Hasil untuk "Philosophy (General)"

Gustavo E. Romero

I argue that spacetime singularities entail no ontological commitment to material entities. First, I show that Penrose's singularity theorem is best understood as a theorem of incompleteness, it demonstrates the failure of specific spacetime models within General Relativity (or any theory incorporating the Raychaudhuri equation) under certain general conditions. Although this has been done before, I adopt a novel approach based on differentiating between physical and purely formal assumptions in the axiomatic foundation of general relativity. Next, I compare Penrose's result with Gödel's incompleteness theorem, highlighting key similarities and differences. Finally, I draw philosophical conclusions regarding the limits and prospects of our epistemic reconstructions of the physical world.

Snježana Mirilović, Sanda Franković

Dolazak Družbe sestara milosrdnica sv. Vinka Paulskog na naše prostore označio je početak pružanja organizirane skrbi bolesnima i potrebitima, ali i podizanja stupnja obrazovanja prvenstveno ženske populacije. Osnivanjem brojnih odgojno-obrazovnih i zdravstveno-karitativnih ustanova na području jugoistočne Europe, sve do kraja Drugoga svjetskog rata, sestre milosrdnice su imale važnu i vodeću ulogu u promicanju i realizaciji svoje misije. U Karlovcu su do sredine 19. stoljeća skrb za bolesne i potrebite pružali vojni liječnici, franjevci i priučeno osoblje. Izgradnja Gradske javne bolnice 1846. godine označava važan korak u razvoju zdravstvene skrbi u Karlovcu. U bolnici su uz liječnike radile sestre milosrdnice sv. Vinka Paulskog i priučeno osoblje. Svrha je ovoga rada istražiti doprinos i djelokrug rada Družbe sestara milosrdnica sv. Vinka Paulskog u Gradskoj javnoj bolnici u Karlovcu u razdoblju od 1. travnja 1888. do 12. listopada 1978. godine.

Orsetta Giolo

En este ensayo, quisiera proponer una reflexión inicial sobre la significativa convergencia entre el iusfeminismo y el pacifismo jurídico en la crítica a la guerra. En primer lugar, mencionaré brevemente algunas consideraciones sobre el iusfeminismo como matriz constitutiva de las teorías críticas del derecho; posteriormente, intentaré analizar la naturaleza del pacifismo jurídico como una teoría crítica del Derecho. A continuación, tras precisar por qué el iusfeminismo y el pacifismo jurídico deben entenderse como “saberes inéditos”, me detendré, de forma esquemática, en el análisis de su convergencia metodológica, teórica y temática.

Fernando, Celestino Taperero

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a importância das relações sociais no contexto da categoria Ubuntu, bem como esclarecer sua origem e fundamentação filosófica. Ubuntu é compreendido como uma ontologia e epistemologia em fluxo, enraizada na ética dos povos Zulus, mas frequentemente associada a uma ética africana mais ampla. A concepção contemporânea de Ubuntu foi sistematizada pelo arcebispo sul-africano Desmond Tutu, no intuito de oferecer uma resposta ética às dinâmicas sociais no contexto pós-apartheid. Para que fosse reconhecido como representativo de uma ética africana, pesquisadores buscaram elementos comuns entre os povos de matriz linguística Bantu. No entanto, argumenta-se que o Ubuntu constitui, em grande medida, um procedimento formal – um ideal normativo – e não uma prática social amplamente efetivada. Essa observação é sustentada pela persistência de fenômenos como a xenofobia e a hostilidade étnica em diversas regiões do continente africano, em especial na própria África do Sul. Ainda assim, o Ubuntu permanece como um ideal ético relevante, fundamentado em seu princípio central: eu sou porque nós somos. Na concepção de Ubuntu formulada por Tutu, o “Eu” é compreendido como um sujeito inclusivo e fluido, que incorpora o “Nós” em sua própria constituição. Dessa forma, a junção linguística ubuntu não apenas expressa uma ética relacional, mas também evoca uma concepção existencial da vida em comunidade

Ezieddin Elmahjub

Generative AI (GenAI) outputs are not copyrightable. This article argues why. We bypass conventional doctrinal analysis that focuses on black letter law notions of originality and authorship to re-evaluate copyright's foundational philosophy. GenAI fundamentally severs the direct human creative link to expressive form. Traditional theories utilitarian incentive, labor desert and personality fail to provide coherent justification for protection. The public domain constitutes the default baseline for intellectual creations. Those seeking copyright coverage for GenAI outputs bear the burden of proof. Granting copyright to raw GenAI outputs would not only be philosophically unsound but would also trigger an unprecedented enclosure of the digital commons, creating a legal quagmire and stifling future innovation. The paper advocates for a clear distinction: human creative contributions to AI-generated works may warrant protection, but the raw algorithmic output should remain in the public domain.

Mirela Džehverović, Amela Pilav, Belma Jusić et al.

