This article re-examines Hobbesian sovereignty and Kropotkinian mutual aid under the extreme conditions of post-collapse life. It introduces the “scarred original position,” a concept in which actors do not enter as abstract individuals but as survivors marked by the memory of systemic catastrophe. This reframing alters the classical premises: Hobbes’s state of nature becomes a remembered possibility rather than an imminent experience, while Kropotkinian sociability is tempered by the historical fragility of reciprocity. For Hobbes, coherence is preserved through the creation of a “cold covenant”: a pre-emptive, deliberated, and ritualized act of instituting authority before crisis erupts. Historical memory replaces immediacy as the ground of fear, ensuring that sovereignty remains ontologically Hobbesian even when founded on foresight. Kropotkinian mutual aid, by contrast, retains coherence through its refusal of domination and its emphasis on reciprocity, though it must accept vulnerability and fragility as integral to its fidelity. In dialog, the two models show that both can maintain coherence under collapse, but only in scarred form. Hobbesian sovereignty is haunted by memories of failed Leviathans, while anarchist communitarianism is haunted by its precariousness. The scarred original position thus reveals that post-collapse political orders emerge not from pure beginnings but from inherited fears, solidarities, and traumas.
Este artigo analisou a presença da violência policial nas periferias brasileiras, everificou a importância do hip hop, especificamente o rap, como meio de manifestação e oposição contra os atos abusivos e negligentes do Estado. O método utilizado foi de revisão de literatura, por meio da técnica de pesquisa de documentação indireta, aplicando a abordagem dedutiva, partindo de uma regra geral para um caso concreto. Discutiu-se a seletividade penal e as ações lesivas do Estado, bem como o desenvolvimento do hip hop no Brasil. Examinaram-se cinco faixas do álbum “Convoque o seu Buda”, do rapper Criolo, que retratam a realidade de pessoas marginalizadas socialmente. Concluiu-se que o rap funciona como um instrumento de luta e denúncia às injustiças e violências presentes nos espaços periféricos.
Jurisprudence. Philosophy and theory of law, Political institutions and public administration (General)
The main point of this article is that inflation is a “real phenomenon” whose essence lies in the sphere of production. The article uses the Marxian Reproduction Schemes as its point of reference, assuming an economy based solely on commodity money, where one unit of commodity money is equivalent to one unit of commodities. The structure of the article is as follows. First, a definition of inflation is given, and the assumptions of the model are formulated. After the exact determination of the demand for consumption and investment and the aggregate production (the supply side), the article proceeds to the algebraic foundation of the model to show how the interaction of these two forces produces inflation. Finally, the link between inflation with the theory of the economic cycle, as well as its main transmission mechanism, along with the origins of stagflation, is presented.
Economics as a science, Political science (General)
This paper examines an ideology I call techno-colonialism. I argue that techno-colonialism represents an attempt to selectively reproduce settler colonial practices adjusted to twenty-first century realities. This argument has implications for contemporary settler colonialism, the radical right, and climate change politics. In what follows, I discuss the techno-colonial doctrines of Nick Land, Curtis Yarvin, Peter Thiel, and Patri Friedman. These figures articulate a political theory about exploiting new technologies to escape the state and found new societies. To explore techno-colonial ideology, I focus on Seasteading—the practice of creating floating city-states to colonize the ocean––as an attempted realization of techno-colonial ideals. As I claim, techno-colonialism attempts to humanize the politics of settlement. But I argue that techno-colonialism's ambitions fail, and techno-colonialism fails to create a harmless politics of settlement. I conclude that we should be attentive to the relations of political and economic power in which such exit projects are embedded. Moreover, this paper also promotes our understanding of climate change and the radical right's politics. While scholars most naturally associate the radical right with climate change denialism, the techno-colonists illustrate another possibility. They welcome catastrophe, and see rising-sea levels as an opportunity to start society afresh.
In this article, I examine the Garment Workers’ Union’s theatre as a manifestation of transnational working-class culture in the 1940s. Analysing Pageant of Unity (1940), a play in which Afrikaans and English alternate to express the equality of Afrikaans- and English-speaking workers in the face of exploitation, I offer an attempt to escape the confines of a national literature as linked to a single language. I demonstrate how the political pageant—a genre typical of socialist propaganda and international trade unionism—was adapted to a South African context. This drama is, therefore, viewed as a product of cultural mobility between Europe, the United States, and South Africa. Assuming the ‘follow the actor’ approach of Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network Theory, I identify a network of interconnections between the nodes formed by human (drama practitioners and theoreticians, socialist organisers) and nonhuman actors (texts representing socialist drama conventions, in particular agitprop techniques). Tracing the inspirations and adaptations of conventions, I argue that Pageant of Unity most evidently realises the prescriptions outlined by the Russian drama theoretician Vsevolod Meyerhold whose approach influenced Guy Routh, one of the pageant’s creators. Thus, I focus on how this propaganda production utilises certain features of the Soviet avant-garde theatre, which testifies to the transnational character of South African working-class culture.
