Hasil untuk "Geography. Anthropology. Recreation"

P. Horden, N. Purcell

Tumaini Nyamhanga, Veronica Masawe

Abstract Barriers to dog vaccination in Tanzania in general, and in Kilosa District in particular, are not well understood. Therefore, this study sought to address the following research question: What are the multilevel barriers to the vaccination of dogs against rabies in Kilosa District? Guided by a socioecological model, the study explored the barriers to dog vaccination at multiple levels within the Kilosa District context. A case study design employing a qualitative research approach was used. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews to investigate contextual barriers to dog vaccination. The collected data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The results are organized according to the levels of the socioecological model. At the individual level, barriers include limited literacy about rabies and dog rabies vaccination; low perceived risk of rabies transmission; low prioritization of dog vaccination in household financial decisions; and uncertainty regarding the cost of dog vaccination. At the organizational/health system level, barriers include fragmented provision of rabies-related health education, reactive rather than proactive sensitization efforts, and limited communication channels, primarily relying on loudspeaker announcements. At the community level, barriers include misconceptions about protection against rabies and mistrust in political leadership. In conclusion, Rabies vaccination uptake in Kilosa District is constrained by multilevel barriers. Individually, limited knowledge, low risk perception, and financial uncertainty reduce prioritization of dog vaccination. Organizational barriers include fragmented health education, weak cross-sector coordination, and reactive communication. At the community level, logistical challenges, absence of By-Laws, persistent misconceptions, and political mistrust further limit vaccination coverage.

Noor Abdul Qader Abdul Sattar

   يهدف البحث الحالي إلى دراسة دور تمارين الإطالة والتحفيز العضلي في تحسين وظائف أوتار الركبة لدى لاعبي كرة القدم، اعتمدت الباحثة في ذلك على المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة وذلك لملائمة مشكلة البحث، تكونت عينة البحث من لاعبي نادي المقدادية لكرة القدم للموسم الرياضي 2023 وعددهم 23 لاعبًا، وكانت اهم الاستنتاجات: ساهمت ممارسة تمارين الإطالة بانتظام في زيادة مدى حركة الركبة وتقليل خطر الإصابات، وأوصت الباحثة بإدراج تمارين الإطالة والتحفيز العضلي ضمن برامج التدريب الدوري للاعبي كرة القدم.

Kilinska Klavdiya, Bohdan Lashko

Purpose of the study: To characterize the tourism branding of the Kelmentsi District of the Chernivtsi Region. To analyze the main key components of recreational and tourism-oriented environmental management in the studied area. Methodology: The methodology is formed by applying general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis of information, statistical methods of analysis to reveal the structure of tourism branding. In order to provide a detailed presentation of recreational and tourism resources and to form tourism branding, the principle of spatial analysis and synthesis was used. Results: A constructive-geographical analysis of the recreational and tourism-oriented environmental management of the Kelmentsi District of the Chernivtsi Region was carried out, revealing the influence of objective factors on the formation of tourism branding, such as natural, historical and cultural, socio-economic, and environmental ones. A significant recreational and tourism potential of the Kelmentsi District is observed due to natural (the Dniester River valley), historical and cultural (archaeological, sacred), and infrastructural (private estates, recreation centers) resources and sites. It has been established that the most active types of tourism are educational, water-based, and speleological. The majority of tourists and recreationists actively use the riverside complexes, along which tourist routes have been developed. A number of tourism companies that serve both domestic and foreign tourists are developing and continue to operate, which allows for the coordination of efforts at the district and regional levels in recreational and tourism policy, contributing to the formation of a systematic information base for decision-making in the field of recreational and tourism-oriented environmental management of the Chernivtsi Region. Scientific novelty: The scientific novelty of the conducted research lies in the comprehensive analysis of natural, historical and cultural, and infrastructural recreational and tourism resources of the Kelmentsi District, and in outlining the key issues that form the tourism branding of the territory. The peripheral geographical location of the studied area, which significantly affects the active use of the territory in the recreational and tourism sphere of the region and Ukraine as a whole, is characterized. Practical significance: The practical significance of the conducted study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the recreational and tourism sector of the district and in the development of a set of recommendations that emphasize the importance and significance of recreational and tourism-oriented environmental management in the Kelmentsi District. Tourism branding, as a multifactorial component, significantly depends on the socio-economic, political, and religious situation and requires regulation based on the monitoring of recreational and tourism-oriented environmental management, which is a part of both the internal and international policy of Ukraine and the region under study.

