We establish Kirchberg's Local Lifting Property and Lubotzky-Shalom's Property FD for classes of finitely generated groups of central importance in geometric and combinatorial group theory: $3$-manifold groups, limit groups, and certain one-relator groups and right-angled Artin groups. We deduce that such groups are very flexibly stable, with respect to normalized unitarily invariant norms. The exposition is made accessible to operator algebraists and group theorists alike.
An oriented $k$-uniform hypergraph, or oriented $k$-graph, is said to satisfy Property O if, for every linear ordering of its vertex set, there is some edge oriented consistently with this order. The minimum number $f(k)$ of edges in a $k$-graph with Property O was first studied by Duffus, Kay, and Rödl, and later improved by Kronenberg, Kusch, Lamaison, Micek, and Tran. In particular, they established the bounds $k! + 1 \le f(k) \le \left(\lfloor\tfrac{k}{2}\rfloor+1 \right) k! - \lfloor\tfrac{k}{2}\rfloor(k-1)!$ for every $k \ge 2$. In this note, we extend the study of Property O to the linear setting. We determine the minimum number $f'(k)$ of edges in a linear $k$-graph up to a $\operatorname{poly}(k)$ multiplicative factor, showing that $\frac{(k!)^2}{2e^2k^4} \le f'(k) \le (1+o(1)) \cdot 4 k^6 \ln^2 k \cdot (k!)^2$. Our approach also yields bounds on the minimum number $n'(k)$ of vertices in an oriented linear $k$-graph with Property O. Additionally, we explore the minimum number of edges and vertices required in a linear $k$-graph satisfying the newly introduced Erdős--Szekeres properties.
Al–Cu–Li alloys have shown great potential for aerospace application due to their good combination of high strength and low density, but their high planar anisotropy have always hindered their application. In the present work, the influence of different deformation processes, including hot rolling (HR), cold rolling (CR), hot rolling + cold rolling (HR + CR), hot rolling + intermediate annealing + cold rolling (HR + IA + CR) on the microstructure and property anisotropy is systematically investigated for a 2195 Al–Cu–Li alloy. Among the four rolling processes, the HR sample exhibits the lowest yield strength, the highest elongation and the highest anisotropy level. The CR and HR + CR samples have a higher yield strength, decreased elongation and anisotropy level. While the HR + IA + CR sample achieves the combination high yield strength, good elongation and the lowest anisotropy level. The different rolling processes can affect the number density and size of the coarse Al7Cu2Fe phase (>1 μm), which can promote the recrystallization by PSN mechanism. As the number density of Al7Cu2Fe phase in the four samples follow: HR + IA + CR > CR > HR + CR > HR. The HR + IA + CR sample with the highest PSN particles density exhibits highest level of recrystallization and random texture distribution, giving rise to the low anisotropy of the alloy. The low number density of PSN particle and the occurrence of dynamic recrystallization suppress the recrystallization of the HR sample during solution treatment, resulting in strong anisotropy of the alloy. These results can provide key information for optimizing the mechanical properties of Al–Cu–Li alloys for aerospace applications.
Magnesium hydride (MgH2) is an exceptional material for hydrogen storage, but its high desorption temperature and slow kinetics limit its applicability. In this study, the hydrogen storage performance of MgH2 was enhanced using highly dispersed Ni-nanoparticle–doped hollow spherical vanadium nitride (Ni/VN), which was synthesized via a solvothermal process. The MgH2 system doped with the synthesized Ni/VN exhibited an outstanding hydrogen-storage capability. Specifically, 5.6 wt.% of H2 was released within 1 h at a relatively low temperature of 513 K, whereas 6.4 wt.% of H2 was released within 180 s at 598 K, followed by an almost complete dehydrogenation after 10 min at 598 K. At 423 K, the developed material absorbed ∼6.0 wt.% of H2 within 5 min. The activation energy for dehydrogenation was determined to be 78.07 ± 2.91 kJ·mol−1, which was considerably lower than that of MgH2 produced by ball milling (120.89 ± 5.74 kJ·mol−1), corresponding to a reduction of 35.4%. It was deduced that the formation of Mg2Ni/Mg2NiH4 (hydrogen pump) through the reaction of Ni nanoparticles during dehydrogenation/hydrogenation facilitated hydrogen transport and synergistically catalyzed hydrogen absorption and desorption by MgH2, improving its hydrogen storage capability. These findings offer novel perspectives for the utilization of MgH2 in large-scale applications.