Arezoo Shafaati, Reza Valizade, Akbar Rahimi
et al.
Extent AbstractIntroductionNew urbanization developments and the emergence of problems in the world have made the central cities of metropolitan areas more vulnerable to the adverse effects of urban development compared to other urban areas. Meanwhile, technological advances have accelerated the population change and increased urban populations. This volume of rapid urbanization has had a significant impact on ancient and historical textures. The ancient and historic cores of cities with a large population of mostly immigrants in recent years have been continually deformed and their textures have been eroded. Therefore, urban planners around the world are working to integrate models of urban development so as to meet the demands and expectations of today's world by integrating all aspects of urbanization.One of the new concepts to address the current challenges of cities in the field of urban planning is smart city development. The smart city is at the heart of the evolution of the 3rd millennium and means opening up of new concepts in urban planning, which combines real-world and virtual world capabilities to solve urban problems. One of the most important projects for the development of worn-out textures, on which planners and city officials have now focused, is the idea of infill development. This theory is one of the categories of urban smart growth and if it is applied correctly, the development of old and worn-out urban areas can be strengthened.Tabriz is one of the oldest residential centers of Iran and an important city in different natural, political, demographic, and other aspects. The metropolis needs several goals to refurbish and modernize the worn-out areas in the form of smart and infill developments so as to maintain its core pillars. One of these goals is providing the basis for optimal urban development and analyzing the infill development in the context of urban development. Prioritizing the indicators, providing sub-themes of the research subject, and identifying the key variables of interstate development policies were the goals of this research. MethodologyA smart city has 6 features: smart shifting, smart economy, smart environment, smart community, smart life, and smart government. In the present study, the subsets of each of these 6 key factors, along with the infill development factors, were studied by measuring their interactions in a matrix. In this regard, the current study intended to identify the priority areas for future planning by examining different aspects of urban smart development and infill development and propose optimal strategies for effectively implementing such developments. The structural equation modeling was utilized to investigate the research conceptual model in detail. For this purpose, the opinions of 50 experts were gathered.To estimate the impacts of smart growth and interdependent development, the researchers created a 53-by-53 matrix by taking into account 34 urban smart development subdivisions and 19 interdisciplinary development subsystems with regard to indigenous and territorial conditions within the system.The 50 experts were provided with the matrix in order to identify the impact of each subsystem in the system. DiscussionThe researchers prepared a questionnaire to determine the weights of the criteria, besides conducting a survey on the opinions of the 50 experts in Tabriz University and Municipality.A total of 53 criteria were identified in a table for the two main factors of smart development and interstate development. Then, by placing these factors in a 53-by-53 matrix, their effects on each other were determined after weighting them.After determining the degree of influence and effectiveness of each of the smart development and infill development factors in the worn-out areas of Tabriz City, the relationship between these factors were investigated using Micmac software. With respect to the bi-directional variables, there was only one factor -- land use compatibility -- related to infill development and the rest of the components were among the factors that affected smart development, indicating the importance of having such development in urban growth and development. The future of the city of Tabriz in different aspects, as well as the development of its worn-out urban textures in particular, could be tied to this kind of development. ConclusionThe current research was undertaken as the first step in studying the impacts of macroeconomic policies on sustainable development and infill development as two interrelated issues. Hence, new horizons were created for the smart development of the worn-out areas of Tabriz. The results showed the prominence of the 3 critical factors of technological infrastructure, creativity, and innovation and ultimately, social and corporate cohesion in the infill development of historic and worn-out areas.A look at the results clearly revealed the impact of urban smart development on infill development that inevitably need to be further explored in planning the developments of the burnt urban areas so as to achieve a comprehensive development. Keywords: urban smart development, infill development, regeneration, worn-out tissue, Tabriz City References- Alvarez, F. (2009). The future internet. Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York.- Aly, S. S., & Attwa, Y. A. (2013). 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Transit-oriented development on greenfield versus infill sites: Some lessons from Hong Kong. Journal of Landscape and Urban Planning, 167, 37-48.- Maccani, G., Donnellan, B., & Helfert, M. (2013). The development of a framework for sustainable connected cities for Dublin, Ireland. In: 18th International Sustainable Innovation Conference, Surrey, UK.- Mahesa, R., Yudoko, G., & Anggoro, Y. (2019). Dataset on the sustainable smart city development in Indonesia. Data in Brief, 25, 104098.