Hasil untuk "Anthropology"

Tumaini Nyamhanga, Veronica Masawe

Abstract Barriers to dog vaccination in Tanzania in general, and in Kilosa District in particular, are not well understood. Therefore, this study sought to address the following research question: What are the multilevel barriers to the vaccination of dogs against rabies in Kilosa District? Guided by a socioecological model, the study explored the barriers to dog vaccination at multiple levels within the Kilosa District context. A case study design employing a qualitative research approach was used. Data were collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and in-depth interviews to investigate contextual barriers to dog vaccination. The collected data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The results are organized according to the levels of the socioecological model. At the individual level, barriers include limited literacy about rabies and dog rabies vaccination; low perceived risk of rabies transmission; low prioritization of dog vaccination in household financial decisions; and uncertainty regarding the cost of dog vaccination. At the organizational/health system level, barriers include fragmented provision of rabies-related health education, reactive rather than proactive sensitization efforts, and limited communication channels, primarily relying on loudspeaker announcements. At the community level, barriers include misconceptions about protection against rabies and mistrust in political leadership. In conclusion, Rabies vaccination uptake in Kilosa District is constrained by multilevel barriers. Individually, limited knowledge, low risk perception, and financial uncertainty reduce prioritization of dog vaccination. Organizational barriers include fragmented health education, weak cross-sector coordination, and reactive communication. At the community level, logistical challenges, absence of By-Laws, persistent misconceptions, and political mistrust further limit vaccination coverage.

Noor Abdul Qader Abdul Sattar

   يهدف البحث الحالي إلى دراسة دور تمارين الإطالة والتحفيز العضلي في تحسين وظائف أوتار الركبة لدى لاعبي كرة القدم، اعتمدت الباحثة في ذلك على المنهج التجريبي بتصميم المجموعة الواحدة وذلك لملائمة مشكلة البحث، تكونت عينة البحث من لاعبي نادي المقدادية لكرة القدم للموسم الرياضي 2023 وعددهم 23 لاعبًا، وكانت اهم الاستنتاجات: ساهمت ممارسة تمارين الإطالة بانتظام في زيادة مدى حركة الركبة وتقليل خطر الإصابات، وأوصت الباحثة بإدراج تمارين الإطالة والتحفيز العضلي ضمن برامج التدريب الدوري للاعبي كرة القدم.

Hasanah Hasanah, Wulandari wulandari, Afriani afriani et al.

Porphyridium cruentum has advantages in pigments and exopolysaccharides, so it has the potential to be developed in the food, pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. Porphyridium cruentum cultivation media uses synthetic and indoors, causing high costs. This study aims to determine the growth performance of Porphyridium cruentum in different mediums and method of cultivation. The research methods used cultivating Porphyridium cruentum for 7 days with four treatments, namely indoors Guillard media (IGM), outdoors Guillard media (OGM), indoors fertilizer media (IFM), and outdoors fertilizer media (OFM. Each treatment had three replications. Growth was identified using an optical density spectrophotometer uv-vis, gravimetrically dried weight of biomass and pH adjustment during 7 days of cultivation. The result shows the best growth performance in IFM, followed by IGM, OFM, and OGM. Fertilizer media is better for the growth of Porphyridium cruentum than Guillard media. pH growth Porphyridium cruentum during cultivation 7-7.5. Indoor cultivation is better than outdoor cultivation. The highest biomass was IFM, which had the best performance in IFM with OD 0.247, pH 7, and biomass 79.6%.

Maximiliano Prada

A través de distintas formas de comprender la expresión “derecho a la filosofía”, Jacques Derrida, en el texto Privilegio o del Derecho a la Filosofía, abre perspectivas sobre la idea de la filosofía como derecho. A modo de ejercicio interpretativo, el presente trabajo busca profundizar sobre la idea misma de la filosofía como derecho desde la perspectiva de la enseñanza de la filosofía. Inicialmente, distingue entre la forma adverbial del término “derecho” y su forma sustantiva. Invirtiendo el centro de atención, consideramos también el enlace expresado como “filosofía del derecho” (filosofía genitiva). La forma adverbial y la forma sustantiva, a su turno, permiten identificar dos registros de la discusión: la crítica a las instituciones y la crítica a la filosofía como saber. Tras estas distinciones, el artículo se aproxima a las formas de positivización del derecho en instituciones educativas. Buscamos sostener que comprender la filosofía como derecho lleva a pensar de nuevo la enseñanza, ya no como proceso de instrucción inerte, sino como posibilidad del pensar filosófico. El escrito se acompaña de ejemplos sobre el caso colombiano, en donde, durante los años 2023 y 2024, se trabajó para que la filosofía fuera establecida como derecho en la legislación nacional.

