Hasil untuk "Information resources (General)"

L. Light

Lingxuan Hu, David Evans

M. Avhad, J. Marchetti

F. Brandão, G. Gour

In recent years it has been recognized that properties of physical systems such as entanglement, athermality, and asymmetry, can be viewed as resources for important tasks in quantum information, thermodynamics, and other areas of physics. This recognition was followed by the development of specific quantum resource theories (QRTs), such as entanglement theory, determining how quantum states that cannot be prepared under certain restrictions may be manipulated and used to circumvent the restrictions. Here we discuss the general structure of QRTs, and show that under a few assumptions (such as convexity of the set of free states), a QRT is asymptotically reversible if its set of allowed operations is maximal, that is, if the allowed operations are the set of all operations that do not generate (asymptotically) a resource. In this case, the asymptotic conversion rate is given in terms of the regularized relative entropy of a resource which is the unique measure or quantifier of the resource in the asymptotic limit of many copies of the state. This measure also equals the smoothed version of the logarithmic robustness of the resource.

Serhad Sarica, Jianxi Luo

There are increasing applications of natural language processing techniques for information retrieval, indexing, topic modelling and text classification in engineering contexts. A standard component of such tasks is the removal of stopwords, which are uninformative components of the data. While researchers use readily available stopwords lists that are derived from non-technical resources, the technical jargon of engineering fields contains their own highly frequent and uninformative words and there exists no standard stopwords list for technical language processing applications. Here we address this gap by rigorously identifying generic, insignificant, uninformative stopwords in engineering texts beyond the stopwords in general texts, based on the synthesis of alternative statistical measures such as term frequency, inverse document frequency, and entropy, and curating a stopwords dataset ready for technical language processing applications.