- McConnell, V., & Wiley, K. (2010). Infill development: Perspectives and evidence from economics and planning. Discussion paper, JEL Classification Numbers: R11, R12, R14.- Meijer, A. (2013). Governing the smart city: Scaling-up the search for socio-techno synergy. Utrecht School of Governance. Utrecht University.- Merlin, L. A. (2018). The influence of infill development on travel behavior. Journal of Research in Transportation Economies, 67, 54-67.- Moudon, A. V. (1997). Urban morphology as an emerging interdisciplinary field. Journal of Urban Morphology, 1(1), 3-10.- Ooi, J. T., & Le, T. T. (2013). The spillover effects of infill developments on local housing prices. Journal of Regional Science and Urban Economics, 43(6), 850-861.- Smart Growth Network (SGN) (2002). About smart growth. Retrieved from: www.smartgrowth.org/about.- TGM Program Staff (2001). Commercial and mixed-use development. Oregon Transportation and Growth Management.- Titu, M., Viinikka, A., Kopperoninen, L., & Geneletti, D. (2018). Balancing urban green space and residential infill development: A spatial multi-criteria approach based on practitioner engagement. Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management, 20(03), 1840004.- US Environmental Protection Agency. (2014). Attracting infill development in distressed communities: 30Strategies. Office of Sustainable Communities, Smart Growth Program. Retrieved from: www.epa.gov/smartgrowth.
Purpose: to present the main assumptions of Aristotleʼs Politics through the prism of the category of national security. Also, to reflect on the characteristics of political systems presented by Aristotle as the basis for the search for the essence of the functioning of the state, as well as an attempt to describe the perfect state (politeia).
Method: the research was conducted using the following general scientific and special methods: the historical method during the study of the development of the political systems by Aristotle in chronological order; the method of analysis and synthesis related to the functioning of the state by Aristotle, abstract-logical method – for formulating theoretical generalizations and research conclusions.
The results of the study: in the history of socio-political thought, Politics should be perceived as an important work that was the first to scientifically deal with the entire spectrum of issues of internal and external politics, tasks faced by rulers and citizens, goals of the state, and factors of its stability and development.
Theoretical implications: deepened unique perception of the state, in line with the spirit of antiquity, in which the boundary between politics and ethics is not clearly drawn. It really matters, as seen from the current approaches to the roles the state is able or supposed to play. That’s why it is worth treating the research as a good starting point for analyzing the tasks of the state, including national security.
Практична цінність дослідження: the results of the research can be considered, while analyzing the socio-political theory of Aristotle, as a supporter of the democratic system - looking for inspiration and parallel solutions for the political culture of current liberal democratic societies.
Papertype: theoretical.
This article surveys recent work in pragmatism and political theory. In doing so, it shows both how recent work on pragmatism has secured the view that at its core is a set of arguments about the character of democracy – although the character of those arguments is open to debate and reimagination – and how pragmatist arguments have been reinterpreted and deployed to address contemporary concerns and approaches. This charts a terrain of live disagreements rather than settled opinion.
The focus of this article is on the process of developing the inDialogue software within the loop of communication between researchers and the clerks who organize public consultations in local governments. The software was created in response to problems diagnosed during studies on the quality of public consultations in Poland. The design supports transparent, thoughtful, and collaborative planning for public consultations in town or city halls, in order to create an environment conducive to informed and inclusive opinion formation among citizens. Within the project, a pragmatic approach means some degree of openness among researchers and designers in negotiating the features of the software with institutional users. Testing inDialogue in nine municipalities, we asked the following questions 1) How do the clerks respond to the model of public consultations that inDialogue implements? and 2) How do they build a relationship with a project that intervenes in their routines? Analysis of the data from the evaluation questionnaires shows that although, overall, the clerks gave the highest rating for the software’s ability to introduce order into the process of public consultations, they often complained that the features behind the structuration effect were time-consuming. Depending on the city or town hall, more weight was given to one or another aspect of the tradeoff. No less important for the institutionalization of deliberative public consultations is the controversy over registration and verification, and consequently, the recruitment of participants. In the article, this is discussed in the context of the ambiguities in the law, and the different values that the various local governments attribute to participation. Moreover, the study demonstrated that prior experience in public consultations combined with an openness to experimenting, a repertoire of skills in communication and data analysis, a motivation to join the project, the length and depth of collaboration with researchers, and the direct involvement of a decision maker all affected clerks’ comprehension and acceptance of the use of inDialogue.