Maximiliano Prada

A través de distintas formas de comprender la expresión “derecho a la filosofía”, Jacques Derrida, en el texto Privilegio o del Derecho a la Filosofía, abre perspectivas sobre la idea de la filosofía como derecho. A modo de ejercicio interpretativo, el presente trabajo busca profundizar sobre la idea misma de la filosofía como derecho desde la perspectiva de la enseñanza de la filosofía. Inicialmente, distingue entre la forma adverbial del término “derecho” y su forma sustantiva. Invirtiendo el centro de atención, consideramos también el enlace expresado como “filosofía del derecho” (filosofía genitiva). La forma adverbial y la forma sustantiva, a su turno, permiten identificar dos registros de la discusión: la crítica a las instituciones y la crítica a la filosofía como saber. Tras estas distinciones, el artículo se aproxima a las formas de positivización del derecho en instituciones educativas. Buscamos sostener que comprender la filosofía como derecho lleva a pensar de nuevo la enseñanza, ya no como proceso de instrucción inerte, sino como posibilidad del pensar filosófico. El escrito se acompaña de ejemplos sobre el caso colombiano, en donde, durante los años 2023 y 2024, se trabajó para que la filosofía fuera establecida como derecho en la legislación nacional.

M. Osorio, Cecilia Veracini

ABSTRACT Objectives This study reviews Mozambique's non‐human primate collection housed at the National Museum of Natural History and Science (MUHNAC) in Lisbon. The collection originates from the Zoological Missions of Mozambique (1948 and 1955) carried out under Portuguese colonial administration. The objectives of this work were to: i. reorganize the collection to facilitate future research; ii. compile data on the species represented, number of individuals, their sex, age, and geographic provenance; iii. document the historical and sociocultural context of the Zoological Missions with particular attention to the Gorongosa region. Material and Methods Methods Include: 1. Zoological Examination of Each Specimen (Taxonomic Identification and Updated Nomenclature); 2. Historical Research on the Collection (e.g., Collectors, Collection Sites, and Methodologies) Drawing on Materials From Historical Archive, Institute of Tropical Scientific Research, Zoology Centre Collection, University of Lisbon. Results A total of 34 individuals were identified (26 skulls and 30 skins), comprising 26 individuals from the family Galagidae ( Otolemur crassicaudatus, Paragalago granti, Galago moholi ) and 8 individuals from the family Cercopithecidae ( Chlorocebus pygerythrus, Cercopithecus mitis, Papio ursinus ). Among these, 13 individuals (eight O. crassicaudatus , one Paragalago granti , one C. pygerythrus and three P. ursinus ) originated from the historical Gorongosa region. Historical evidence indicates that Portuguese zoologists considered Gorongosa as a prime area for the establishment of a national park, speculating that it could also be used for breeding and domestication of large fauna. Discussion The review of Portugal's primate collections offers new opportunities to investigate primate taxa that still present taxonomic and evolutionary challenges. Understanding the historical and sociopolitical contexts in which these collections were assembled is essential for reinterpreting their scientific and cultural value within contemporary biological anthropology.