We provide a detailed study of two properties of spaces and pairs of spaces, the surjection property and the epsilon-surjection property, that were recently introduced to characterize the notion of computable type arising from computability theory. For a class of spaces including the finite simplicial complexes, we develop techniques to prove or disprove these properties using homotopy and homology theories, and give applications of these results. In particular, we answer an open question on the computable type property, showing that it is not preserved by taking products. We also observe that computable type is decidable for finite simplicial complexes.
Aurélie Lacoeuilhe, Louise Percevault, Jean Ichter
et al.
This data paper describes the results of a 10-year scientific investigation of a biodiversity-rich private golf estate in south-eastern France in partnership with PatriNat (Office français de la biodiversité/Centre national de la recherche scientifique/Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement). In total, 3,160 species and subspecies, including 1,796 arthropods and 1,049 flora, were inventoried and 65 habitat types were surveyed and mapped. This project is the first All taxa biodiversity inventory (ATBI) in a private property in France with all information available in open data.The 20 datasets of fauna, flora, lichens and habitat types from the Bois de Bouis estate are now publicly available. Between 2012 and 2022, more than 22,000 occurrences were recorded, checked and published in the INPN information system. All this information is available in open access in the French portal OpenObs, operated by PatriNat and in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This data paper provides an overview of the project, its main results and its contribution to the French National Inventory of Natural Heritage (INPN).This data paper presents a list eight species never previously recorded to France; three Hymenoptera: Charitopes leucobasis Townes, 1983 (Ichneumonidae), Dryinus tussaci Olmi, 1989 (Dryinidae) and Sparasion munitus Kozlov & Kononova, 1990 (Sparasionidae) and five Diptera: Clusiodes apicalis (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Clusiidae), Dicraeus vagans (Meigen, 1838) (Chloropidae), Stilpon intermedius Raffone, 1994, Stilpon subnubilus Chvala, 1988 and Tachydromia undulata (Strobl, 1906) (Hybotidae).It also includes a table comparing the project to 18 All-taxa biodiversity inventories in France and Belgium and published for the first time.
We study the uniform property $Γ$ for separable simple $C^*$-algebras which have quasitraces and may not be exact. We show that a stably finite separable simple $C^*$-algebra $A$ with strict comparison and uniform property $Γ$ has tracial approximate oscillation zero and stable rank one. Moreover in this case, its hereditary $C^*$-subalgebras also have a version of uniform property $Γ.$ If a separable non-elementary simple amenable $C^*$-algebra $A$ with strict comparison has this hereditary uniform property $Γ,$ then $A$ is ${\cal Z}$-stable.
In the recent years, the generalization of the Erdős-Ko-Rado (EKR) theorem to permutation groups has been of much interest. A transitive group is said to satisfy the EKR-module property if the characteristic vector of every maximum intersecting set is a linear combination of the characteristic vectors of cosets of stabilizers of points. This generalization of the well-know permutation group version of the Erdős-Ko-Rado (EKR) theorem, was introduced by K. Meagher. In this article, we present several infinite families of permutation groups satisfying the EKR-module property, which shows that permutation groups satisfying this property are quite diverse.
The macroscopic mechanical property and the stability of granular mechanics system are determined by packing structure. Cells play a fundamental role in granular statistical mechanics and thus cells were utilized in this paper to research the packing structure of disk particles and gear particles in a two-dimensional cubic container. The probability distribution of cell order satisfies the exponential function distribution and is independent of intergranular friction, the size of system and vibration. Furthermore, it is observed that friction and system size are the key factors affecting the stability of particle packing structure. Significantly, the relationship between volume fraction and packing structure of disk particles is established under vibration. The experimental results reveal the characteristics of ordered packing structure of disordered particle system in mesoscale and provide data reference for perfecting the theory of particle mechanics.
Roman V. Amelin, Leonid V. Bessonov, Galina N. Komkova
et al.