Hassan Haji Amiri, Arash Seghfi Asl, Mehdi Ashjaie

The question of resource constraints is an issue for all industrialized, developed and developing countries. Therefore, saving on fossil energy consumption and sustainable development have become very important and common issues internationally. So as to conserve energy resources, prevent contamination of the land and the environment, reduce fossil energy use and co-exist with natural and state-of-the-art environments, one of the most important measures in architecture and urban planning, and the architects and urban planners have to adhere to the principles and rules. Special in the field of construction. Over the years, various guidelines, standards, and standards have been developed to optimize energy consumption in buildings, including the most noteworthy metrics today (LEED). The purpose of the present study is to identify the causal pattern of environmental sustainability principles based on the Leid's Code. The present study is of applied purpose and of descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of this study consisted of Qom architects and experts. The sample size was 25 individuals. In order to achieve the purpose of the study, fuzzy DEMATEL model was used. The results of this study showed that amongst the biodiversity sustainability criteria based on the Leading Model of the Sustainable Site Criterion was identified as the most influential criterion and the Regional Priority and Innovation Criteria in the design as the most influential criterion. Energy, climate and water efficiency and indoor air quality of materials and materials were also identified as intermediate criteria.

Caterina Conigliani, Martina Iorio, Salvatore Monni

According to the UN's Sustainable Development Agenda, to effectively achieve sustainable development, strategies for building economic growth should also address social needs, including access to essential services. Sustainable integrated management of water resources for both primary use and energy production is crucial, especially in territories such as the Amazonian State of Pará, where a primary good like fresh water is also the main source of electricity. However, the territorial transformations occurring in Pará over installing new hydroelectric plants have jeopardised local development. This was mainly caused by the top-down approach underlying national strategic projects that have paid little attention to local needs, thus paving the way for detrimental conditions for implementing the UN's 2030 Agenda. This paper aims to analyse the relationship between a municipality's level of development and quality of life and the most relevant key determinants of sustainable development in Pará. To this end, we consider a spatial regression analysis, with particular attention devoted to the role of access to both energy and water. The presence of significant spillover effects implies that providing public services on a geographically broad basis could induce self-reinforcing benefits.

Michalina Gruszczyńska, Adam Jarzemski, Agnieszka Kolossa et al.

Introduction and objective: Treatment with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is frequently used all around the world. Just like in the course of all the drugs administration, side effects may appear, including characteristic side effects presenting on the skin. The aim of the study was to analyse adverse skin reactions to antiepileptic drugs, focusing on their epidemiology, symptoms and treatment. Methods: Databases including PubMed and Google Scholar were browsed using keywords. Description of the state of knowledge: The majority of adverse skin reactions (ASRs) constitute mild rashes and urticaria, however in about 10% cases severe reactions may occur, which can be life-threatening. They include Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS), Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS), Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN), Serum Sickness and Serum Sickness - like Reactions and Drug Induced Vasculitis. In the course of TEN mortality rates are highest, however all reactions can be dangerous and treatment should be applied immediately. In mild and moderate cases drug withdrawal is usually sufficient, however more severe cases need to be treated with immunosuppressive agents. Summary: The awareness about possible adverse effects and their treatment is crucial as some can be life-threatening and immediate therapy increases the chance of recovery.

Widyastuti Yohanna R., Mundayana Yuani, Kadarini Tutik et al.

Multi-species bacteria in biofloc fish farming systems are used as an effective way to decompose nitrogen waste. Snakehead (Channa striata Bloch, 1793) fish farmers require biofloc bacteria to improve growth performance. This research aims to easily evaluate the multi-species biofloc bacteria consisting of Lysinibacillus fusiformis, Bacillus sp., and Bacillus subtilis and their application on snakehead fish. The bacterial density tests on molasses mounting media in indoor and outdoor hatcheries were done. The research location was at the multi-species hatchery, aquaculture environment, and toxicology research installation. The experiment fish used was snakehead fish with a length ranging from 12-15 cm and a stocking density of 15 fish per container. The fish parameters measured were total length (cm) and average body weight (g). Water quality parameters: temperature, pH, DO, nitrite, nitrate, and ammonia. The parameter measurement of bacteria was the growth number, and floc bacteria was measured on volume. An application test in a laboratory scale was done with probiotic stocking doses: A (2 mL L-1 probiotic), B (4 mL L-1 probiotic), C (6 mL L-1 probiotic), and D (control, 0 mL L-1 probiotic. The results show the best dose in applying snakehead fish culture with biofloc was 4 mL L-1.

