Hasil untuk "Small and medium-sized businesses, artisans, handicrafts, trades"

Kasimu Sendawula, Shamirah Najjinda, Marion Nanyanzi et al.

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to explore how the personal traits of the informal entrepreneurs influence their formalization decisions. Design/methodology/approach – This study adopted a qualitative approach using a multicase design in which 28 informal entrepreneurs situated in Kampala district, Uganda, were engaged. An interview guide, recorders and note books were used in data collection. Findings – The results indicate that the traits of informal and semiformal entrepreneurs are distinct. Informal entrepreneurs have been noted to be more courageous and resilient, while their semiformal counterparts have greater passion for their businesses. It is thus observed that the formalization prospects are higher for the semiformal entrepreneurs than for their informal counterparts. Entrepreneurs that would be willing to formalize their businesses are discouraged by distance, technology and the cost of involving middlemen. Whereas the resilient entrepreneurs are noted to work through these challenges, the passive ones in both the informal and semiformal categories will not formalize their businesses by giving such excuses. Originality/value – This study contributes to the extant literature on informal entrepreneurship by providing initial empirical evidence on how the personal traits of the entrepreneurs influence their formalization decisions specifically.

Paul Bonin-Rodriguez, Neville Vakharia, Olaf Kuhlke et al.

To launch Volume 12 of Artivate and mark the editorial team transition, we offer the following set of editorial essays to help catalyze conversations and contributions on the past and future of the field. The first is by outgoing coeditors Paul Bonin-Rodriguez and Neville Vakharia, who reflect on the field-building focus of their tenure and some of their key accomplishments. Their excellent retrospective is followed by essays from each of the new coeditors, exploring the origins and nature of their relationship to the field of arts entrepreneurship as well as the evolving topics those origins inspire. We hope that these essays encourage a similar reflection among our community and foster a more expansive conversation and examination of entrepreneurship in the arts.

Neville Vakharia, Paul Bonin-Rodriguez

Karen Munnelly

Many artists find themselves in the role of an entrepreneur and small business owner as they manage multiple overlapping jobs while engaging in a portfolio career. This research investigates how visual and performing artists construct meaningful portfolio careers and if the portfolio career model minimizes risk. The findings reveal that the majority of respondents view a portfolio career as less secure than a full-time job, but also prefer the portfolio career. A significant amount of their time is spent on creative activity and teaching. Artistic fulfillment, pay, and time commitment are the primary factors artists consider when selecting work.

Michael DeWhatley

Michael DeWhatley reviews The Artful Manager: Field Notes on the Business of Arts and Culture by E. Andrew Taylor.

Amanda Ashley, Leslie Durham

Economic developers commonly refer to universities as anchor institutions because they are large, rooted regional economic drivers that are sites of development, incubation, entrepreneurship, workforce readiness, and knowledge transfer. But most anchor research speaks generally about the university or focuses on STEM and not on arts and culture. Our study asks: what is the role of universities in anchoring arts and cultural innovation in the regional creativity ecology, and how are university leaders identifying, communicating, and investing as arts and cultural anchors? Through a qualitative comparative case analysis of four public universities in the Intermountain West combined with target interviews of field innovators and a synthesis of transdisciplinary literature, we deepen the concept of the university arts and cultural anchor and map a theoretical and practical shift from a traditional to contemporary form of anchoring. We identify four stages of anchor readiness, and we propose a pilot assessment tool for university leaders to determine their anchor stage based on awareness and investment. Our applied research helps universities move from being an arts patron to an arts entrepreneur, investor, innovator, and catalyst.            

Francis Lwesya, Adam Beni Swebe Mwakalobo, Justine Mbukwa

A variety of factors inhibit the development of MSMEs in African countries, which in turn affects entrepreneurship, job creation and economic transformation. Using cross-sectional data from 250 MSMEs in the Dar es Salaam region, we find in most of the examined variables the positive relationship between the use of non-financial business support services (BDS) and the development of MSMEs in the Dar es Salaam region. However, contrary to expectations, building business linkages and mentoring programs recorded negative relationships with MSMEs development. This is related to restricted capacities stemming from the size of MSMEs compared to large companies and deficiencies in the content of mentoring programs. In addition, the discrepancy between BDS demand and supply as well as the low adoption rate of BDS are associated with the inadequate adaptation of BDS to the needs of MSMEs, high service costs and a lack of qualified service providers. Thus, we argue that the provision of BDS to MSMEs should be demand-driven and that institutions should build on the pre-eminent characteristics of MSMEs when designing business support programs. On the other hand, Government efforts to nurture the development of MSMEs through policies and programs should extend to promoting business linkages between MSMEs and large enterprises.