Farhad Sharifi Bagha, Jafar Haqiqat, Zahra Karimi Takanloo

<p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">The purpose of the current research is to investigate the relationship between the monetary policy shock via exchange rate channel on the management quality index in the banking system within a productivity approach. The current research is applied in terms of its purpose and analytical-descriptive in terms of its method. This study utilizes 96 variables of seasonal time series data that affect the management quality index within the bank productivity framework, one of the critical indicators for assessing the health of the banking system. The analysis covers the period from 1378:1 to 1401:4 and employs the Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregression (FAVAR) model to investigate the effect of monetary policy via exchange rate channel on the management quality index in the banking system. Among the many variables influencing the productivity of the whole bank, which are extracted from the bank's balance sheet, the amount of expenses (financial expenses, administrative and general expenses) and the amount of profit (net investment interest, interest received from foreign currency deposits) were investigated. The results indicated that the monetary policy shock through the exchange rate channel had a significant negative relationship with the selected variables and caused a decrease in the amount of profit and an increase in the amount of expenses, which led to a decrease in the overall productivity of the bank.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>&nbsp;</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>Key Words:</strong> management quality in the banking system, productivity approach, monetary policy shock, exchange rate</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>1.Introduction</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Productivity is one of the concepts of economics and management, which is defined as: "the amount of goods or services produced compared to each unit of energy or labor spent without reducing quality&rdquo;, in other words "effectiveness along with efficiency". In the operational concept, productivity is the ratio between output values ​​and input values ​​used in the production process. In fact, the purpose of productivity is to maximize output and minimize input. On the other hand, one of the most important challenges of the banking system in any economy is its reaction to shocks and economic fluctuations. Any unexpected phenomenon that has an unpredictable effect on economic variables is considered a shock, which can be classified as environmental, external, internal or supply and demand shocks. The adoption of monetary policies is the process by which the central bank or the country's monetary authority controls the supply of money or other monetary variables and imposes fluctuations on the economy as a type of economic policies.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>2.Literature Review</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Sofin (2005) in a study entitled &ldquo;the source of changes in profitability in commercial banks in developing countries; The case study of the country of Malaysia&rdquo; has investigated the productivity of all production factors in commercial banks in Malaysia during the period from 1998 to 2003 using the Malmquist index. In this study, the interest income of the banks from the place of granting various types of facilities, the amount of loan paid as the bank's income and the volume of various types of bank deposits, labor force and fixed assets of the bank's branches were taken into consideration. In total, the results of this study showed that the productivity of production factors in Malaysian banks decreased by 7% during the period under review. The negative effects of technological changes have been one of the reasons for the decrease in the productivity of banks. In a study, Sanbat (2016) has investigated monetary policy transmission channels in the United States using the FAVAR model and 154 monthly time series variables in the time period from 1970 to 2014. To this end, the effect of monetary policy shock on bank portfolio variables and economic activity variables and the effect of lending on economic activity variables have been investigated. The research findings indicate the existence of a credit channel in America. Also, it was found that the contractionary monetary policy causes a decrease in loan supply, which leads to a dcrease in economic activities. Elborn et al. (2019) in a study aimed at Do SVARs detect unconventional monetary policy shocks? revealed that the used identification schemes fail to recover real unconventional monetary policy shocks in the Eurozone. In their identification schemes, information on the size of the central bank's balance sheet is key to distinguishing monetary policy shocks from other shocks that reduce financial market stress. In the present study, we show that replacing ECB balance sheet size with random numbers leads to statistically indistinguishable shock response functions and time series of abnormal monetary policy shocks. In contrast, using monetary policy shocks identified by forward rate data by Jaroski and Karadi, we argue that unconventional monetary policies have not had a statistically significant effect on real economic activity.</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>3.Methodology</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">Regarding the purpose, the present study is applied research, utilizing an analytical-descriptive methodology. The FAVAR or the Factor-Augmented Vector Autoregression model presented by Bernanke, Boivin and Elias (2003) has been used to solve the problems related to the VAR model. Therefore, using 96 variables of seasonal time series data affecting the management quality index within the bank productivity approach which is one of the most important indicators of assessing the health of the banking system, and employing the factor-added empirical model (FAVAR), the effect of monetary policy via the exchange rate channel on the management quality index in the banking system was investigated during the period of 1378:1-1401:4</p> <p style="text-align: left;">In order to investigate the mechanism of the impact of monetary policy shocks via exchange rate channel on the variables affecting the health of the banking system, the two-stage method of principal components was used. Therefore, first, the following equation was estimated without considering the Yt vector, based on which the number of optimal factors was selected. The equation can be written using model variables as follows:</p> <p style="text-align: left;">After determining the number of optimal factors, the equation was estimated. This equation can be shown as follows:</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>4.Result</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">The purpose of the current research was to investigate the relationship between the monetary policy shock through the exchange rate channel on the management quality index in the banking system within the productivity approach. Regarding the relationship between the variables, it was expected that the value of each variable from the previous period will have a positive effect on the current value of the variable, in such a way that, for example, an increase in the exchange rate in the past period increases or decreases the variables in the current period. The monetary policy through the exchange rate channel has led to a direct effect on the deposits of the banking network and, as a result, the power to grant facilities and operational income, which, in turn, affects one of the most important indicators of the health of the banking system, which is the management quality index (i.e., productivity). For this reason, fluctuations caused by monetary policy shocks in the exchange rate, as one of the most fundamental factors affecting the health of the banking system, can have a significant negative impact. Thus, the results showed:</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Monetary policy shocks via exchange rate channel have a significant negative impact on the bank's profit.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">Monetary policy shocks via exchange rate channel have a significant positive effect on the amount of expenses in the bank.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">As a result, it can be said that the relationship between the monetary policy shock via exchange rate channel has a negative significant relationship with the management quality index (i.e., productivity).</p> <p style="text-align: left;"><strong>5.Discussion</strong></p> <p style="text-align: left;">In recent years, the exchange rate fluctuations caused by the policies of monetary and financial authorities of the country to pursue different goals and the banking-oriented nature of Iran's economy have caused the optimal management of resources and the ability of bank allocation as well as the resulting revenues to have a great impact on the country's financial performance. One of the most important indicators that can be used to attract bank resources and assess how to use resources (optimal allocation of resources) and incomes, is the productivity index in the discussion of management quality. Productivity is a combination of efficiency and effectiveness. The obtained results indicate that the impact of the monetary policy shock via exchange rate channel has increased over a certain period on the target factors. During this time, the number of changes in the target variables by the variables themselves decreases and the changes in the variables caused by the shock of the exchange rate channel increase. Therefore, monetary policy shocks through the exchange rate channel have a significant negative impact on productivity, and consequently, have a negative impact on the quality index of bank management. Moreover, monetary policy shocks through the exchange rate channel have a significant negative impact on the amount of profit earned in the bank and a significant positive effect on the amount of bank expenses.</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p> <p style="text-align: left;">&nbsp;</p>

Elizabeth Treviño, Víctor Manuel Bañuelos Aquino

Este número de la revista Bibliographica (Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliográficas, unam), en sus secciones Bibliographia, Monographia e Instumenta, recorre objetos y discursos de la cultura escrita, desde incunables y prensa decimonónica hasta grafiti y fanfiction. Los artículos reunidos abordan textos y soportes no convencionales, y replantean el canon desde nuevas perspectivas críticas.

