Hasil untuk "Hungary"

Attila Czont, Zsolt Bodor, Tamás Koncsag et al.

Monitoring adolescent team-sport athletes may benefit from combining performance and molecular markers, but empirical evidence supporting this approach in youth team sports remains limited. Objective: Our study investigated molecular and physiological adaptations to seasonal training in elite U18 ice hockey players, focusing on aerobic capacity, salivary cortisol, serum irisin, and cell-free DNA (cfDNA) dynamics. Methods: National-level U18 players were enrolled in our study (<i>n</i> = 23 for cross-sectional analysis, <i>n</i> = 12 longitudinal) during the pre- and early-competition season. Aerobic performance was assessed via graded treadmill VO₂max testing, and the biochemical markers quantified using ELISA-based assays. Results: From pre- to early-season (paired <i>n</i> = 12), VO₂max increased by 10.6% (g = +1.00, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and irisin by 14.7% (g = +0.83, <i>p</i> = 0.010). cfDNA decreased by 60.8% (g = −0.54, <i>p</i> = 0.070; moderate effect, not statistically clear), while cortisol remained stable (+11.3%; <i>p</i> = 0.667). Inter-individual variability increased for VO₂max and irisin and decreased by 82% for cfDNA. Exploratory cross-sectional positional analysis indicated higher irisin levels in forwards and elevated cfDNA in defensemen, although differences did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions: These preliminary findings provide cohort-size limited longitudinal evidence of chronic irisin elevation in ice hockey players and highlight the possibility of combining VO₂max + irisin + cfDNA to assist individualized load/recovery in elite youth ice hockey.

Attila Palkó

Tuyet Linh Vuong, János Steklács

With the rapid development of society, choosing an effective reading comprehension teaching method for the classroom has become a crucial factor in the professional growth of teachers and educational institutions. One of the most extensively discussed methods is reciprocal teaching (RT). However, there are few studies that thoroughly examine the theory and effect of RT on students. The current study examines the RT literature with the aim of identifying key aspects of RT and the types of tools used to measure teachers’ and students’ comprehension as well as the limitations and future directions. The findings demonstrate that scholars have concentrated on definitions of RT and the four strategies of prediction, questioning, clarifying, and summarising. Researchers show that RT works well for teaching physics, algebra, reading comprehension, and other disciplines to students of all skill levels, including those who perform poorly academically. Furthermore, current research incorporates tools like assessments, surveys, interviews, and observations to provide a thorough understanding of how teachers and students utilize RT. Based on these findings, the study offers recommendations for future RT studies aimed at researchers, educators, and teachers seeking to implement this method in classroom environment.

Jonathan Shepard

Pál Czeglédi

Az alábbi rövid esszé célja az, hogy megemlékezzen Jászay Antalról, vagyis Anthony de Jasay-ről, aki a politikai filozófia és a közösségi választások elméletének határmezsgyéjén alkotott nagyot, és 2025-ben van születésének 100. évfordulója. Viszonylagos ismeretlensége magyarázható egyrészt azzal, hogy a tudományos világ intézményeit kerülte, másrészt filozófiája ,,konzervatív anarchista”' következtetéseivel. Jasay azonban a közösségi választások elméletének olyan klasszikusa, akit nem kellene elfelejtenünk – amihez persze előbb meg kellene ismernünk. JEL kód: D70, B25

Berhane Nugusse Zereay, Sándor Kálvin, György Juhász et al.

We developed and applied a new calibration method to make more accurate measurements with our multi-color ellipsometric mapping tool made from cheap parts. Ellipsometry is an optical technique that measures the relative change in the polarization state of the measurement beam induced by reflection from or transmission through a sample. During conventional ellipsometric measurement, the data collection is relatively slow and measures one spot at a time, so mapping needs a long time compared with our new optical mapping equipment made by an ordinary color LED monitor and a polarization-sensitive camera. The angle of incidence and the incident polarization state is varied point by point, so a special optical calibration method is needed. Three SiO₂ samples with different thicknesses were used for the point-by-point determination of the angle of incidence and rho (ρ) corrections. After the calibration, another SiO₂ sample was measured and analyzed using the calibrated corrections; further, this sample was independently measured using a conventional spectroscopic ellipsometer. The difference between the two measured thickness maps is less than 1 nm. Our optical mapping tool made from cheap parts is faster and covers wider area samples relative to conventional ellipsometers, and these correction enhancements further demonstrate its performance.

