Hasil untuk "Technology (General)"

Xinyi NING, Yihan CHEN, Minjuan ZHAO

The development of Internet information technology has given digital agricultural technology extension services advantages over earlier agricultural technology extension models, rendering them more conducive to the pursuit of sustainable and environmentally friendly agricultural development. This study leveraged survey data from 1167 farmers in Shaanxi and Gansu Provinces and used the propensity score matching method to elucidate the impact and mechanism of the digital agricultural technology extension service on the adoption of organomineral fertilizer. The results indicate that farmers who had used digital agricultural technology extension services had a 7.2% to 10.2% increase in the probability of adopting organomineral fertilizer compared with their non-user counterparts. In addition, adoption intensity increased from 7.0% to 9.9%. Secondly, digital agricultural technology extension services indirectly influence farmer adoption behavior by shaping their perceptions of benefits and reducing transaction costs. Also, this study examined the heterogeneity in the adoption of organomineral fertilizer facilitated by digital agricultural technology extension services. The findings of this study provide policy recommendations for advancing the use of digital agricultural technology extension services and enhancing organomineral fertilize adoption rates of farmers.

Cong Shen, Meina Wu, Minxuan Su et al.

Abstract Background The emergence of plasmid-mediated colistin resistance, primarily driven by the mcr-1 gene, represents a major global health threat. IncI2 plasmids, one of the leading carriers of mcr-1, have been frequently recovered from clinical and agricultural settings. However, their persistence in the absence of antibiotic pressure and adaptive responses to colistin exposure remain poorly understood. Methods We conducted 60-day laboratory evolution experiments using Escherichia coli C600 carrying the mcr-1-harboring IncI2 plasmid pBD110 under three colistin concentrations (0, 2, and 4 mg/L). Stability was evaluated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Bacterial fitness was assessed using growth curve analysis and competition assays. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by the broth microdilution method. Conjugation potential was examined using conjugation experiments. Genomic alterations were investigated using whole-genome sequencing combined with bioinformatic analysis. Results pBD110 was stably maintained for 120 passages under all conditions, with no significant loss observed in the absence of colistin. Under strong selection (4 mg/L), plasmid abundance increased, whereas moderate pressure (2 mg/L) led to fitness costs and reduced plasmid copy number. Whole-genome sequencing revealed distinct adaptive strategies: plasmids under non-selective conditions accumulated mutations in conjugation-related genes, enhancing transfer frequency, whereas those under colistin exposure retained structural stability but acquired shufflon inversions that impaired conjugation. Host genomes accumulated numerous chromosomal mutations, particularly in metabolic and stress response pathways, to compensate for resistance-associated burdens. Conclusions IncI2 plasmids exhibit dual evolutionary strategies. In the absence of colistin, they optimized horizontal transfer, whereas under selective pressure, they prioritized the stability and vertical inheritance of mcr-1. These findings provide new insights into the persistence and dissemination of colistin resistance and highlight evolutionary trade-offs that shape plasmid-host coadaptation.

Marko Škrabić, Marija Majer, Zdravko Siketić et al.

Thin amorphous oxide films (a-SiO₂, a-Al₂O₃, a-MgO) were prepared by magnetron sputtering deposition. Their response to high-energy heavy ion beams (23 MeV I, 18 MeV Cu, 2.5 MeV Cu) and gamma-ray (1.25 MeV) irradiation was studied by elastic recoil detection analysis and infrared spectroscopy. It was established that their high radiation hardness is due to a high level of disorder, already present in as-prepared samples, so the high-energy heavy ion irradiation cannot change their structure much. In the case of a-SiO₂, this resulted in a completely different response to high-energy heavy ion irradiation found previously in thermally grown a-SiO₂. In the case of a-MgO, only gamma-ray irradiation was found to induce significant changes.

Mahdi Yousefi Nejad, Karim Farajian, Hossein Jaleb

One of the major indicators in evaluating the performance of hospitals and their managers is the average length of stay of patients; given the importance of this indicator, the present study has examined the factors affecting the length of stay of hospitalized patients. This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the key factors affecting the length of stay of patients and providing practical solutions for improving the management of hospital beds. Data from 26,907 patients were analyzed using clustering models, clustering algorithms (K-Means) and association rules extraction (Apriori). The data consists of 10 numerical and discrete columns. The variables include 10 items, which are respectively: gender, marital status, hospitalization department, physician specialty, insurance, blood transfusion, surgery, type of discharge, age, and length of stay. The findings showed that the variables of surgery and blood transfusion have the greatest impact on the average length of stay in the hospital.

