists and anti-Francoists, as well as the ideological and historical ‘narratives’ (in the sense proposed by Baker 2006) supported by these translation practices. Finally, the article shows how translation strategies played a central role in the articulation of opposing, yet mutually interdependent narratives in the battle between Francoists and anti-Francoists, which were based on radically different understandings of the aftermath of the Spanish Civil War.
En este artículo presentamos los resultados de un proyecto colaborativo entre juristas y alumnos de traducción de la Universitat de València. De los resultados se desprende que el especialista, que interviene desde el inicio del proceso traductor, juega un papel destacado en la fase de comprensión. La consulta al experto no solo se limita a cuestiones terminológicas, sino también a la comprensión del género textual, los destinatarios y la finalidad de los textos. La intervención en la fase de traducción es más anecdótica, cobrando especial protagonismo en la fase de revisión de las traducciones finales. El proyecto contribuyó a reforzar la autoeficacia de los alumnos, entendida como “la confianza que poseen en su capacidad para traducir” (Haro-Soler 2017a) como expertos lingüísticos. Sin embargo, también reveló la necesidad de formar en el aula en el desarrollo de competencias interpersonales: el trabajo en equipo y la puesta en marcha de estrategias alternativas son algunas de las carencias observadas, por lo que cabe incidir en ellas para que el alumnado se integre de forma efectiva en el mercado laboral.
ABSTRACT This paper examines how interpreting quality is evaluated by peer students in an English-Chinese simultaneous interpreting class. In the study, 18 students received training on how to evaluate interpreting based on three quality components: accuracy, presentation and target language quality. Then, they were asked to evaluate three translation samples by their peers and to provide comments based on the three components. After examining the collected peer comments, this paper found that there were quantitative and qualitative differences across the three components. Quantitatively speaking, peer students tended to give more comments on grammar in TL quality and fluency in presentation. Qualitatively speaking, peer students tended to give more in-depth evaluation to substitution in accuracy. The research suggests that while some easy-to-spot quality components like TL grammar may receive more peer comments, other components like substitution may stimulate peer evaluators’ reflective thinking and thus should be stressed in the teaching of interpreting.
BACKGROUND While Video Remote Interpreting services provides prompt services for emergency care and is cheaper than in-person interpreting services, there have been several issues, such as poor connection and limited flexibility to maneuver. OBJECTIVES This study proposes three research questions and four hypotheses to identify healthcare providers and deaf/hard of hearing (DHH) patients' preferences for VRI and in-person interpreting on critical care and non-critical care. METHODS The study utilizes a mixed methods design incorporating both an online survey and qualitative interviews. A total of 103 participants responded to the online survey. This included 36 healthcare providers who worked with limited English proficiency (LEP) patients, 26 healthcare providers who worked with DHH patients, and 41 DHH patients. Qualitative interviews were also conducted with eight healthcare providers and eight DHH patients to explore the online survey findings. RESULTS In the Part I study, healthcare providers (n = 62) included 16 males and45 females; most professions were dentists, nurse practitioners, and students. DHH patients (n = 41) included 17 males and22 females; most education was graduate or professional degrees. There was no statistical difference in their preference uses for critical care (p = 1.000), but there was a statistical difference for non-critical care (p = .035). In the Part II study, both healthcare providers and DHH patients preferred in-person interpreting for critical care to obtain effective communication, translation accuracy, and better treatment. CONCLUSIONS Recommendation to improve VRI equipment and training with healthcare providers, hospital administrators, VRI companies, VRI interpreters, and DHH patients to improve healthcare communication.
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the perspective of Turkish-Dutch general practitioner (GP) patients on informal interpreting from an integrated theory base, focusing on interpreters’ roles, trust and power. Design: Semi-structured in depth interviews were conducted with 21 first-generation Turkish-Dutch migrant patients who made use of informal interpreters to communicate with their GPs. An interview guide was designed based on the theoretical framework of interpreter’s roles, trust and power, covering questions about interpreters’ role, trust in informal/professional interpreters and power division in the medical consultation. The interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed according to the constant comparative method. Results: Besides providing linguistic translation, informal interpreters were expected to perform the roles of advocates and caregivers of the patients. Informal interpreters were trusted more than professional interpreters, mainly for fidelity reasons, that is, because the patients assumed that informal interpreters would act in their best interests. Although informal interpreters were often perceived as the primary interlocutor, the patients did not feel dominated by them, but rather empowered by their presence. Conclusion: Our findings indicate a connection between the role of the advocate, the fidelity dimension of trust and the perceived empowerment of the patients. By linking interpreters’ role to trust and power, this study contributes to theory building in the field of informal interpreting, which is needed to design evidence-based interventions to improve health care delivery to patients with insufficient language ability and thus to advance health care delivery to migrant patients, which is currently lagging behind.