Introduction.The development and spread of robots, artifi cial intelligence systems and complex automated information systems are
associated with the problem of causing harm by their decisions and actions, as well as the problem of legal liability for this harm. Theoretical
analysis. One of the main functions of legal liability is general and private prevention. When applied to robots, it requires them to be reprogrammed, retrained, or eliminated. Thus, the issue of the possibility, forms and conditions of their existence is directly related to the problem
of legal responsibility of autonomous and sometimes unpredictable software and hardware mechanisms. A systemic legal structure aimed at
ensuring safety and predictability in the creation and operation of robots can be built on the basis of a classifying standard, and each class will
be associated with certain forms and models of responsibility. Empirical analysis.The basis of the legal classifi cation of robots and complex automated information systems will be the threats associated with causing harm as a result of their spontaneous actions and decisions, correlated
with the forms of legal liability. The following threats can be identifi ed: causing the death of a person; unlawful change in the legal status of the
subject; causing material harm; violation of the personal non-property rights of a person; information or other property of the owner (user),
not related to causing harm to third parties; the threat of illegal behavior of robots. Results. The authors propose a classifi cation of robots and
complex automated systems, as well as approaches to legal liability and security for each class, and indicate directions for promising development
of legal and technical standards necessary to ensure this classifi cation and certifi cation.
Sanjay Goswami, Kshama D. Dhobale, Ravindra D. Wavhale
et al.
Abstract The field of cancer nanomedicine has made significant progress, but its clinical translation is impeded by many challenges, such as the difficulty in analyzing intracellular anticancer drug release by the nanocarriers due to the lack of suitable tools. Here, we propose the development of an image‐based strategy involving machine learning (ML) to evaluate anticancer drug such as doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) released by a nanocarrier inside the HCT116 colon cancer cells and its subsequent intracellular accumulation. This technique combines fluorescent cell imaging with ML‐based image analysis to assess and quantify the delivery of DOX by nanoparticles within them. We show that DOX in HCT116 cells was higher for multifunctional CNT‐DOX‐Fe3O4 nanocarrier than free DOX, indicating efficient and steady release of DOX as well as superior retentive property of the nanocarrier. Initially (1 and 4 hours), the luminance intensity of DOX in the cell cytoplasm delivered by CNT‐DOX‐Fe3O4 nanocarrier was ~0.34 and ~0.42 times lesser than that of free DOX delivered normally. However, at 24 and 48 hours posttreatment, the luminance intensity of DOX for CNT‐DOX‐Fe3O4 nanocarrier was ~1.98 and ~1.92 times higher than that of free DOX. Furthermore, the luminance intensity of DOX for CNT‐DOX‐Fe3O4 in the whole cell was ~1.35 and ~1.62 times higher than that of free DOX at 24 and 48 hours, respectively. The high‐throughput nature of our image analysis workflow allowed us to automate the process of DOX retention analysis and enabled us to devise ML‐based modeling to predict the percentage of anticancer drug retention in cells. The development of models to automatically quantify and predict intracellular drug release in cancer cells could benefit personalized treatments by optimizing the design of nanocarriers.
The edible film with barrier property can restrain food oxidation rancidity and improve the effect of storage and preservation when applied to food. In this study, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, sodium alginate and guar gum were used as film forming materials, oxygen resistance and water vapor permeability were used as indicators, and the process optimization of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose-sodium alginate-guar gum ternary mixed membrane was carried out through single factor experiment and D-optimal mixture design. The light transmittance, rheological properties, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and thermodynamic properties of the edible films were analyzed and compared. The results showed that when 1.25% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose:2% sodium alginate:0.75% guar gum was 35:49:16, the reciprocal of the water vapor permeability was 505224 and the oxygen resistance was 0.52 of the edible film, indicating the best barrier. Compared with the single membrane, the optimized mixed membrane significantly improved its properties, the components had good coordination, and the structure of the mixed membrane had good compatibility and integrity. The study of the edible ternary mixed membrane can provide a reference for the development of new edible film.
Shoma Akamatsu, Mikihiko Oogane, Masakiyo Tsunoda
et al.
Magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with (001)-oriented D03-FeAlSi epitaxial films, which have both soft magnetic properties and surface flatness, were fabricated and characterized. A tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) ratio of 121% was observed, and a relatively low switching field was also confirmed, reflecting the soft magnetic property of FeAlSi. However, the results of the cross-sectional TEM image of the MTJ and the bias dependence of the TMR ratio indicate that the FeAlSi/MgO interface is probably oxidized. Therefore, since an insertion layer at the interface can suppress oxidation and further improve the TMR ratio, MTJs using FeAlSi epitaxial films are promising structures suitable for applications such as MTJ-based magnetic sensors and worthy of further investigation.