Küreselleşen dünyada rasyonel kararlar verebilen müşterilerin artması bankacılık sektöründeki rekabeti yükseltmiş ve bankalar müşteriyi odak noktalarına almıştır. Bankalar için müşterilerle birebir iletişim kurmak önem kazanmış ve alternatif dağıtım kanalları aracılığıyla hizmetler sunulmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı bir alternatif dağıtım kanalı olan çağrı merkezlerinde müşterilerin önem verdiği faktörleri belirlemek ve bu faktörlerin banka tercihine etkisini ölçmektir. Veriler 498 katılımcıya uygulanan anketlerden elde edilmiş ardından faktör ve varyans analizine tâbi tutulmuştur. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre çağrı merkezinden memnun kalınmadığında müşterilerin %51,4’ünün hizmet aldığı bankayı değiştirmeyi düşündüğü tespit edilmiştir. Banka tercihinde sırasıyla diğer faktörler, müşteri temsilcisi faktörü ve hizmet faktörünün önemli olduğu görülmüştür. Kadınların erkeklere göre tüm faktörlere daha çok önem verdiği, aylık geliri düşük olanların ve öğrencilerin hizmet faktörüne önem verdiği, ev hanımı ve işsizlerin ise müşteri temsilcisi faktörüne önem verdiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
The analysis of racialised police attitudes has been frequently addressed in academic articles, but the application of a Neo-Durkheimian approach has been largely overlooked. This article will apply Durkheimian theory to illuminate the need for a shift in crime and punishment policy and practices to avoid the present societal moral stagnation. In order to do so it will address both, the recent Black Lives Matter protests in America and the 2011 Riots in London. The use of the two case studies signifies the continuity of problematic police behaviour and political address. It is evident that such an article is embedded in an extremely sensitive topic, therefore it does not presume to provide a solution to the overwhelming circumstances. Rather, in illuminating the relevance of Durkheimian theory it signifies that current global circumstances demand a moral shift in societal understandings of solidarity and “the cult of the individual”, providing pivotal foundations for police practices. However, this requires participation of criminologists alongside practitioners and activists.
Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
Зроблено спробу постановки і вирішення таких питань: який характер взаємозв’язку між накопиченням і споживанням на довгостроковий період; який досвід інших держав? У результаті аналізу виявлено, що в кожний період часу існує певний зв’язок між споживанням і накопиченням: високі темпи економічного зростання можливі за порівняно низьких темпів зростання споживання, але знижуються, коли споживання зростає швидше від економіки; у періоди економічного спаду кореляція між споживанням і економічним зростанням посилюється, підйому — зменшується.
Education (General), Theory and practice of education
Abstract
An interesting phenomenon appears related to the relationship between high school students, schools, parents, and the government. The relationship between students and school raises the tendency for more students to spend more time at school. Besides, the majority of parents intensively encourage their children to engage in physical and organizational activities, even to conduct 'politics' in the school environment. Another phenomenon shows that the government has made several efforts, including in political affairs, to prepare students to become citizens as a whole. This paper uses a phenomenological approach to describe and understand the construction of high school students towards political education. In addition, in theory, this research was conducted to find propositions related to the development of political education. This study uses a qualitative model by taking the locus in the Intra-School Student Organization (OSIS) and Class Representative Chair (PK) of SMAN 3 Malang. As informants are teachers of Parental Education and parents. This research shows that the construction of high school students towards political education is in the form of political education concepts, implementation, objects, and their benefits. In the operational stage of Piaget's intelligence, the construction pattern is as follows: external environmental pressure, reflective, incomplete, fumbling and assimilating. Furthermore, based on the theory of Berger and Luckmann, the construction of political education of students follows dialectics with moments of externalization, objectivation, internalization, socialization, and resocialization to form knowledge reserves.
