Hasil untuk "Economic theory. Demography"

B.S. Prashanth, Manoj Kumar, Ariful Hoque et al.

The development of online banking has brought about an increase in fraudulent operations, which is a major problem for banks. This study delves into the urgent requirement for interpretable, scalable, and top-notch fraud detection systems by using TabNet, an adaptable deep learning framework, on a Kaggle dataset consisting of actual bank transactions in India. Maximizing operational risk management by improving the accuracy of transaction anomaly detection and ensuring regulatory compliance through transparent models is the goal.We utilize a supervised learning pipeline that incorporates the Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique (SMOTE) to ensure that classes are balanced. Subsequently, we conduct thorough exploratory data analysis (EDA) to identify patterns of fraud, both during specific times and across behaviors. On this dataset, five different deep learning architectures are tested: DNN, GRU, LSTM, CNN1D, and TabNet. Assessment of predictive performance was carried out using a 3-fold cross-validation framework. With a ROC-AUC of 0.9739 and an accuracy of 97.39 %, TabNet considerably outperformed the competition. The method of sparse feature selection used improved interpretability, generalized better on tabular data, and produced fewer false positives and negatives.Critical insights for operational fraud detection systems and a contribution to the broader literature on explainable AI (XAI) in financial decision-making are offered by the findings. Goals 8 and 16 of the Sustainable Development Agenda are supported by this study, which promotes inclusive economic growth and institutional transparency. Supporting strong, policy-compliant, and interpretable decision-support systems, it also offers practical use for real-time implementation in banking infrastructure.

Юлія Терещенко

Стаття присвячена аналізу глобального та українського ринку розваг. Виокремлено ключові тренди, що впливають на розвиток бізнес-екосистем індустрії розваг. Підкреслено важливість інновацій, адаптивності та інтеграції цифрових рішень у функціонуванні сучасних бізнес-екосистем. Досліджено архітектоніку екосистемної бізнес-моделі в індустрії розваг з урахуванням динаміки цифрової трансформації. Запропоновано багаторівневу бізнес-модель з урахуванням соціально-технічної архітектури, що відображає взаємозв’язки між акторами ринку, технологічною базою та механізмами створення цінності. Отримані результати дозволяють сформувати інструментарій системного оцінювання екосистемних бізнес-моделей в умовах цифрової економіки та швидкоплинних ринкових змін. Запропонований підхід має практичну цінність для компаній, що прагнуть до сталого розвитку та підвищення конкурентоспроможності в індустрії розваг.

Nina Gera

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Ruslana I. Zhovnovach, Valentina A. Pavlova, Kostiantyn S. Zhadko et al.

The article is devoted to solving the problem of improving the efficiency of the adaptive management system of an agricultural enterprise on the basis of controlling. The necessity of introducing a management system aimed at ensuring a phased management of enterprise processes, taking into account the specifics of functioning with a high level of efficiency, flexibility and efficiency, has been substantiated. A retrospective analysis of the formation and development of the control system in industrialized countries has bee carried out. The results of the analysis made it possible to highlight the main concepts of controlling in accordance with their orientation. The peculiarities of the organization of the controlling system at agricultural enterprises of Ukraine in the conditions of seasonal market fluctuations have beenare determined. Growing crops, unlike the production of products in other industries, has such a feature as seasonality. The seasonal nature of production of agricultural enterprises determines the parameters of the activities of industries that produce and maintain agricultural products, harvest, preserve, process and sell agricultural products. Seasonal fluctuations have a direct impact on the intensity of the use of financial, material and technical, labor, energy and other types of resources of agricultural enterprises in certain periods of time during the calendar year. Thus, they impede the effective planning of the financial and economic activities of agricultural enterprises. This requires the improvement of the management system of an agricultural enterprise based on controlling to balance financial flows between all links of the agroindustrial complex. A mathematical model describing time parameters has been presented. Within the framework of the presented model, controlling actions aimed at ensuring the basic conditions for the functioning of an agricultural enterprise and preventing the phenomenon of shortage of funds during the “low” market period have been proposed. The basis for the construction of the model is the structure and objective proportions that determine the ratio between monetary funds and flows of funds of the enterprise of certain periods of its production and sales activities in the short term. The model allows timely detection of problems and making appropriate corrections in management decisions in order to minimize the destabilizing influence of environmental factors and eliminate unwanted deviations. Controlling actions are formed in the form of reports for the purpose of further use in the process of implementing the developed business processes.