A. Salmin

This is the first time Professor Mokshin’s publications devoted to ethnic history of Chuvash people are analyzed. The article addresses various ethnonymic issues, historical and geographical works, as well as anthropological, archaeological, ethnographic and folkloric passages. The author of these lines recollects Nikolai Fyodorovich as an impetuous man, an uncompromising debater who knew how to raise a new point to clarify any dispute. Thus, so far, Academician M. N. Tikhomirov, member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, was considered to have put an end to the discussion about whether the ‘Veda’ ethnonym had been applied to the Chuvash. However, N. F. Mokshin noted that there was actually an uncertainty in M. N. Tikhomirov’s observation. When M. N. Tikhomirov spoke of the Chuvash, he meant the Cheremis, the Vedas, or the Burtas. Therefore, N. F. Mokshin provided a clearer historiography of the identity of “the Veda = the Chuvash”. He also undertook expeditions to Mordovia, Chuvashia and the Gorky Region to find out how the ethnonym ‘Veda’ was used by the Mordovians. At the same time, he was the first to show that Mordovian names and surnames were derived from the word ‘veda’. It is probably no coincidence that it is among the Mordovians that one can find people with Chuvashov surname. N. F. Mokshin also wrote about the affinity of the peoples of the Volga and Urals regions in terms of their traditional practices and beliefs, insisting that the Bulgars and Suvars were two different peoples, not one. He used numerous facts to show the process of the Kypchakization of the Tatars and, consequently, the Tatarization of the Chuvash. N. F. Mokshin’s works are distinguished by their topicality and novelty.

Casper Boongaling Agaton, Patricia Marie C. Guila

Constructed wetlands (CWs) are nature-based solutions that utilize natural vegetation, soils, and microbes to treat domestic wastewater and industrial effluents. They are engineered treatment systems that mimic the functions of natural wetlands to capture stormwater, reduce nutrient loads, and create diverse wildlife habitats. Providing these monetary and non-monetary benefits, its implementation has grown in several applications and geographical spread. Recent studies integrate the ecosystem services of CWs in project valuation, and the critical analysis of research hotspots has not been made yet. This study employs a systematic review to analyze the literature on ecosystem services provided by CWs and how they are incorporated into the valuation of CW projects. Among the ecosystem services that have been identified are provisioning (biomass and water supply), regulating (wastewater treatment and purification, climate regulation, flood prevention, and erosion control), cultural (recreation and aesthetic, biodiversity, education, and research), and supporting (habitat formation, nutrient cycling, and hydrological cycle). In terms of valuation methods and techniques, the results identified contingent valuation, shadow pricing, cost–benefit analysis, benefits transfer, habitat evaluation procedures, replacement cost, and travel cost. The analysis results provide researchers with a concrete basis for future studies and directions for further development. This also provides policymakers and CW project planners with valuable insights on various aspects of policy support for CW adoption and project valuation.

U. Beck, N. Sznaider

U. Yildirim

In light of long-term ethnographic fieldwork in the Diyarbakır Hewsel Gardens, a UNESCO Heritage Site located in Kurdistan in Turkey, this article proposes the concept of “resistant breathing” as a way to theorize ecology both as the outcome of genocidal devastation and as radical praxis in the context of climate change. Inspired by the gardens’ historical association with “lungs,” I construct an intersectional conceptual encounter between recent abolitionist and decolonial feminist works on respiration, the sentient turn in anthropology, and the anthropology of ruination in the Middle East. Here, breathing carries material pertinence as the physiological respirational capacity of both humans and nonhumans who coexist. But it also has rich philosophical implications for understanding how the materially and affectively organized life force of breath is violently traversed and interrupted and choked off by colonial occupation, racial capitalism, and genocide denialism, only to be resuscitated by slow and small-scale eco-initiatives on the edge of the gardens. By noticing small ecological sites of struggle that so often fall outside the purview of contemporary anthropological accounts on radical alterity together with human’s ecological cohabitants, “resistant breathing” offers an intersectional analysis of the geographical disavowal of racially marked ecologies with a perspective from the Middle East.

Badr AlKhamissi, Muhammad ElNokrashy, Mai AlKhamissi et al.