Keywords: Students, political education, SMAN 3 Malang
Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence
This article aims to explain the challenges of journalism education in Indonesia on the issue of mainstreaming climate change. As the world’s largest archipelago, Indonesia has to deal with some climate change impacts such as rising sea levels, extreme weather, floods, drought, and forest fires. Climate change is a real serious threat, but public awareness of this issue is low in Indonesia. Mass media have a capacity to mainstream climate change and increase public awareness. The data for this article has been collected through qualitative content analysis of newspaper articles, interviews with communication lecturers and scholars, and document reviews. Some of the important findings are: 1) The climate change issue in the Indonesian mass media is less popular than other issues such as corruption, elections, terrorism and refugees; 2) Journalism education in Indonesia does not contribute enough to mainstreaming climate change on mass media; 3) There are three levels of problem in macro, messo, and micro level of journalism education in Indonesia to mainstreaming climate change issue. At a micro level, the problem is related to the lack of lecturers with competence in climate change. On a messo level, journalism education has failed to connect with the problem of climate change through curricula. At a macro level, the problem is related to the popularity of journalism than other subjects in general socio-political environment. Systemic theory by Niklas Luhmann was used as tool to analyse these problems. From this perspective, Indonesian journalism education as a system faces plenty of challenges to reduce the complexity of problems to optimise its role in mainstreaming climate change.
Communication. Mass media, Journalism. The periodical press, etc.
The article examines the philosophical and moral foundations of the biggest economist and political philosopher of the 20th century John Maynard Keynes (1883-1946), who played an important role in rethinking a number of important provisions of the classical political economy and in creating the ideological and methodological basis of the "Keynesian revolution" and of the new field of economic analysis-macroeconomics. The author traces the main stages in the formation of ethical views of Keynes, shows that his interest in ethics as the system of values in society was dictated by the need for the new conceptual vision of economic realities and by the search of an answer to the main ethical question: "What should we do?". Attention is drawn to the fact that an understanding of the ethical orientation of economic theory by Keynes allowed him to take a critical stance towards traditional individualism and Victorian morality of thrift and moneymaking and to conclude that rational and "right" forms of individual behaviour are not a guarantee of the prosperity of society as a whole. To achieve the latter Keynes justified the necessity of "central control" by the State of the overall level of aggregate expenditure. It isstressed that the ethical views of Keynes correspond with the concept of the "ethic of responsibility"- a relatively new scientific discipline, which originated as a response to the risks of technogenic era: pollution, resource constraints, overpopulation, lack of stability of the world economy. The final part of the article analyzes one of the most important, from the point of view of Keynes, vices of capitalism - reckless proclivity of people to the multiplication of "abstract monetary wealth". It is shown that it doesn't only disfigure the psyche and consciousness of people, but also changes the direction of development of the market economy towards "speculative capitalism", which creates a threat to civilization, creativity, well-being and full development of the individual.
Quantity theorists assert that “money matters” and mean by this that changes in the quantity of money have substantial and important effects on key economic variables like real income or the price level. Unfortunately, the Quantity Theory discussion of the impact of changes in the quantity of money on income, prices, etc., suffers from unrigorous examination of basic propositions. The present paper shows that failure to examine the processes whereby the quantity of money can be changed has led to serious error in the case of the Quantity Theory. Quantity theorists have a revealed preference for monetary control of economic instability while Keynesians emphasise fiscal policy. Yet, according to the author’s analysis, the changes in the quantity of money fundamental to monetary policy may be difficult to accomplish under Quantity Theory assumptions and more easily accomplished under Keynesian assumptions.
JEL: B22, E41, E51, E52
The paper analyzes the genesis of modern political humor and determines its position in the system of spiritual relations in society. The formation of the need to comprehend social relations by means of humor during progressive transition from traditional to modern society is investigated. We note that humor is essentially a social phenomenon. A fundamental distinction between humor formed in the modern period and humor of previous times is the presence of reflexivity. New kind of humor has also dealt with political relations began to be interpreted by means of humor culture. In the course of research we found that comic interpretation of politics became feasible due to the legislative fixation of individual rights as a part of modern political culture. The emancipated personality demonstrates more complicated expectations to a political institute and experiences acute dissatisfaction as state authorities have often made decisions not appropriate to such expectations. For the individual as sovereign entity political humor became a sort of social and psychological compensation. An author pays attention to the fact that the social subject having shown such a reaction was formed during the second half of XIX and the beginning of XX centuries because of the dissemination of the print media and was named «the audience». The audience became a key agent of humorous reflection about the political institute. As a case that grounds the applicability of this theory to the practice the paper considers the example of inclusion of specific comic genre (political caricature) in the social discourse in the West and in Russia.