Anthony Macari, Grace Chun Guo

Purpose – This conceptual paper focuses on a common observation in the implementation stage of reward-based crowdfunding (RBC) – entrepreneurs' failures and delays in delivery of rewards to investors, which, in turn, may be perceived as violations of reward delivery obligations. Design/methodology/approach – Drawing on entrepreneurial personality theory and psychological contract theory, this paper develops propositions and identifies factors related to both entrepreneurs (overconfidence and narcissism) and factors related to investors (types of motivators and psychological contracts) that may explain the perceived violations of reward delivery obligations. Implications for theory and practice are also discussed. Findings – The theoretical analysis, by wielding two independently developed literatures, has demonstrated that it is important to investigate factors that are related to both investors and entrepreneurs in understanding issues and challenges at different stages of the RBC model. The authors believe that the current analysis provides an integrated understanding and a solid foundation for researchers to further examine these issues by empirically testing these propositions. Originality/value – The authors examined two previously understudied psychological factors in the context of RBC – entrepreneurial traits, mainly overconfidence and narcissism, and the type of psychological contracts formed between investors and entrepreneurs, both of which, according to McKenny et al. (2017), need greater attention from researchers studying crowdfunding.

Ляманова Е.А.

В статье рассматриваются условия развития малого и среднего бизнеса. На примере работы трех малых предприятий обозначены проблемы и проанализированы их действия в период снижения объема оказываемых услуг в 2020 году. Несмотря на рыночную неопределенность и риски такие предприятия развиваются благодаря своей гибкости, способности быстро реагировать на изменение рыночной конъюнктуры. Факторы, влияющие на повышение устойчивости предприятий: инновационные процессы, кадровый потенциал, личность самого предпринимателя, диверсификация бизнеса, наличие социальной составляющей. Можно с уверенностью утверждать, что все предприниматели желают добиться весомых результатов в развитии своего бизнеса, что каждая фирма хочет быть устойчивой. Непосредственное влияние на ее производительность и эффективность экономической деятельности оказывают технологические изменения.             The article discusses the conditions for the development of small and medium-sized businesses. Using the example of the work of three small enterprises, the problems are identified and their actions are analyzed during the period of decline in the volume of services provided in 2020. Despite the market uncertainty and risks, such enterprises develop due to their flexibility, ability to quickly respond to changes in market conditions. Factors that influence the increase in the sustainability of enterprises: innovative processes, human resources, the personality of the entrepreneur, business diversification, the presence of a social component. It is safe to say that all entrepreneurs want to achieve significant results in the development of their business, that every company wants to be sustainable. Technological changes have a direct impact on its productivity and economic efficiency.

B Kathleen Gallagher

What is the relationship between a city’s entrepreneurial climate and the sustainability of arts and culture nonprofits?  Business, the arts, and innovation do not exist in isolation.  New York Times writer David Brooks (2011) opined, “The roots of great innovation are never just in the technology itself.”   The significance and value of the arts as community assets has sparked public intervention to leverage the arts to generate a variety of instrumental benefits. The arts were famously positioned as being of significant value for knowledge workers, the creative class, and the entrepreneurs powering the knowledge economy.  This has been portrayed, largely, as a one-way relationship in which the arts benefit cities economic pursuits.  Such depictions fail to consider the influence of open systems and recognize how communities simultaneously influence the population of arts and culture organizations.  This paper asks, “How do entrepreneurship levels affect the population dynamics of arts and culture nonprofits?”  The interactions between the formation and exit of nonprofit arts organizations and entrepreneurial climate of the 50 US states for the period from 1989 to 2012 are analyzed using negative binomial regression.  Higher entrepreneurial climates are associated with lower incidences of nonprofit arts and culture formations and lower exits.  The implications of this and opportunities for additional research are discussed. 