Karan Mirhosseini, Arya Aftab, Alireza Sheikh

In an era of radical technology transformations, technology maps play a crucial role in enhancing decision making. These maps heavily rely on automated methods of technology extraction. This paper introduces Retrieval Augmented Technology Extraction (RATE), a Large Language Model (LLM) based pipeline for automated technology extraction from scientific literature. RATE combines Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) with multi-definition LLM-based validation. This hybrid method results in high recall in candidate generation alongside with high precision in candidate filtering. While the pipeline is designed to be general and widely applicable, we demonstrate its use on 678 research articles focused on Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) and Extended Reality (XR) as a case study. Consequently, The validated technology terms by RATE were mapped into a co-occurrence network, revealing thematic clusters and structural features of the research landscape. For the purpose of evaluation, a gold standard dataset of technologies in 70 selected random articles had been curated by the experts. In addition, a technology extraction model based on Bidirectional Encoder Representations of Transformers (BERT) was used as a comparative method. RATE achieved F1-score of 91.27%, Significantly outperforming BERT with F1-score of 53.73%. Our findings highlight the promise of definition-driven LLM methods for technology extraction and mapping. They also offer new insights into emerging trends within the BCI-XR field. The source code is available https://github.com/AryaAftab/RATE

A. Yu. Mikhaylov

The article presents an in-depth analysis of the formation and development of the capital market (stocks and bonds segment) in China. The factors determining the valuation of shares that are in circulation are highlighted. While the first factor identifies an assessment based on the company’s financial statements, the second factor considers current market conditions and investor sentiment. Examining historical data, it is interesting to note that from 2000 to 2006, the total market capitalization of stocks remained stable and amounted to a substantial 4 trillion yuan. However, in 2007 There was a significant shift when the market capitalization grew significantly and reached as much as 30 trillion yuan. This sudden growth can be explained by various reasons, such as increased investor confidence, favorable economic conditions and the introduction of progressive financial regulation. In addition, it is important to note that in the same year, the Shanghai Composite index (a key indicator of the Chinese stock market) reached an unprecedented value of 6,123.04 points. This indicator demonstrated the stability and potential of the Chinese capital market, and attracted both domestic and international investors. Thus, the analysis presented in the article reveals the intricacies of the Chinese capital market and the mechanisms of its assessment. This analysis establishes the importance of both book value and market value in determining the valuation of outstanding shares. In addition, historical trends have highlighted the resilience and vulnerability of the market to external shocks, as evidenced by significant fluctuations in market capitalization. In general, this study helps to understand the Chinese capital market and its evolution over time.

Tiantian Zhao, Guowan Su, Lijun Zhang et al.

Abstract Food‐derived peptides have garnered significant attention in research due to their multifaceted functionalities, abundant availability, efficient utilization of agricultural by‐products, and environmentally sustainable preparation methods. These peptides play a crucial role in human health, yet their precise mechanisms of action remain largely unexplored, posing challenges in their screening, preparation, and effective application utilizing protein‐based raw materials. This review offers an extensive examination of 19 types of bioactive peptides derived from food. The sources of food‐derived bioactive peptides are well concluded and the classifications are made according to their potential health benefit based on five primary systems: general bodily functions, the nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the metabolic system, and the immune system. This review specifically highlights the multifaceted impacts of tasty peptides on human health, extending beyond their gustatory effects. Furthermore, it explores the interplay between various functions of bioactive peptides, noting a progression from basic to advanced functionalities. Antioxidant activity and the modulation of key enzymes are identified as fundamental actions that are interconnected with other functional properties. This implies that a single bioactive peptide could exhibit multiple beneficial effects. The key role of antioxidant capabilities is underscored based on their broad influence and straightforward assessment. This comprehensive analysis aims to deepen the systematic understanding of the diverse benefits offered by various food‐derived peptides.

Gen Norman Thomas, Siti Mutiara Ramadhanti Nur, Lely Indriaty

This study aims to analyze the impact of financial literacy, social capital and financial technology on financial inclusion. The research method used a quantitative research method, in which questionnaires were distributed to 100 active students in the economics faculty at 7 private colleges in Tangerang, Indonesia. Based on the results of data processing using SPSS version 23, it results that financial literacy, social capital and financial technology partially have a positive and significant influence on financial inclusion. The results of this study provide input that financial literacy needs to be increased because it is not yet equivalent to financial inclusion, and reducing the gap between financial literacy and financial inclusion is only 2.74%. Another benefit of this research is to give an understanding to students that students should be independent actors or users of financial technology products and that students should become pioneers in delivering financial knowledge, financial behavior and financial attitudes to the wider community.