C. Wickens

ABSTRACT We discuss two general concepts of attention: (1) As a filter of selective attention that selects and admits channels of information from the environment to be processed; (2) as a resource to enable subsequent information processing, constrained by the individual demand of tasks, and particularly the collective demands of multiple tasks needing to be performed concurrently defining the limits of multitasking. In both concept domains we review theories and design principles, and particularly computational models of attentional process and performance outputs. In discussing the filter we consider supervisory control, noticing, visual search, and the way in which limited selective attention constrains the filter can be overcome to avail more parallel processing via techniques of display overlay and object display. In discussing the fuel for multi-tasking, we distinguish between the parallel processing supported by multiple resources, and the sequential processing and task switching required when demands are excessive.

R. Säljö

A. Bărbulescu

Groundwater vulnerability studies are sources of essential information for the management of water resources, aiming at the water quality preservation. Different methodologies for estimating the groundwater vulnerability, in general, or of the karst aquifer, in particular, are known. Among them, DRASTIC is one of the most popular due to its performance and easy-to-use applicability. In this article, we review DRASTIC and some DRASTIC-like methods introduced by different scientists, emphasizing their applications, advantages, and drawbacks.

Jeong‐Bon Kim, L. Lu, Yangxin Yu

Using brokerage mergers and closures as two sources of exogenous shock to analyst coverage, this study explores the causal effect of analyst coverage on ex ante expected crash risk as captured by the options implied volatility smirk. We find a significant increase in a firm's ex ante expected crash risk subsequent to an exogenous drop in analyst coverage; this positive effect is stronger for firms initially receiving less coverage. Further, we find analysts' ability matters to investors' assessment of future crash risk. Specifically, we find the impact is more pronounced for the coverage terminations of analysts with more firm-specific or general experience, with greater access to resources, or whose prior forecasts are more accurate than those of their peers. Overall, our results suggest that investors in the options market do recognize analysts as important information intermediaries and monitors and, thus, that analyst coverage influences the underlying stock's expected crash risk. JEL Classifications: G12; M41.

Narcisa-Victoria DĂRĂBAN

In a world where every individual strives to showcase his originality, peculiarities and traits that make him different from others through all possible means, whether we are talking about the style of clothing, the image on social media, hobbies, the language used, or the works read or created, this paper aims to discover how originality manifests in scientific works and what steps to follow in order to create the academic puzzle called a doctoral thesis, considering the pieces that don't seem to fit together, despite having multiple similar aspects: originality, plagiarism and similarity. These three concepts are of particular importance in the academic world, sparking intense discussions and within civil society in recent times, with profound implications for the integrity of research and the genuine understanding of individual academic contributions. In today’s information age, where access to resources and technologies is readily available to all, originality seems to constantly dilute, while the phenomenon of plagiarism is on the rise, becoming increasingly prominent and complex, diminishing trust in research studies and the work done. In the context in which doctoral theses should represent significant contributions to human knowledge, we aim that from this paper to clearly result the meaning and purpose of the three terms within the work intended to form the basis for awarding the doctoral title to its author .

A. Asemi, Andrea Ko, Mohsen Nowkarizi

PurposeThis paper reviews literature on the application of intelligent systems in the libraries with a special issue on the ES/AI and Robot. Also, it introduces the potential of libraries to use intelligent systems, especially ES/AI and robots.Design/methodology/approachDescriptive and content review methods are applied, and the researchers critically reviewed the articles related to library ESs and robots from Web of Science as a general database and Emerald as a specific database in library and information science from 2007–2017. Four scopes considered to classify the articles as technology, service, user and resource. It is found that published researches on the intelligent systems have contributed to many librarian purposes like library technical services like the organization of information resources, storage and retrieval of information resources, library public services as reference services, information desk and other purposes.FindingsA review of the previous studies shows that ESs are a useable intelligent system in library and information science that mimic librarian expert’s behaviors to support decision making and management. Also, it is shown that the current information systems have a high potential to be improved by integration with AI technologies. In this researches, librarian robots mostly designed for detection and replacing books on the shelf. Improving the technology of gripping, localizing and human-robot interaction are the main concern in recent librarian robot research. Our conclusion is that we need to develop research in the area of smart resources.Originality/valueThis study has a new approach to the literature review in this area. We compared the published papers in the field of ES/AI and robot and library from two databases, general and specific.