The intricate relationship between language and culture has long been a subject of exploration within the realm of linguistic anthropology. Large Language Models (LLMs), promoted as repositories of collective human knowledge, raise a pivotal question: do these models genuinely encapsulate the diverse knowledge adopted by different cultures? Our study reveals that these models demonstrate greater cultural alignment along two dimensions -- firstly, when prompted with the dominant language of a specific culture, and secondly, when pretrained with a refined mixture of languages employed by that culture. We quantify cultural alignment by simulating sociological surveys, comparing model responses to those of actual survey participants as references. Specifically, we replicate a survey conducted in various regions of Egypt and the United States through prompting LLMs with different pretraining data mixtures in both Arabic and English with the personas of the real respondents and the survey questions. Further analysis reveals that misalignment becomes more pronounced for underrepresented personas and for culturally sensitive topics, such as those probing social values. Finally, we introduce Anthropological Prompting, a novel method leveraging anthropological reasoning to enhance cultural alignment. Our study emphasizes the necessity for a more balanced multilingual pretraining dataset to better represent the diversity of human experience and the plurality of different cultures with many implications on the topic of cross-lingual transfer.

Shira Faigenbaum-Golovin, Ingrid Daubechies

We present results of a long-term team collaboration of mathematicians and biologists. We focus on building a mathematical framework for the shape space constituted by a collection of homologous bones or teeth from many species. The biological application is to quantitative morphological understanding of the evolutionary history of primates in particular, and mammals more generally. Similar to the practice of biologists, we leverage the power of the whole collection for results that are more robust than can be obtained by only pairwise comparisons, using tools from differential geometry and machine learning. This paper concentrates on the mathematical framework. We review methods for comparing anatomical surfaces, discuss the problem of registration and alignment, and address the computation of different distances. Next, we cover broader questions related to cross-dataset landmark selection, shape segmentation, and shape classification analysis. This paper summarizes the work of many team members other than the authors; in this paper that unites (for the first time) all their results in one joint context, space restrictions prevent a full description of the mathematical details, which are thoroughly covered in the original articles. Although our application is to the study of anatomical surfaces, we believe our approach has much wider applicability.

Caterina Conigliani, Martina Iorio, Salvatore Monni

According to the UN's Sustainable Development Agenda, to effectively achieve sustainable development, strategies for building economic growth should also address social needs, including access to essential services. Sustainable integrated management of water resources for both primary use and energy production is crucial, especially in territories such as the Amazonian State of Pará, where a primary good like fresh water is also the main source of electricity. However, the territorial transformations occurring in Pará over installing new hydroelectric plants have jeopardised local development. This was mainly caused by the top-down approach underlying national strategic projects that have paid little attention to local needs, thus paving the way for detrimental conditions for implementing the UN's 2030 Agenda. This paper aims to analyse the relationship between a municipality's level of development and quality of life and the most relevant key determinants of sustainable development in Pará. To this end, we consider a spatial regression analysis, with particular attention devoted to the role of access to both energy and water. The presence of significant spillover effects implies that providing public services on a geographically broad basis could induce self-reinforcing benefits.

Enrico Carmine Ciliberti, Marco Fiore, Marina Mongiello

Metaverse is an engaging way to recreate in a digital environment the real world. It allows people to connect not by just browsing a website, but by using headsets and virtual reality techniques. The metaverse is actually in a rapid development phase, thanks to the advances in different topics. This paper proposes a smart tourism platform in which tourists can interact with guides and different kinds of suppliers, without the need to phisically visit the city they are in. We propose some techniques to scan the real world and transpose it in a metaverse platform, using the recreation of an Italian city, Bari, as a real life scenario.