Stephan Schlögl, Gavin Doherty, Saturnino Luz

Wizard of OZ (WOZ) is a well-established method for simulating the functionality and user experience of future systems. Using a human wizard to mimic certain operations of a potential system is particularly useful in situations where extensive engineering effort would otherwise be needed to explore the design possibilities offered by such operations. The WOZ method has been widely used in connection with speech and language technologies, but advances in sensor technology and pattern recognition as well as new application areas such as human-robot interaction have made it increasingly relevant to the design of a wider range of interactive systems. In such cases achieving acceptable performance at the user interface level often hinges on resource intensive improvements such as domain tuning, which are better done once the overall design is relatively stable. While WOZ is recognised as a valuable prototyping technique, surprisingly little effort has been put into exploring it from a methodological point of view. Starting from a survey of the literature, this paper presents a systematic investigation and analysis of the design space for WOZ for language technology applications, and proposes a generic architecture for tool support that supports the integration of components for speech recognition and synthesis as well as for machine translation. This architecture is instantiated in WebWOZ - a new web-based open-source WOZ prototyping platform. The viability of generic support is explored empirically through a series of evaluations. Researchers from a variety of backgrounds were able to create experiments, independent of their previous experience with WOZ. The approach was further validated through a number of real experiments, which also helped to identify a number of possibilities for additional support, and flagged potential issues relating to consistency in Wizard performance.

Dzakiya Ishmatul Ulya, Anang Kunaefi, Dwi Rolliawati et al.

QRIS, a mobile payment transaction system standardized by Bank Indonesia, has become the subject of extensive public discourse on Twitter. Employing VADER for sentiment analysis and LDA for topic modeling, this study aims to capture the nuanced perspectives of the Indonesian public toward QRIS. Our methodology includes real human validation for tweets that have been initially labeled by VADER. Our unique contributions lie in employing a mixed-methods approach for comprehensive sentiment and topic analysis, as well as making our dataset publicly available for future research. We achieve a sentiment labeling accuracy of 81.66%, uncovering that 67% of the sentiment towards QRIS is positive, 28.2% negative, and 4.17% neutral. Positive tweets mostly cover six dominant topics with a value of 0.488037, whereas negative sentiments are concentrated around three dominant topics with a   value of 0.383938. These findings not only affirm the generally positive public response towards QRIS but also highlight areas requiring attention for its continued success. Our study translates these insights into actionable recommendations, aiming to provide a multidimensional understanding that stakeholders can leverage for system enhancement. This study serves as a foundation for future works in sentiment analysis and public opinion mining related to financial technologies, particularly in the Indonesian context.

Bumin Meng, Zhengzhao Zhou, Congyue Zhang et al.

ABSTRACT: The brake-by-wire (BBW) system is an essential part of the intelligent electric vehicle, which is determination of the braking safety and recovery efficiency. To design a safe and efficient booster motor, the design of booster motor for BBW system is discussed in this paper. Through comparative analysis, experimental simulation and assessment argument, the scheme of designing a booster motor for brake-by-wire system is completely described. First, the mainstream structure of the BBW system and the main challenges it faces in the assisted motor are discussed. Second, comparing the motors of different types and structures, the motor body and control system scheme suitable for the characteristics of the booster motor system are determined. Then, through the simulation analysis of the ansoft and matlab, the optimization scheme of the motor and performance improvement are proposed. Further, through the actual design of a set of the booster motor system, the safe and efficient motor designing are verified, and the problems involving functional safety are discussed. Finally, focus on the problem while simulation and experiment, some important countermeasures to improve current technology and prospect of in-depth study are pointed out.

Saefudin, Diki Susandi, Fairuza Nafis

Abstrak - Teknologi informasi sudah menjadi kebutuhan dalam kehidupan masyarakat saat ini, karena sistem dan teknologi informasi dapat membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan yang efektif dan efisien. Saat ini Inti Jaya Block membutuhkan suatu sistem yang terkomputerisasi untuk membantu dalam mengambil keputusan, karena kendala yang sering terjadi yaitu masih kesulitan dalam menentukan jumlah produksi untuk periode mendatang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat sistem peramalan penjualan menggunakan metode single moving average. Metode single moving average ini  digunakan untuk melakukan peramalaman dalam menentukan berapa jumlah produksi yang harus disediakan pada periode mendatang. Sistem Peramalan ini dibuat dengan menggunakan metode pengembangan sistem Waterfall Model, perancangan sistemnya menggunkaan UML dan bahasa pemrograman PHP dan database MySQL. Hasil peramalan yang telah dilakukan, didapat nilai kesalahan terkecil yang berbeda tiap periode pada setiap barang. Nilai kesalahan terkecil untuk Paving Block Tipe Bata menggunakan 6 periode, dengan nilai MAD sebesar 437,037, MSE sebesar 262708, dan MAPE sebesar 3,76935% dan untuk tipe hexagon menggunakan 6 periode diperoleh nilai penjualan1980 dengan nilai MAD 125, MSE 24986,3 dan MAPE 6,32166%.   Kata Kunci : Sistem Peramalan, Penjualan, Peramalan, Single Moving Average. Waterfall