K. Jacob, P. Sharan, I. Mirza et al.

R. Rice, Sandra K. Evans, Katy E. Pearce et al.

Jia Li, Diqiang Li, Diqiang Li et al.

Similar species may co-occur in sympatry because of the partitioning of habitat use and resources at different spatial and temporal scales. Understanding coexistence patterns of species may contribute to further uncovering the underlying coexistence mechanisms, and ultimately benefit the conservation of threatened species. In this study, camera trapping was used to investigate spatial and temporal activity patterns of sympatric giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) and Asiatic black bears (Ursus thibetanus) in Changqing National Nature Reserve in Qinling Mountains, China. Our study obtained 281 independent detections of giant pandas and 185 of Asiatic black bears during 93,606 camera-trap days from April 2014 to October 2017. We performed occupancy modeling and temporal overlap analyses to examine the spatial-temporal relationships between pandas and bears, and results showed that: (1) giant pandas had higher detection probabilities than Asiatic black bears, while having lower occupancy probabilities; (2) Elevation positively predicted giant panda and negatively predicted Asiatic black bear occupancy, understory vegetation type negatively predicted giant panda occupancy, and distance to nearest settlement positively predicted Asiatic black bear occupancy; (3) giant pandas were more active in spring and winter, while Asiatic black bears were more active in summer, and the two species had low spatial overlap with one another throughout the year; (4) both giant pandas and Asiatic black bears showed mainly diurnal activity patterns, and had high temporal overlap with one another in spring and moderate temporal overlap with one another in autumn. Our results provide detailed information of the spatial and temporal ecology of sympatric giant pandas and Asiatic black bears in the Qinling Mountains of China, which could act as a guide to construct conservation priorities as well as design efficient management programs.

G. Veletsianos

M. Jha, A. Chowdhury, V. Chowdary et al.

Mila Malekolkalami, Atefeh Sharif

<p class="Subjectcodes">Considering the essential role of knowledge management in organizations and the importance of knowledge auditing as one of its most vital processes, the purpose of this paper is to reveal the insights and thoughts of authors about knowledge auditing in the articles during 2016-2020 by using the systematic review method. In these articles, the progress and differences in the proposed models and frameworks of knowledge auditing are also examined. In this review, 20 articles out of 50 retrieved articles related to knowledge auditing were reviewed and analysed. The study of the obtained results shows the progress and changes of authors 'attitudes toward knowledge auditing and their attention and focus on the knowledge management process, making suggestions, and continues re-auditing in organizations.</p><p class="Subjectcodes"><a href="https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.3.13.0">https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.20088302.2022.20.3.13.0</a>   </p>

Ahmad Shabani, Hmid Pirayesh, Saeed Rajaeepour et al.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning among public librarians in Fars province. Method: This study is an applied study which was conducted using the descriptive-correlational method. The statistical population included all librarians of public libraries in Fars province in 1400 (322 people), from whom 175 librarians were selected as the research sample using simple random sampling. In order to collect people's opinions, Bukowitz and Williams (1999) standard knowledge management questionnaire and organizational learning questionnaire based on Neefe theory (2001) were used. In order to analyze the data, SPSS software version 22. and descriptive statistical methods such as frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and in inferential statistics, Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression were used. Findings: The results of correlation coefficient showed that there was a significant relationship between knowledge management (KM) and organizational learning (OL) among the librarians of public libraries in Fars province. Furthermore, among KM’s components, knowledge production and consolidation and sharing had the most correlation with OL (respectively 0.900 and 0/898 correlation coefficients). Moreover, the result of multiple linear regression showed that there is a 100-percent common variance between KM and OL. The production and consolidation component is the strongest predictor for OL (Beta=0.197). This research showed that knowledge production and consolidation component (acquisition of required skills in accordance with organizational goals) and knowledge sharing (transfer and sharing of effective individual and organizational experiences) have the greatest relationship and impact on the promotion and improvement of OL. Originality/value: The issue of knowledge management has been an issue of concern in public library literature in recent years. However, the relationship between knowledge management and organizational learning has not been studied much; In addition, examining this issue among the community of public library librarians of Fars province has been the focus of attention in the present study. The results of this research can pave the way for library managers to try to improve knowledge and knowledge management that has led to organizational learning by planning, appropriate policies, and providing standards.