Ferenc Kodba

A szerző részletes áttekintést ad egy 2013-as pécsi dohánybolt elleni álarcos fegyveres rablás nyomozásáról.  

Laszlo Porkolab, Istvan Lakatos

The seat significantly contributes to driving safety. Ergonomic seats prevent physical strain and fatigue, so attention and concentration do not drop so quickly, which helps to avoid accidents. The article generally presents the development of seats used in cars and the current areas of use of rotatable seats. Furthermore, it gives an overview of the possible seating positions for fully autonomous vehicles. The article leads the reader through the crash test simulation focusing on the model used. Subsequently, the article presents the research results so far and the possibilities for further development of the driver's seat. The article highlights the change in the driver's movement kinematics as a crucial observation. This change significantly increases the risk of serious injury. In frontal collisions, the modified seat consistently demonstrates results below the specified limit. It is important to note that there are injury values that increase, but these are not a problem because they remain below the limit. In the case of a side collision, the aim was less to reduce injury values and more to better coordinate the kinematics of the passenger's movement during the accident. It can be concluded that this is achievable with the modified seat, as the passenger's movements are notably more predictable and coordinated under these circumstances.

Kitti Szőke, Beáta Bódi, Zoltán Hendrik et al.

Abstract Previous investigations have demonstrated that treatment of animals with rapamycin increases levels of autophagy, which is a process by which cells degrade intracellular detritus, thus suppressing the emergence of senescent cells, whose pro‐inflammatory properties, are primary drivers of age‐associated physical decline. A hypothesis is tested here that rapamycin treatment of mice approaching the end of their normal lifespan exhibits increased survival, enhanced expression of autophagic proteins; and klotho protein—a biomarker of aging that affects whole organism senescence, and systemic suppression of inflammatory mediator production. Test groups of 24‐month‐old C57BL mice were injected intraperitoneally with either 1.5 mg/kg/week rapamycin or vehicle. All mice administered rapamycin survived the 12‐week course, whereas 43% of the controls died. Relative to controls, rapamycin‐treated mice experienced minor but significant weight loss; moreover, nonsignificant trends toward decreased levels of leptin, IL‐6, IL‐1β, TNF‐α, IL‐1α, and IGF‐1, along with slight elevations in VEGF, MCP‐1 were observed in the blood serum of rapamycin‐treated mice. Rapamycin‐treated mice exhibited significantly enhanced autophagy and elevated expression of klotho protein, particularly in the kidney. Rapamycin treatment also increased cardiomyocyte Ca2+‐sensitivity and enhanced the rate constant of force re‐development, which may also contribute to the enhanced survival rate in elderly mice.

Barbara Vörös-Horváth, Pavo Živković, Krisztina Bánfai et al.

Anita Szegő, Iman Mirmazloum, Zsolt Pónya et al.

Silicon (Si) is a ubiquitous element in soil with well-known beneficial effects under certain conditions, in several plant species, if supplied in available form for uptake. It may alleviate damage in various stress situations and may also promote growth when no obvious stressors are applied. Effects of Si are often linked to mitigation of oxidative stress, in particular to the induction of antioxidant defense mechanisms. In the work presented, the impact of silicon provision on pro-oxidant systems was investigated in cucumber. Plants of the F1 cultivar hybrid ‘Joker’ were grown under in vitro conditions in the absence of any applied external stressor. Silicon provision decreased H₂O₂ content and lowered lipid peroxidation in the leaves of the treated plants. This was paralleled by declining polyamine oxidase (PAO) and diamine oxidase (DAO) activities. Several PAO as well as lipoxygenase (LOX) genes were coordinately downregulated in Si-treated plants. Unlike in similar systems studied earlier, the Si effect was not associated with an increased transcript level of gene coding for antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest an inhibitory effect of Si provision on pro-oxidant amine oxidases, which may decrease the level of reactive oxygen species by retarding their production. This extends the molecular mechanisms linked to silicon effects onto redox balance in plants.

Christian Mueller, Frederik Marmé, Luc Dirix et al.

Florin Borcan, Adél Len, Adél Len et al.