Numerous archaeological sites in Bosnia and Herzegovina represent a historical heritage and testify to the rich cultural, social, and political life of medieval Bosnia. Bobovac, the capital of the Bosnian Kingdom after King Tvrtko I's coronation in 1377, featured a royal complex with a palace, church, and fortification. Recent molecular-genetic research on skeletal remains from Bobovac aims to uncover medieval ancestors' customs and genetic origins. Fifteen well-preserved teeth samples from Bobovac were processed. STR amplification employed PowerPlex® Fusion and Investigator® 24plex QS Kits, with Y-STR profiles generated using the PowerPlex® Y23 System. Fourteen partial autosomal STR profiles were obtained, enabling sex determination and kinship analysis. STR amplification success varied due to ancient DNA degradation, with larger loci showing lower amplification rates. Kinship analysis confirmed appropriate marker selection, demonstrating high reliability for determining close relationships. Integrating aDNA analysis with archaeological research enhances our understanding of historical populations, connecting archaeology and forensic genetics to contribute to the broader narrative of human history.

Yisheng Yang, Sim Kuan Goh, Qing Cai et al.

Drawing inspiration from the philosophy of Yi Jing, the Yin-Yang pair optimization (YYPO) algorithm has been shown to achieve competitive performance in single objective optimizations, in addition to the advantage of low time complexity when compared to other population-based meta-heuristics. Building upon a reversal concept in Yi Jing, we propose the novel Yi optimization (YI) algorithm. Specifically, we enhance the Yin-Yang pair in YYPO with a proposed Yi-point, in which we use Cauchy flight to update the solution, by implementing both the harmony and reversal concept of Yi Jing. The proposed Yi-point balances both the effort of exploration and exploitation in the optimization process. To examine YI, we use the IEEE CEC 2017 benchmarks and compare YI against the dynamical YYPO, CV1.0 optimizer, and four classical optimizers, i.e., the differential evolution, the genetic algorithm, the particle swarm optimization, and the simulated annealing. According to the experimental results, YI shows highly competitive performance while keeping the low time complexity. The results of this work have implications for enhancing a meta-heuristic optimizer using the philosophy of Yi Jing. While this work implements only certain aspects of Yi Jing, we envisage enhanced performance by incorporating other aspects.

João Mattar

The main objectives of this theoretical paper are to compare some constructivist-related learning theories and explore how they can be adequately used in educational technology and distance education. After a brief introduction, constructivism is defined as a general philosophy of education encompassing several different learning theories. The article then presents and discusses the following theories: situated cognition, activity theory, experiential learning, anchored instruction, and authentic learning. Connectivism or distributed learning is also presented as a new and important theory, including its pedagogical view and practice in massive open online courses (MOOCs). These theories are then organized in a coherent way, classified under the constructivist umbrella, pointing their common and distinctive features. Connectivism is positioned as a new philosophy of education for the digital age, making Vygotsky’s concept of zone of proximal development (ZPD) more flexible and stretching it to include learning that lies outside the learner, in social networks and technological tools. The text finally proposes further work on how these theories can be properly combined and used as frameworks for constructivist projects and activities in the fields of educational technology and distance education. The article is based on the search and review of peer-reviewed articles on constructivism, connectivism, the other aforementioned theories, and education technology and distance education.

E. Petritoli, F. Leccese, L. Ciani

This paper focuses on the development of a new logistic approach based on reliability and maintenance assessment, with the final aim of establishing a more efficient interval for the maintenance activities for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). In the first part, we develop an architectural philosophy to obtain a more detailed reliability evaluation; then, we study the intrinsic reliability at the design stage in order to avoid severe critical issues in the UAV. In the second part, we compare different maintenance philosophies for UAVs and develop the concepts of preventive and corrective maintenance that consider the system subjected (until real “hard failure”) to partial performance degradation (“soft failure”). Finally, by evaluation of the uncertainty through the confidence interval, we determine the new soft failure limits, taking into account the general knowledge of the systems and subsystems in order to guarantee the proper preventive maintenance interval.

Eleanor March, William J. Wolf, James Read

We show that the dynamical common core of the recently-discovered non-relativistic geometric trinity of gravity is Maxwell gravitation. Moreover, we explain why no analogous distinct dynamical common core exists in the case of the better-known relativistic geometric trinity of gravity.

R. Duschl, Richard E. Grandy

Gen Eickers

This paper offers a systematic treatment of the social and cultural context of the blush. The paper looks into how different emotion theories approach blushing and does so by differentiating between basic emotion theories, which consider contextual factors but do not make them central to understanding emotional expressions, and contextual emotion theories, which make contextual factors central to understanding emotional expressions. The paper argues that blushing might be best explained by theories that make context central to understanding emotional expression.