V. P. Zavarukhin, L. P. Kleeva

The article relates to the formation of an original approach to the creation of a monitoring system for the scientific and technological sphere based on expert methods and ranking. The relevance of the topic is confirmed by the formation in the Russian Federation of a number of local monitoring subsystems that are difficult to connect with each other and do not provide in the aggregate the completeness of coverage of the scope of scientific research, development and technological work. The core element of this approach is the creation of a subsystem for monitoring scientific and technological results, evaluated by experts and organizations – recognized authorities in this field of science. The work of all other subsystems associated with the actors of scientific and technological activities, researchers, including experts, branches of science, regions of its placement, scientific journals, etc. is based on data samples presented in the central subsystem of positively evaluated scientific and technological results. The article also shows that such a system can provide not only the comparability of data from all subsystems of the R&D monitoring system, but also its completeness, transparency and resistance to voluntary and involuntary distortions. The proposed approach makes it possible to systematize attempts to digitalize the R&D sphere to ensure its full monitoring, as well as to increase the efficiency of each of its components.

Ansgar Hudde, Henriette Engelhardt

<b>Objective</b>: A comprehensive and thorough investigation of the key trends in family patterns in Western Germany. <b>Methods</b>: Descriptive analyses of educational differences in marital status, cohabitation, partnerlessness, and children in the household in Western Germany from 1976 to 2019. We analyze unique data from the German Microcensus with information from more than 1.7 million individuals. <b>Results</b>: In the 1970s, men with higher education were moderately more likely to live with a partner and be married, and less likely to be divorced. The reverse was mainly the case for women. Over time, higher education levels for men and women became increasingly associated with living with a partner, being married, and living with children; lower levels of education became increasingly associated with divorce, partnerlessness, and single parenthood. Today, men with lower levels of education are least likely to live with a partner, be married, or have children in the household. Women with lower education levels are most likely to be single parents. <b>Conclusions</b>: Education is turning more and more into a generalized life resource: those with higher education are not only the winners in the labor market but are also increasingly more likely to achieve those partnership and family outcomes to which the majority of young people aspire - a stable partnership and children. <b>Contribution</b>: This 'big picture' analysis deepens our understanding of changes in family-related social inequalities in Germany. Analyses based on high-quality data have not been available for Germany and can serve as bases for future research at the granular level.

Assistant Prof. Dr. Hatem Ali Abdullah, Assistant teacher. Jihad Hamed Ali, Assistant teacher. Ahmed Talal Khalaf

تناول البحث بالتحليل مقترحا لبناء نموذجا لاستراتيجيات إدارة المعرفة في التعليم العالي الأهلي، واختيرت مجموعة من الكليات الاهلية العراقية (كلية دجلة الجامعة، وكلية الاسراء الجامعة، وجامعة الكتاب) معتمدا على الفلسفة الوضعية لاشتقاق فرضياته والمدخل الاستنباطي لاختبارها، تمثل مجتمع البحث بـ(1110) مفردة موزعة بواقع( 263، 590، 257) على التوالي للكليات الثلاث، واختيرت عينة غير عشوائية (قصدية) قوامها(258) مفردة بطريقة هيربرت اركن لتمثل المجتمع تمثيلا صحيحا، واستخدم التحليل العاملي الاستكشافي لاختبار فرضية البحث الرئيسة. توصل البحث الى توافر ثلاث استراتيجيات لإدارة المعرفة (استراتيجية البقاء، استراتيجية التقدم، استراتيجية الابتكار) في الكليات المبحوثة وان هذه الاستراتيجيات قد فسرت 50% من التباين الكلي، ما يعني ان هنالك استراتيجيات أخرى لم يجري البحث فيها او قد تعود الى عوامل أخرى لم تدخل في النموذج، وان استراتيجية البقاء قد استحوذت الأهمية من بين الاستراتيجيات الأخرى، وقد يعود ذلك الى طبيعة البيئة العراقية ومحاكاة الكليات الاهلية للجامعات الحكومية، وبناءا على ذلك أوصى البحث بضرورة إعطاء الكليات الحرية من قبل الوزارة في اختيار توجهاتها ونماذج اعمالها وعدم لجوئها الى التقليد والمحاكاة للجامعات الحكومية، فضلا عن الاهتمام بالتطوير والابتكار من خلال التعاقد مع الجامعات الأجنبية وتحقيق التوأمة.