Mario Coccia

The process of technological change can be regarded as a non-deterministic system governed by factors of a cumulative nature that generate cyclical phenomena. In this context, the process of growth and decline of technology can be systematically analyzed to design best practices for technology management of firms and innovation policy of nations. In this perspective, this study focuses on the evolution of technologies in the U.S. recorded music industry. Empirical findings reveal that technological change in the sector under study here has recurring fluctuations of technological innovations. In particular, cycle of technology has up wave phase longer than down wave phase in the process of evolution in markets before it is substituted by a new technology. Results suggest that radical innovation is one of the main sources of cyclical phenomena for industrial and corporate change, and as a consequence, economic and social change.

Jiress Joseph Flórez-Santiago, Carlos David Grande-Tovar, Carlos Enrique Díaz-Uribe

Recientes investigaciones demuestran la importancia de los extractos de origen vegetal como potentes antioxidantes, debido a la presencia de componentes químicamente activos, como los polifenoles, antocianinas, flavonoides, entre otros. Esta sinergia de los componentes se convierte en una posible alternativa frente al uso de antioxidantes de origen sintético. En este trabajo la cáscara de la fruta Syzygium cumini fue utilizada para determinar la actividad antioxidante frente al oxígeno singulete. El extracto mostró cantidades apreciables de grupos fenólicos (alrededor de 8,55 AGE mg/g peso fruta). La caracterización por HPLC-DAD muestra por lo menos 3 antocianinasde mayor abundancia relativa (la malvidina 3,5-diglucósido, la delfinidina 3,5- diglucósido y la petunidina 3,5-diglucósido). El porcentaje de desactivación del oxígeno singulete fue determinado a diferentes concentraciones del extracto etanólico, encontrándose un valor del 60% a una concentración 0.39 mg/mL.

Lars Baumgärtner, Jonas Höchst, Patrick Lampe et al.

Currently, nearly four billion people live in urban areas. Since this trend is increasing, natural disasters or terrorist attacks in such areas affect an increasing number of people. While information and communication technology is crucial for the operation of urban infrastructures and the well-being of its inhabitants, current technology is quite vulnerable to disruptions of various kinds. In future smart cities, a more resilient urban infrastructure is imperative to handle the increasing number of hazardous situations. We present a novel resilient communication approach based on smart street lights as part of the public infrastructure. It supports people in their everyday life and adapts its functionality to the challenges of emergency situations. Our approach relies on various environmental sensors and in-situ processing for automatic situation assessment, and a range of communication mechanisms (e.g., public WiFi hotspot functionality and mesh networking) for maintaining a communication network. Furthermore, resilience is not only achieved based on infrastructure deployed by a digital city's municipality, but also based on integrating citizens through software that runs on their mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets). Web-based zero-installation and platform-agnostic apps can switch to device-to-device communication to continue benefiting people even during a disaster situation. Our approach, featuring a covert channel for professional responders and the zero-installation app, is evaluated through a prototype implementation based on a commercially available street light.

Oleksandr Mozolev

Training future specialist to professional activity is one of the main tasks of higher and professional education. Pedagogical modeling of professional activity is used to determine the content of quantitative and qualitative information, which is necessary for modern researchers to further work, and also directs them to the prospects of career growth. The purpose of the article is to analyse the content of the process of pedagogical projecting of the model of the future specialist. The author established requirements for the training of qualified personnel determine the necessary competences which specialist has to master, his professionally important qualities, necessary in future activity, and also carry out the goal setting of the training process, acquiring the necessary knowledge and skills. It is identified that the competence of future specialists is a set of their competencies, which in turn are classified into key required, without exception to all graduates and professional, appropriate to the particular specialty. The article reveals the content of constructing a model of the future specialist which allows to solve such problems: a description of the specialist's work in the course of its professional activities; identifying inconsistencies between the content of training and specific professional activities of specialists. Requirements are defined as quality standards to the training of future qualified personnel. The list of basic competencies of the future specialist has been set which include: general cultural, methodological, professionally-oriented. The model of the specialist personality is characterized. Disclosed the content of the process modeling of learning outcomes and the algorithm of its development is determined. The definition of the concept «pedagogical design» was offered to reveal the principles and forms of pedagogical design. It is established that pedagogical design is one of the most common types of research. It is considered as an alternative to the classroom system in educational institutions. Project technology should be used as a supplement to other forms of direct or indirect learning as a means of accelerated professional growth of the individual.