Due to their effect of vasodilatation, isosorbide nitrates represent one of the most important and most used solutions for angina pectoris. Unfortunately, these compounds have multiple dose-related adverse drug reactions such as headache, weakness, mild dizziness, and occasionally heart rate changes, nausea, vomiting, and sweating. The main aims of this research were to obtain and to evaluate new polyurethane (PU) structures that can be used as a proper transmembrane carrier with an improved release kinetic. Chitosan-based PU structures were obtained by a polyaddition process between hexamethylene diisocyanate and a mixture of chitosan, butanediol, and polyethylene glycol in the presence of caffeine as a synthesis catalyst. The obtained samples (with and without isosorbide nitrates) were characterized regarding the encapsulation and release rate (UV-Vis spectra), chemical composition (FTIR), thermal stability (thermal analysis), morphology changes (SEM and SANS), and in vivo irritation tests. These methods revealed no significant differences between the two sample structures. Multipopulational structures with sizes between 73 and 310 nm, with an increased tendency to form clusters and a high resistance to heat (up to 280°C), were obtained. This study presents an alternative administration of isosorbide derivatives based on a PU carrier with a high biocompatibility and a prolonged release.

NIKOLETT VÁGÓ

Idén második alkalommal került sor a Közgazdaságtudományi Kari Napok rendezvénysorozatra a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetemen. A K-kari napok keretében, 2012. április 11-én, Simor András, a Magyar Nemzeti Bank elnöke tartott előadást „Monetáris politika a válság idején” címmel.

Omar SALEM

The purpose of the study is to analyze social media marketing in higher education institutions and determine the tools and strategies that are used by universities to promote their brands and how social media marketing affects strengthening the competitive advantage of higher education institutions. The researcher followed a systematic review process that aims to summarize, identify, and evaluate all related researches about social media marketing in higher education institutions. As the study indicates, Social media platforms are the most important channels to promote advertising campaigns and communicate with current and prospective students.

L. Holosna

Goal. To determine the degree of resistance of collection samples of winter wheat to the pathogen of the common bunt Tilletia caries in the conditions of the Right forest-steppe of Ukraine. Research Methods. Field. The studies were conducted on the sites of the experimental farm «Glevakha» Vasilkovsky district of Kiev region in 2015—2017. The infectious background of the pathogen of solid bunt was created according to the method of Krivchenko V.I. Sustainability was assessed by counting the number of healthy and diseased ears. The results were differentiated in points on a 9-point scale. Results. Against an artificial infectious background of the pathogen of hard bunt, the stability of 115 winter wheat cultivars was evaluated. The collection was obtained from the National Center for Plant Genetic Resources of the Institute of Plant Production and included varietal samples from 15 countries: Ukraine, Russia, Moldova, Romania, Austria, Germany, Slovakia, Lithuania, Kazakhstan, Iran, Georgia, Hungary, Bulgaria and the USA. Among the varieties of winter wheat of domestic selection, highly resistant (score 9—8) to the causative agent of bunt was not found, resistance (score 7—6) was shown by the varieties Niva and Syaivo (Ukraine). Varieties of foreign selection that showed high resistance (score 9—8) — Galina, Nemchinovskaya 57 (Russia), F 02065G5-21, F 94578G3-1 / BUCUR // DELABRAD and Miranda (Romania), resistant (score 7—6) were — Course (Russia), Noroc (Romania) and MV-Toldi (Hungary). Conclusions. Varieties of winter wheat Niva, Syaivo, Hvulya, Veteran, L 59, Schedrost and Pobeda of Ukrainian selection, Galina, Nemchinovskaya 57, Course (Russia), F 02065G5-21, F 94578G3-1 / BUCUR // DELABRAD, Miranda, Noroc (Romania ), MV-Toldi (Hungary) in the years of research showed a high resistance to the causative agent of bunt T. caries on an artificial infectious background. All of them can be used in the selection of new productive, disease-resistant varieties.

Balázs Lengyel, Eszter Bokányi, Riccardo Di Clemente et al.