Linda Essig

Editor's Intoduction to the Winter 2017 Issue

Susan Clark Muntean, Banu Ozkazanc-Pan

Guided by feminist perspectives, we critique existing approaches to the study of womenʼs entrepreneurship on epistemological grounds and suggest that the entrepreneurship field needs to recognize gendered assumptions in theorizing. Deploying a feminist framework, we suggest that understanding the “gender gap” in entrepreneurship requires focus on institutional and structural barriers women entrepreneurs face. Existing studies of women entrepreneurs often compare women with men without considering how gender and gender relations impact the very concepts and ideas of entrepreneurship. We propose, therefore, a conceptualization of entrepreneurship that illuminates gender bias and calls attention to the interrelated individual, institutional, and structural barriers in the entrepreneurial process that arrive out of societal and cultural gender norms. Through praxis or engaged practice, we redirect scholarship in the entrepreneurship field, while proposing ways that can promote gender equality in entrepreneurial activities. In all, our gender integrative conceptualization of entrepreneurship contributes to the entrepreneurship field by recognizing and addressing a more expansive realm of influential factors within the entrepreneurial ecosystem that have previously been researched separately.

Lori Wagner

Book review by Lori Wagner. Henry, Colette, ed. Entrepreneurship in the Creative Industries: An International Perspective. Cheltenham, UK and Northampton, MA: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2007. ISBN 9781845426101

Robert P. Singh

This article discusses the statistics and trends surrounding the rapidly aging U.S. population. Older workers will make up an increasing portion of the workforce and these individuals represent an important growing demographic target market. While much has been written about the aging population and the potential for entrepreneurs to target this growing market, little research has been conducted on older entrepreneurs. They are a unique group and this article provides empirical results and discussion about the differences and importance of older entrepreneurs to the economy and as contributors to American society. Practical implications and future research directions are discussed.

Gina Vega

Gina Vega reviews The New Pioneers: The Men and Women Who Are Transforming the Workplace and Marketplace by Thomas Petzinger Jr.

Jack L. Howard

This article attempts to behin to assess the issues facing small businesses, and how human resource management can be integrated as a small business grows.

Richard C. Becherer, Diane Halstead, Paula Haynes

Marketing orientation refers to a culture in which organizations strive to create superior value for their customers (and superior performance for the business) by focusing on customer needs and long-term profitability. Some studies have found that firms with a high degree of marketing orientation experience improved performance; others have found mixed or nonsignificant results. The marketing orientation of small businesses has not been thoroughly investigated, however. This study of more than 200 small business CEOs examines the marketing orientation levels of small to medium-sized firms (SMEs) as well as the impact of various internal variables (sales/profit performance, company characteristics, and CEO characteristics) on marketing orientation levels. The results confirm some earlier research on marketing orientation and provide new insights into this important strategic dimension.

Brian McKenzie

Oral history collections can offer a wealth of detailed information for entrepreneurship researchers. The stories that entrepreneurs tell provide researchers with insight into both perspective and into substantive issues of entrepreneurial behavior. The life stories of entrepreneurs offer students of entrepreneurship insight into both the explicit and the tacit knowledge of working entrepreneurs.

Carol Ann Dorn, Nancy Scannell

This article chronicles a collaborative effort between entrepreneurial farmers in Southern California's Imperial Valley and University of California researchers to introduce cane sugar into the Valley.

Golbou Ghassemieh, Liz Thach, Armand Gilinsky

The questions of when and what types of human resource (HR) support are needed tend to be unanswerable for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This article addresses this gap in the strategic HR literature. Hiring, training, employee retention/satisfaction, wages and benefits programs, and worker's compensation insurance are important to SMEs seeking to build strong capabilities and resources and to increase their competitive advantage.This article presents an analysis of the existing HR literature for SMEs. It introduces a decision model to help SMEs choose a cost-effective HR strategy, listing a range of options from hiring the HR function to electronic HR (eHR) and outsourcing