Dirk P. A. Versteegden, Magaly J. J. Van himbeeck, Simon W. Nienhuijs

Abstract Background The expansion of digital devices and widespread access to the Internet has opened up opportunities to provide patients with more personal information. It can be hypothesized that eHealth in addition to standard care could enhance clinical outcomes such as increased weight loss, co-morbidity reduction, and commitment to the program. The beneficial value of incorporating eHealth applications as standard postoperative care is yet to be established. In this trial, the value of different levels of eHealth are assessed. Methods/design Two hundred adult patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 40 kg/m2, or ≥ 35 kg/m2 with obesity-related co-morbidity, undergoing sleeve gastrectomy or gastric bypass will be enrolled in this randomized controlled trial. Patients will be randomly assigned to one of the groups: receiving standard care (control group, n = 100); have access to an online eHealth platform in addition to the previous group (online group, n = 50); or receive wireless monitoring devices in addition to previous groups (device group, n = 50). The total follow-up period is two years postoperatively. Primary outcome is weight loss in terms of BMI. Secondary outcomes include: quality of life; return-to-work time; co-morbidity reduction; additional contacts; and ease of use of devices. Discussion In this trial, the value of different levels of eHealth will be assessed. This addresses an important aspect of a changing healthcare environment. Trial registration Trialregister.nl, NTR6827. Retrospectively registered on 19 November 2017. http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=6827.

Anamaría Navarro-Noguera, F. D. Lora-Clavijo, Guillermo A. González

The origin of magnetic fields in the universe still remains unknown and constitutes one of the most intriguing questions in astronomy and astrophysics. Their significance is enormous since they have a strong influence on many astrophysical phenomena. In regards of this motivation, theoretical models of galactic disks with sources of magnetic field may contribute to understand the physics behind them. Inspired by this, we present a new family of analytical models for thin disks composed by magnetized material. The solutions are axially symmetric, conformastatic and are obtained by solving the Einstein-Maxwell Field Equations for continuum media without the test field approximation, and assuming that the sources are razor-thin disk of magnetically polarized matter. We find analytical expressions for the surface energy density, the pressure, the polarization vector, the electromagnetic fields, the mass and the rotational velocity for circular orbits, for two particular solutions. In each case, the energy-momentum tensor agrees with the energy conditions and also the convergence of the mass for all the solutions is proved. Since the solutions are well-behaved, they may be used to model astrophysical thin disks, and also may contribute as initial data in numerical simulations. In addition, the process to obtain the solutions is described in detail, which may be used as a guide to find solutions with magnetized material in General Relativity.

Eric Monteiro, Ole Hanseth

We are in this paper discussing conceptualisations of the relationship between IT and organisational issues. To move beyond an IT enables/ constrains position, we argue that it is necessary to take the specifics of an information system (IS) more serious. A theoretical framework called actor network theory from social studies of science and technology is presented as promising in this regard. With respect to new organisational forms, the class of ISs which need closer scrutiny is information infrastructures (INIs). They have characteristics which distinguish them from other ISs, namely the role and pattern of diffusion of standards. These standards are neither ready-made nor neutral: they inscribe organisational behaviour deeply within their technical details. Diffusion and adoption of standards depart from other kinds of ISs by requiring the coordination of the surrounding actors, institutional arrangements and work practices.

K. M. Moorning

This research model uses an emancipatory approach to address challenges of equity in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) workforce. Serious concerns about low minority participation call for a rigorous evaluation of new pedagogical methods that effectively prepares underrepresented groups for the increasingly digital world. The inability to achieve STEM workforce diversity goals is attributed to the failure of the academic pipeline to maintain a steady flow of underrepresented minority students. Formal curriculum frequently results in under-preparedness and a professional practices gap. Exacerbating lower performance are fragile communities where issues such as poverty, single-parent homes, incarceration, abuse, and homelessness disengage residents. Since data shows that more minorities have computing and engineering degrees than work in the field, this discussions explores how educational institutions can critically examine social and political realities that impede STEM diversity while capturing cultural cues that identify personal barriers amongst underrepresented groups.