Natalia Valentinovna Lomakina

The authors studied the actual policies and emerging effects of state incentivizing of investment activity instruments under the ‘new model’ of development for the Far East of Russia. There were shown the specifics of localizing investments in the resource region in shape of preferential regimes of Territories of Advanced Social and Economic Development (TAD or ASEZ Advanced Special Economic Zones) and also extraterritorial preferences as direct subsidies from the federal budget to infrastructure projects of strategically important investment projects and regional investment projects. The effects of these instruments employed in the Far Eastern Federal District in 2014–2020 demonstrate that the package of state measures formed for attracting investments and its separate elements (royalty benefits, the criterion of maximum attraction of private investments for every rouble of budget ones, etc.) have promoted investments mainly in extraction of minerals in the total surveyed range of support instruments. The outcome of these preferences was further growth of resource-based industries in the Far East economy structure (which to a certain extent predetermines the perspective economy structure of the macro region). The analysis of the rate of accumulation (a share of investments in the regional Gross Domestic Product) as a factor of economic growth showed that the majority of Far Eastern regions (except the mono-mineral Sakhalinskaya and Magadanskaya oblasts and the Chukotsky Autonomous Okrug) do not reassert the role of resource-based industries as key drivers for their economic growth which would have justified state incentives for extraction of mineral resources in particular. Certain modifications have been revealed in the very instruments of state incentives under the ‘new model’ of development in the Far East of Russia among which is a blurring of border lines between preferential territories to legitimize incentivizing of mineral companies; a changed (reduced) role of regional authorities in implementation of different instruments; forming ‘multi-layer’ preferences in the interest of mineral companies. It was demonstrated that in the surveyed contour of key actors interacting in the process of implementing different instruments of a ‘new model’ for development of the Far East of Russia (federal and regional administration, businesses) with greater vividness comes to the fore a tendency for shaping key outcomes of preferences in mineral companies

Olha Garan, Valeriі Stukalenko

Introdaction. The article uncovers the state of the institute of administrative liability in the field of urban planning considering current situation. The attention is focused on the main directions of transformation of development of administrative liability, the problems are described and the ways of their solution are proposed. In connection with the implementation of various reforms, the existing urban construction relationships has radically changed and the new ones has emerged in the society, which are characterized by a tendency of growth. Therefore, considering new conditions and requirements, these relations require the introduction of new effective administrative and legal regulation. One of the important tools of this regulation is administrative liability in the field of urban planning, which helps to ensure compliance with the norms provided by law, state standards, construction codes, and rules. The perspective directions of the evolution of the institute of administrative liability are the improvement of the system of administrative penalties by expanding their number and size and improving the system of subjects of responsibility. Purpose and tasks. The purpose of the work is to determine the current state of scientific understanding of administrative liability in the field of urban planning on the basis of the analysis of theoretical foundations, regulatory system and practice, as well as to focus on the actual issues of its application in practice. Results. It is proven that the institute of administrative liability in the field of urban planning undergoes transformation, but the scientific understanding of this process is not at the proper level. Conclusions. In general, the institution of administrative liability in the field of urban planning requires substantial modernization, but not at the expense of making changes and additions to the current legislation, but on the basis of the creation of a new doctrine of understanding of administrative liability combined with the application of a systematic approach.  All of the above will provide an opportunity for the creation of effective mechanisms for applying the institute of administrative liability in practice.

Simone Wajnman

Roikhan Roikhan

The purpose of this study is to analyze the efficiency of Islamic Pawnshop together with four competitors and analyze the prospects for assets growth of the Islamic pawnshop in Indonesia. This study is quantitative analyze research with secondary data of annual financial statements from the Islamic Pawnshop and four competitors during 2008-2014. The sampling technique is the purposive sampling with sample of the Islamic Pawnshop and four competitors in Indonesia. This study uses analysis efficiency of the Data Envelopment Analysis method. Input variables are: the load bonus, deposit wadiah, general and administrative expenses, salaries and allowances, and other expenses, and the output variables are: murabaha margin revenue, other services revenues, and loan qardh. Then this study uses analyze prospects based on System Dynamics methods. The results showed efficiency of Islamic Pawnshop can reach value of 100 percent for 2008-2014 compared to its competitors that reach only 97.42 percent. And the prospect of an asset for Islamic Pawnshop can get optimistically in 2025 to reach Rp 116 trillion in the presence of inorganic action.

Amanbekov G.M. Nurgazina A.M.

В стaтье рaссмaтривaются содержaние понятий «пенсионное обеспечение» и «пенсионнaя системa», этaпы стaновления пенсионного обеспечения в мировом мaсштaбе, дифференциaция которых позволяет выделить основные хaрaктеристики кaждого из них: стaновление нaционaльных пенсионных систем, рaсширение охвaтa нaселения пенсионным обеспечением и изменение пaрaдигмы пенсионного обеспечения. Тaкже в стaтье aнaлизируются модели пенсионного обеспечения, предстaвленные кaк схемы с устaновленными выплaтaми и кaк схемы с устaновленными взносaми, дaнa их клaссификaция в зaвисимости от способa упрaвления и по способу учaстия. Рaссмотрены основные институты пенсионного обеспечения, комбинaция которых послужилa основой для построения современных систем пенсионного обеспечения в рaзных стрaнaх мирa. Особое внимaние уделяется дифференциaции понятий «пенсионное обеспечение» и «пенсионнaя системa».