Kensuke Ohtake

This paper studies a mathematical model of city formation by migration of firms and workers. The Core-Periphery model in the new economic geography, which considers the single migration of workers driven by real wage inequality among regions, is extended to incorporate the migration of firms driven by real profit inequality among regions. In this dual migration model, it is found that the behavior of the solutions is qualitatively similar to that of solutions of the single migration model, which is frequently used in the new economic geography (NEG). That is, 1) spatially homogeneous distributions of firms and workers become destabilized and eventually form several cities where both firms and workers agglomerate; 2) The number of cities decreases as transport costs decrease. The results have provided a more general theoretical justification for the use of the single migration models in NEG.

R. Inanc Baykur, Mustafa Korkmaz

We construct symplectic surface bundles over surfaces with positive signatures for all but 18 possible pairs of fiber and base genera. Meanwhile, we determine the commutator lengths of a few new mapping classes.

Widyastuti Yohanna R., Mundayana Yuani, Kadarini Tutik et al.

Multi-species bacteria in biofloc fish farming systems are used as an effective way to decompose nitrogen waste. Snakehead (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) fish farmers require biofloc bacteria to improve growth performance. This research aims to easily evaluate the multi-species biofloc bacteria consisting of Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus sp., and Bacillus subtilis and their application on snakehead fish. The bacterial density tests on molasses mounting media in indoor and outdoor hatcheries were done. The research location was at the multi-species hatchery, aquaculture environment, and toxicology research installation. The experiment fish used was snakehead fish with a length ranging from 12-15 cm and a stocking density of 15 fish per container. The fish parameters measured were total length (cm) and average body weight (g). Water quality parameters: temperature, pH, DO, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia. The parameter measurement of bacteria was the growth number, and floc bacteria was measured on volume. An application test in a laboratory scale was done with probiotic stocking doses: A (2 mL L-1 probiotic), B (4 mL L-1 probiotic), C (6 mL L-1 probiotic), and D (control, 0 mL L-1 probiotic. The results show the best dose in applying snakehead fish culture with biofloc was 4 mL L-1.

Ruzmetov Baxtiyar, Ruzmetov Sherzod, Bakhtiyarov Shakhzod et al.

The article describes production opportunities based on diversification of industry in Khorezm region and ways to form “growth points” in economic sectors of the region. Taking these circumstances into account, “growth points” aimed at the development of industrial products in the Khorezm region were identified, and conclusions and proposals regarding the implementation of these measures were highlighted. In the first stage, the modernization and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities (Bagat Textile JV, Cotton Tex LLC, Kobo Tex LLC, Darital Tex LLC, Uztex Shovot JV and cotton ginning enterprises, Khazarasp branch of GM) are determined. The second stage (industrial) defines the implementation of promising republican and regional projects with the involvement of foreign capital, funds from enterprises and the population on the basis of deep processing of local raw materials and resources, the introduction of advanced domestic and world achievements in the field of engineering and technology, including nanotechnologies and nanoproducts. In the third stage (innovative) the introduction of advanced technologies for the production of goods with various functional properties (fire-resistant, bioactive, etc.), ensuring increased comfort and attractiveness of products, the formation of an innovative infrastructure based on close cooperation between business, entrepreneurship, universities, research institutes of the Khorezm region and Tashkent for the purpose of carrying out scientific, technical and innovative developments were identified.

Dianawati Meksy, Haryati Yati, Kusyaeri Hamdani Kiki

Many tubers are needed for the production of G0 potato seeds because potato seeds are sold in units of quantity. This research aimed to increase the number of tubers in G0 potato seed production. The study was conducted in a plastic house in Lembang, West Bandung, West Java from October 2017 to January 2018. The study used a randomized block design with six replications. The treatments tested were control (A), application of gibberellins (B), cutting of planlet cuttings followed by application of gibberellins (C), application of paclobutrazole (D), and application of paclobutrazole followed by gibberellins (E). Data were analyzed by F test and continued with orthogonal contrast, and correlation test at 95% confidence level and PCA biplot. The results showed that various introduced treatments failed in increasing the number of tuber total. However, the results of PCA biplot showed that C and D treatments were potential to be studied further by increasing the size of small tubers due to their greater number of tubers in total.

A. Bobbette