N. V. Krishnendu, Frank Ohme

The detections of gravitational-wave (GW) signals from compact binary coalescence by ground-based detectors have opened up the era of GW astronomy. These observations provide opportunities to test Einstein's general theory of relativity at the strong-field regime. Here we give a brief overview of the various GW-based tests of General Relativity (GR) performed by the LIGO-Virgo collaboration on the detected GW events to date. After providing details for the tests performed in four categories, we discuss the prospects for each test in the context of future GW detectors. The four categories of tests include the consistency tests, parametrized tests for GW generation and propagation, tests for the merger remnant properties, and GW polarization tests.

Rohitash Chandra, Mukul Ranjan

A distinct feature of Hindu religious and philosophical text is that they come from a library of texts rather than single source. The Upanishads is known as one of the oldest philosophical texts in the world that forms the foundation of Hindu philosophy. The Bhagavad Gita is core text of Hindu philosophy and is known as a text that summarises the key philosophies of the Upanishads with major focus on the philosophy of karma. These texts have been translated into many languages and there exists studies about themes and topics that are prominent; however, there is not much study of topic modelling using language models which are powered by deep learning. In this paper, we use advanced language produces such as BERT to provide topic modelling of the key texts of the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita. We analyse the distinct and overlapping topics amongst the texts and visualise the link of selected texts of the Upanishads with Bhagavad Gita. Our results show a very high similarity between the topics of these two texts with the mean cosine similarity of 73%. We find that out of the fourteen topics extracted from the Bhagavad Gita, nine of them have a cosine similarity of more than 70% with the topics of the Upanishads. We also found that topics generated by the BERT-based models show very high coherence as compared to that of conventional models. Our best performing model gives a coherence score of 73% on the Bhagavad Gita and 69% on The Upanishads. The visualization of the low dimensional embeddings of these texts shows very clear overlapping among their topics adding another level of validation to our results.

Dennis Müller

In this paper, we situate the educational movement of "Ethics in Mathematics," as outlined by the Cambridge University Ethics in Mathematics Project, in the wider area of mathematics ethics education. By focusing on the core message coming out of Ethics in Mathematics, its target group, and educational philosophy, we set it into relation with "Mathematics for Social Justice" and Paul Ernest's recent work on ethics of mathematics. We conclude that, although both Ethics in Mathematics and Mathematics for Social Justice appear antagonistic at first glance, they can be understood as complementary rather than competing educational strategies.

C. Marcus, M. Barnes

V. Romei, G. Thut, J. Silvanto

Verónica Lidia Martínez Martínez

A partir de la conceptualización de la cesantía en edad avanzada y de la vejez, así como de los requisitos que se exigen en la actual Ley del Seguro Social para acceder a las prestaciones que se confieren en ambos seguros, en este trabajo se analizan las modificaciones que introduce la iniciativa con proyecto de Decreto por el que se reforman, adicionan y derogan diversas disposiciones de la Ley del Seguro Social y de la Ley de los Sistemas de Ahorro para el Retiro, aprobada y publicada en el Diario Oficial de la Federación del 16 de diciembre de 2020, y su inconvencionalidad al amparo del Convenio (número 102) sobre la seguridad social (norma mínima).

Xin Liu

In this paper, I articulate three kinds of division that Plato and Aristotle acknowledge to be proper, valid methods of division, namely, diairesis (vertical division), parallel division, and chiasmus (cross-division). I attempt to explain the relationship among the three kinds of division, namely, how they transform from one to another. Starting with Plato’s division of constitution in the Statesman, I illuminate that from ostensible diairesis emerges a parallel division, and the parallel division causes a cross-division to occur. Thus, the sixfold division of constitution is not a diairesis (as it appears to be) but rather is a 3 x 2 cross-division. Inheriting the three kinds of division from Plato, Aristotle advances the form by providing a theoretical explanation to the transformation of the three kinds of division. In Topics Z6, Aristotle prescribes two conditions under which a parallel division can originate from or construct ostensible diairesis and how the parallel division further causes a cross-division to occur.

Daniel Arruda Nascimento

Promovendo uma releitura de L’aperto: l’uomo e l’animale de Giorgio Agamben, o presente artigo tem a dupla intenção de expor a máquina antropológica que opera clássica e modernamente a antropogênese e de apresentar aspectos da filosofia indígena (a filosofia produzida e expressada por ameríndios brasileiros) que orientam a relação entre o homem e o animal, bem como entre o humano e animalidade, em contraste. Arriscamos empregar a expressão filosofia indígena, conscientes de que ela pode ser mal recebida, embora tenha o texto uma implícita defesa dessa possibilidade. Entre os interlocutores indígenas, visitamos Gersem Baniwa, Daniel Munduruku e Davi Kopenawa, entre outros. Se o contemporâneo está absolutamente presente e cativa a nossa atenção com as luzes e obscuridades, nada pode ser mais contemporâneo do que o esforço de ampliar os nossos horizontes epistemológicos.