The urban-rural divide is increasing in modern societies calling for geographical extensions of social influence modelling. Improved understanding of innovation diffusion across locations and through social connections can provide us with new insights into the spread of information, technological progress and economic development. In this work, we analyze the spatial adoption dynamics of iWiW, an Online Social Network (OSN) in Hungary and uncover empirical features about the spatial adoption in social networks. During its entire life cycle from 2002 to 2012, iWiW reached up to 300 million friendship ties of 3 million users. We find that the number of adopters as a function of town population follows a scaling law that reveals a strongly concentrated early adoption in large towns and a less concentrated late adoption. We also discover a strengthening distance decay of spread over the life-cycle indicating high fraction of distant diffusion in early stages but the dominance of local diffusion in late stages. The spreading process is modelled within the Bass diffusion framework that enables us to compare the differential equation version with an agent-based version of the model run on the empirical network. Although both models can capture the macro trend of adoption, they have limited capacity to describe the observed trends of urban scaling and distance decay. We find, however that incorporating adoption thresholds, defined by the fraction of social connections that adopt a technology before the individual adopts, improves the network model fit to the urban scaling of early adopters. Controlling for the threshold distribution enables us to eliminate the bias induced by local network structure on predicting local adoption peaks. Finally, we show that geographical features such as distance from the innovation origin and town size influence prediction of adoption peak at local scales.

László I. Gerecsei, András Csillag, Gergely Zachar et al.

The member of synthetic cathinone family, methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV), is a frequently used psychoactive drug of abuse. The objective of our study was to determine the effect of MDPV (administered from the 8th to the 14th day of gestation) on the behavior of neonatal and adolescent mice, as well as its effect on maternal care. We measured maternal care (pup retrieval test, nest building), locomotor activity (open field test), and motor coordination (grip strength test) of dams, whereas on pups we examined locomotor activity at postnatal day 7 and day 21 (open field test) and motor coordination on day 21 (grip strength test). On fresh-frozen brain samples of the dams we examined the expression of two important peptides implicated in the regulation of maternal behavior and lactation: tuberoinfundibular peptide 39 (TIP39) mRNA in the thalamic posterior intralaminar complex, and amylin mRNA in the medial preoptic nucleus. We detected decreased birth rate and survival of offspring, and reduced maternal care in the drug-treated animals, whereas there was no difference between the motility of treated and control mothers. Locomotor activity of the pups was increased in the MDPV treated group both at 7 and 21 days of age, while motor coordination was unaffected by MDPV treatment. TIP39 and amylin were detected in their typical location but failed to show a significant difference of expression between the drug-treated and control groups. The results suggest that chronic systemic administration of the cathinone agent MDPV to pregnant mice can reduce birth rate and maternal care, and it also enhances motility (without impairment of motor coordination) of the offspring.

Vincent Primault, Antoine Boutet, Sonia Ben Mokhtar et al.

With the increasing amount of mobility data being collected on a daily basis by location-based services (LBSs) comes a new range of threats for users, related to the over-sharing of their location information. To deal with this issue, several location privacy protection mechanisms (LPPMs) have been proposed in the past years. However, each of these mechanisms comes with different configuration parameters that have a direct impact both on the privacy guarantees offered to the users and on the resulting utility of the protected data. In this context, it can be difficult for non-expert system designers to choose the appropriate configuration to use. Moreover, these mechanisms are generally configured once for all, which results in the same configuration for every protected piece of information. However, not all users have the same behaviour, and even the behaviour of a single user is likely to change over time. To address this issue, we present in this paper ALP, a new framework enabling the dynamic configuration of LPPMs. ALP can be used in two scenarios: (1) offline, where ALP enables a system designer to choose and automatically tune the most appropriate LPPM for the protection of a given dataset; (2) online, where ALP enables the user of a crowd sensing application to protect consecutive batches of her geolocated data by automatically tuning an existing LPPM to fulfil a set of privacy and utility objectives. We evaluate ALP on both scenarios with two real-life mobility datasets and two state-of-the-art LPPMs. Our experiments show that the adaptive LPPM configurations found by ALP outperform both in terms of privacy and utility a set of static configurations manually fixed by a system designer.

Z. Trócsányi

These lectures are intended to provide the theoretical basis of describing high-energy particle collisions at a level appropriate to graduate students in experimental high energy physics. They are supposed to be familiar with quantum electrodynamics, the concept of Feynman rules, Feynman graphs and computation of the cross section in quantum field theory.