Ruzmetov Baxtiyar, Ruzmetov Sherzod, Bakhtiyarov Shakhzod et al.

The article describes production opportunities based on diversification of industry in Khorezm region and ways to form “growth points” in economic sectors of the region. Taking these circumstances into account, “growth points” aimed at the development of industrial products in the Khorezm region were identified, and conclusions and proposals regarding the implementation of these measures were highlighted. In the first stage, the modernization and technical re-equipment of existing production facilities (Bagat Textile JV, Cotton Tex LLC, Kobo Tex LLC, Darital Tex LLC, Uztex Shovot JV and cotton ginning enterprises, Khazarasp branch of GM) are determined. The second stage (industrial) defines the implementation of promising republican and regional projects with the involvement of foreign capital, funds from enterprises and the population on the basis of deep processing of local raw materials and resources, the introduction of advanced domestic and world achievements in the field of engineering and technology, including nanotechnologies and nanoproducts. In the third stage (innovative) the introduction of advanced technologies for the production of goods with various functional properties (fire-resistant, bioactive, etc.), ensuring increased comfort and attractiveness of products, the formation of an innovative infrastructure based on close cooperation between business, entrepreneurship, universities, research institutes of the Khorezm region and Tashkent for the purpose of carrying out scientific, technical and innovative developments were identified.

John T. Van Stan, Anna Klamerus-Iwan, Salli F. Dymond

Tao Song, Jiarong Wang, Danya Xu et al.

Physical oceanography models rely heavily on grid discretization. It is known that unstructured grids perform well in dealing with boundary fitting problems in complex nearshore regions. However, it is time-consuming to find a set of unstructured grids in specific ocean areas, particularly in the case of land areas that are frequently changed by human construction. In this work, an attempt was made to use machine learning for the optimization of the unstructured triangular meshes formed with Delaunay triangulation in the global ocean field, so that the triangles in the triangular mesh were closer to equilateral triangles, the long, narrow triangles in the triangular mesh were reduced, and the mesh quality was improved. Specifically, we used Delaunay triangulation to generate the unstructured grid, and then developed a K-means clustering-based algorithm to optimize the unstructured grid. With the proposed method, unstructured meshes were generated and optimized for global oceans, small sea areas, and the South China Sea estuary to carry out data experiments. The results suggested that the proportion of triangles with a triangle shape factor greater than 0.7 amounted to 77.80%, 79.78%, and 79.78%, respectively, in the unstructured mesh. Meanwhile, the proportion of long, narrow triangles in the unstructured mesh was decreased to 8.99%, 3.46%, and 4.12%, respectively.

Budimansyah Budimansyah, Nina Herlina Lubis, Miftahul Falah

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguak tata ruang Galuh Pakwan sebagai ibukota terakhir Kerajaan Galuh, sejauhmana pola ruang kota tersebut berkaitan dengan nilai-nilai kelokalan sebagaimana tergambar dalam historiografi tradisional. Dalam penelitian ini metode sejarah akan dipergunakan sebagai fitur utama agar menghasilkan suatu hasil kajian yang komprehensif, dan menggunakan teori tata kota, serta metode deskriptif-kualitatif. Minimnya sumber terkait sejarah Galuh Pakwan, wawancara secara mendalam kepada para narasumber diharapkan bisa menjadi suatu bahan analisis historis. Berdasarkan fakta di lapangan, Galuh Pakwan sebagai ibukota kerajaan berawal dari sebuah kabuyutan. Pada masa pemerintahan Niskalawastu Kancana, kabuyutan tersebut dijadikan pusat politik dengan tetap menjalankan fungsi kabuyutannya. Seiring waktu, Galuh Pakwan menjelma menjadi sebuah kota yang tata ruangnya menunjukkan representasi dan implementasi konsep kosmologi Sunda. Galuh Pakwan terbentuk oleh pola radial-konsentris menerus, sebagai gambaran kosmologi Sunda sebagaimana terungkap dalam naskah-naksah Sunda kuna. The research is not only aimed at uncovering the spatial layout of Galuh Pakwan as the last capital of Galuh Kingdom, but also at exploring how well the relationship between the urban spatial patterns and the local values as depicted in the traditional historiography. Beside having the historical methods as the main feature to produce a comprehensive study result, the study also uses the urban planning theory, as well as the descriptive qualitative methods. The historical sources related to the history of the Galuh Pakuan are very limited. As a result, the in-depth interviews with the resource persons are expected to be appropriate as the observation material for historical analysis. Based on the facts found in the field, the Galuh Pakwan as the capital of the kingdom originated from a Kabuyutan. During the reign of Niskalawastu Kancana, Kabuyutan served as a political center while maintaining its original function as Kabuyutan. As the time passed, the Galuh Pakwan was transformed into a city whose spatial layout represented and implemented the Sundanese cosmological concept. The Galuh Pakwan was formed by a continuous radial-concentric pattern, as a description of Sundanese cosmology in the ancient Sundanese manuscript.