Owing to its low cost and sustainable nature, lignocellulosic biomass has been utilized for reinforcing polymers, but it is crucial to understand the impact of high-ash concentrations in biomass on composite strength and processing. Biomass is not only desirable for biofuel production but could also have a strong market, if high-ash biomass is acceptable, for biocomposites. In this work, natural fibers (switchgrass and corn stover) were used to reinforce polylactic acid (PLA) to produce biocomposites. Natural fibers were pretreated to obtain fibers that contain different percentages of ash. The mechanical properties (such as Young's modulus, tensile strength, failure strain, storage modulus) of corn stover/PLA composites remained largely unaffected by the ash concentration of the biomass fibers, despite the large range of ash contents (2.2–11.9 wt%). However, the tensile strengths of switchgrass/PLA composites were slightly negatively affected by the ash concentration of the switchgrass fibers (0.7–2.1 wt%). Both the switchgrass/PLA and the corn stover/PLA composites exhibited a high-enough tensile strength (49–57 MPa) and suitable complex viscosity (2.0−7.0 kPa·s at the frequency of 3.2 rad/s). They are expected to be 3D-printable through an extrusion-based additive manufacturing process.
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials
In our work we have defined an operator called subspace convex-cyclic operator. The property of this newly defined operator relates eigenvalues which have eigenvectors of modulus one with kernels of the operator. We have also illustrated the effect of the subspace convex-cyclic operator when we let it function in linear dynamics and joining it with functional analysis. The work is done on infinite dimensional spaces which may make linear operators have dense orbits. Its property of measure preserving puts together probability space with measurable dynamics and widens the subject to ergodic theory. We have also applied Birkhoff’s Ergodic Theorem to give a modified version of subspace convex-cyclic operator. To work on a separable infinite Hilbert space, it is important to have Gaussian invariant measure from which we use eigenvectors of modulus one to get what we need to have. One of the important results that we have got from this paper is the study of Central Limit Theorem. We have shown that providing Gaussian measure, Central Limit Theorem holds under the certain conditions that are given to the defined operator. In general our work is theoretically new and is combining three basic concepts dynamical system, operator theory and ergodic theory under the measure and statistics theory.
This paper deals with a property which is equivalent to generalised-lushness for separable spaces. It thus may be seemed as a geometrical property of a Banach space which ensures the space to have the Mazur-Ulam property. We prove that if a Banach space $X$ enjoys this property if and only if $C(K,X)$ enjoys this property. We also show the same result holds for $L_\infty(μ,X)$ and $L_1(μ,X)$.
The decomposition into interaction subspaces is a hierarchical decomposition of the spaces of cylindrical functions of a finite product space, also called factor spaces. It is an important construction in graphical models and a standard way to prove the Hammersley-Clifford theorem that relates Markov fields to Gibbs fields and plays a central role in Kellerer's result for the linearized marginal problem. We define an intersection of sum property, or simply intersection property, and show that it characterizes collections of vector subspaces over a poset that can be hierarchically decomposed into direct sums, giving therefore a general setting for such construction to hold. We will call this generalization the interaction decomposition. The intersection property is the Bayesian intersection property when specified to factor spaces which, under this new perspective on the interaction decomposition, appears to be a structure property. An application is the extension of the decomposition into interaction subspaces for any product of any set.
Recently, coprime array has been a popular research field in the application of direction-of-arrival estimation. Compared with uniform linear array, coprime array can be used to expand array aperture with fewer sensors, and it also has a nice direction-of-arrival estimation performance. According to coprime property, the direction of arrival can be obtained by intersecting the candidate estimation sets from several subarrays. However, when the directions of multiple sources meet a particular relation, the unambiguous phase cannot be unwrapped through the coprime array. In this article, a multi-coprime array is proposed to address the problem, utilizing about half number of array elements and reducing hardware complexity compared with uniform linear array. Then, a low-complexity beamforming interferometry algorithm via multi-coprime array is proposed to reduce computational complexity. Numerical results, including simulation and actual data processing, are provided to indicate that the processing on multi-coprime array can successfully resolve phase ambiguity. Specially, when signal-to-noise ratio exceeds about −4 dB and the element number of subarray in multi-coprime array exceeds 15 for the array geometry in this article, the proposed method achieves close estimation performance with fewer sensors compared with uniform linear array.