Vasiliy Vladimirovich Tyutyunik

The article deals with such basic definitions as food security, food independence and food self- sufficiency of the region. The author shows the ambiguity problem of interpretations of these terms in the Russian legislation, which is especially evident in the transition from the national to the regional level. Using the example of legislative acts of some of the Russian Federation’s subjects the study demonstrates the incorrect use of mentioned terms. In author’s opinion, regional authorities in the Russian Federation must introduce amendments to the legislative documents concerning food security. To be more concrete, the regional authorities should either deny the goal of food independence for a particular region, or specify that the goal of reaching food independence for the region does not mean food self-sufficiency, but just import substitution on the regional level

A B Temirova, A Sh Abdimomynova

In the context of the regionalization of the economy and globalization of world markets of goods and services the regions act as independent subjects of competition. In the market conditions regions competing with each other for investment resources (public, private and foreign), attracting businesses, taxpayers, as well as all sources of resources and markets. In article basic indicators of social and economic development of regions of Kazakhstan are analyzed, methodological approaches to measurement of regional competitiveness by calculation of traditional indicators and integrated indicators are systematized. Negative consequences of the advancing development of raw sector which are reduced to the following are revealed: social and economic differentiation of regions increases; there is an exhaustion of a source of raw materials.The advancing development of raw sector leads to emergence of the problem non-oil regions which are characterized by rather low level of the real monetary income of the population, low budgetary supply at the expense of own sources of the income.

Efriyani Sumastuti

In Indonesia, the climate change and the global warming like changes in the pattern and distribution of the rainfall give impacts on agricultural production at large, especially in the food crops. These also cause droughts, floods, landslides, forest fires, rising temperatures in urban areas, and rising sea levels. The above impacts are felt by the farmers because those can lead to a decrease in production even the crop failure. This research aims to develop an empowerment strategy of the food crop farmers in anticipating the climate change in Central Java. The data used is the primary data obtained through in-depth interviews with key-person and the Focus Group Discussion (FGD). The Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) is conducted to determine the program priorities and strate gies. The result of research shows that anticipating the climate change should be synergistically conducted in four aspects: human resources, technology, institutional and production, by involving various groups in the society. Various groups can be grouped into academics, businessmen / private sectors, government and community of food crop farmers / society.

Ariane Firmeza Mota, Antônio Carlos Dias Coelho, Allan Pinheiro Holanda

Investigou-se se empresas listadas no mercado de capitais do Brasil, em amostra de 476 empresas noperíodo de 2000 a 2012, financiam através de endividamento seus déficits financeiros. Inova-se naestimação do déficit financeiro a partir dos modelos desenvolvidos por Shyam-Sunder e Myers (1999)e Frank e Goyal (2003). A relação déficit financeiro e variação do endividamento foi testada por meiode estimação utilizando dados em painel com hipótese que propugna a preponderância,estatisticamente significante, de financiamento do déficit financeiro por endividamento. Os resultadosapontaram a rejeição da hipótese, de vez que os coeficientes situaram-se em torno de 26%, indicandoque, em média, apenas esta parcela do déficit financeiro é financiada por dívida; já controladasmudanças temporais e setoriais. Infere-se que a seleção da estrutura de capital pelos gestores dasempresas da amostra não é feita preferencialmente como indicado pela teoria de minimização decustos de assimetria informacional.

Alexander Nikolaevich Demyanenko, Vadim Nikolaevich Ukrainsky

L. Shirinyan

Author made critical review of researches and found out the existance of the problem of determination and differentiation in a scientific literature the concepts “financial regulation of the insurance market”, “government financial regulation of the insurance market” and “government regulation of the insurance market”. It is offered the consideration of the insurance market from positions of analysis of the complex systems as being the component part of the greater system. It is disclosured the economic nature and determined the mentioned notions.

Roberta Muramatsu

One of the merits of contemporary economic analysis is its capacity to offer accounts of choice behavior that dispense with details of the complex decision machinery. The starting point of this paper is the concern with the important methodological debate about whether economics might offer accurate predictions and explanations of actual behavior without any reference to psychological presuppositions. Inspired by an exercise of rational reconstruction of ideas, I aim to offer an interpretation of the process of freeing economic analysis from psychology at the end of the 19th century and the contemporary resurrection of behavioral approaches in the late 1980s.