Aline dos Santos Lima

O processo histórico de formação do território brasileiro ensejou a coexistência de grupos sociais que se reproduzem numa relação desigual na qual a riqueza é concentrada entre poucos e a pobreza compartilhada por muitos, especialmente no campo. Essa relação desigual tem promovido disputas por modelos distintos de sociedade, além do uso da violência que se manifesta na exclusão e expropriação, não somente do acesso à terra, mas também do acesso ao conhecimento e a possibilidade de desenvolvimento pleno do modo de vida. Esse histórico de violência tem adquirido um tom diferente, especialmente quando frações do capital vem assumindo formas cada vez mais elaboradas para subordinar o trabalhador do campo ao dificultar a luta pela/na terra. Desse modo, o objetivo desse trabalho é analisar como a Organização Odebrecht vem recriando os mecanismos de subordinação no campo a partir da junção entre as dimensões do educar e do trabalhar. Para tanto, a holding Odebrecht S.A. difundiu um modelo de educação pelo trabalho a partir da criação de cinco projetos educacionais e de geração de trabalho e renda que agregam a escolarização e o trabalho como pilares.

Tim Gustafson

Artist's Statement for the cover art of IJPS volume 5, issue 2: Watershed, 2018. Music video.

Alicia Lindón

Novedades Editoriales 81

Editores de albuquerque: revista de história

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Monika Milosavljević

Review of the book: Isaija Berlin, 2012. Koreni romantizma, Melonova predavanja u Nacionalnoj umetničkoj galeriji, 1965. Vašington, DS (urednik britanskog izdanja: Henri Hardi; preveo sa engleskog: Branimir Gligorić; stihove prevela: Nataša Tučev). Službeni glasnik: Beograd, 183 str.

Ramez Philippe Maalouf

Resenha do livro Atlas du Liban: territoires et société, sob a direção de Éric Verdeil, Ghaleb Faour e Sébastien Velut, editado por iniciativa franco-libanesa do IFPO (Institut Français du Proche-Orient) e pelo CNRS Liban (Conseil National de la Recherche Scientifique – Liban), Beirute, 2007.

M. P. Mittermaier

A simple measure of the uncertainty associated with using radar-derived rainfall estimates as "truth" has been introduced to the Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) verification process to assess the effect on forecast skill and errors. Deterministic precipitation forecasts from the mesoscale version of the UK Met Office Unified Model for a two-day high-impact event and for a month were verified at the daily and six-hourly time scale using a spatially-based intensity-scale method and various traditional skill scores such as the Equitable Threat Score (ETS) and log-odds ratio. Radar-rainfall accumulations from the UK Nimrod radar-composite were used. <br><br> The results show that the inclusion of uncertainty has some effect, shifting the forecast errors and skill. The study also allowed for the comparison of results from the intensity-scale method and traditional skill scores. It showed that the two methods complement each other, one detailing the scale and rainfall accumulation thresholds where the errors occur, the other showing how skillful the forecast is. It was also found that for the six-hourly forecasts the error distributions remain similar with forecast lead time but skill decreases. This highlights the difference between forecast error and forecast skill, and that they are not necessarily the same.

J. Loman

Predation on large woody plant seeds; chestnuts, acorns and sloe kernels, was studied in deciduous forests of two size classes: small woodlots (<1 ha) and large woods (at least 25 ha) in southern Sweden. Seeds used for the study were artificially distributed on the forest ground and seed predation measured as seed removal. Predation rate was similar in both types of woods. However, rodent density was higher in small woodlots and a correction for differences in rodent density showed that predation rate per individual rodent was higher in the large woods. This suggests that the small woodlots (including the border zone) and their adjacent fields have more rodent food per area unit. A small woodlot cannot be considered a representative sample of a large continuous forest, even if the habitats appear similar. There was a strong effect of rodent density on seed predation rate. This suggests that rodents are major seed predators in this habitat.