Hasil untuk "Aesthetics"

Xiaojie Guo, Yu Li, Haibin Ling

When one captures images in low-light conditions, the images often suffer from low visibility. Besides degrading the visual aesthetics of images, this poor quality may also significantly degenerate the performance of many computer vision and multimedia algorithms that are primarily designed for high-quality inputs. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective low-light image enhancement (LIME) method. More concretely, the illumination of each pixel is first estimated individually by finding the maximum value in R, G, and B channels. Furthermore, we refine the initial illumination map by imposing a structure prior on it, as the final illumination map. Having the well-constructed illumination map, the enhancement can be achieved accordingly. Experiments on a number of challenging low-light images are present to reveal the efficacy of our LIME and show its superiority over several state-of-the-arts in terms of enhancement quality and efficiency.

M. Ashby, D. Cebon

L. Althusser, Benjamin Brewster

Manuel Jung, Sophia Knopf, Michael Mögele

Abstract For city planners, public experimentation has become an attractive tool to “look into the future”, increasingly including novel technologies: Actors test novel mobility options, such as autonomous driving on urban roads to receive real-world feedback on their prototypes; and digital technologies are used to create virtual spaces of experimentation to explore interventions in urban space before implementation. Paying explicit attention to the performative character of experiments and the mechanisms by which they make envisioned futures more plausible than others, we build on the concept of “techniques of futuring” (ToF) to better understand the role of experiments in urban transformations. We ask: How do urban experiments perform mobility futures and how does the performance make these futures plausible? We provide empirical insights on two cases of experimental environments in Munich: a living lab for autonomous driving and an urban digital twin for novel bicycle infrastructure design. We identify three core performative mechanisms by which urban experimentation contributes to making certain futures plausible: picturing the vision, preparing the city, and persuading the public. These mechanisms show how experiments involving novel technologies can become powerful in underpinning the presented visions of future mobility. At the same time, they call for caution when the allure of these mechanisms outplays alternative ways of deliberating and creating mobility futures.

Hakan Topal

This article examines how artistic practices respond to the emergence of a “negative community” after a disaster, where people are bound together by displacement, abandonment, and infrastructural control rather than choice or solidarity. Drawing on fieldwork in coastal Japan following the 2011 earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident, this article reflects on how art can resist the reduction of catastrophe to either spectacle or state‐managed recovery. Through practices of observation, witnessing, and collective engagement, art creates vital spaces of proximity, care, and dissent. In doing so, it unsettles imposed forms of community and opens possibilities for imagining a new social life beyond the structures of ruin and control.

Beate Löffler

The religious topography of German cities diversifies in terms of both the social spaces of faith and the built presence of religions and denominations. This challenges established Christian congregations to preserve architectural places and Christian spaces while simultaneously advancing interreligious interaction with the city and society. This paper summarises and discusses insight from a recently completed research project. By synthesising quantitative and qualitative data, it analysed churches that have undergone architectural or functional changes over the last decades. Cases range from interior design changes to the abandonment and even demolition of buildings. We found a wide variety of approaches to balancing the spatial and social needs of congregations. The paper presents four cases of re-ordering parish functions, both spatially and architecturally. The communities all face the challenge of maintaining post-war structures on the one hand, and declining funding and participation in church service, on the other. The different solutions chosen allow for discussion of the role of parish centres beyond architectural questions alone, considering the broader picture of urban space and social networks.

Adriana Diaconu, Marta Pappalardo

This article examines the responses elicited by experiments addressing complex issues in housing. It explores how such experiments are implemented and their ability to facilitate or hinder dialogue beyond their initiators, decision-makers, and urban and real estate development professionals. The first theoretical part looks at the various definitions and typologies of urban experimentation, which reveal seemingly contradictory aspects regarding their implementation, resulting in an analytical grid. We then apply this grid to three housing development projects: two experiments on the energy transition and the third on metropolitan hospitality. This enables us to observe how these experiments are positioned between contradictory dynamics regarding their implementation, objectives and the actors involved. Our findings indicate that, while the creation of support and the enrollment of new participants are the most sought-after tools for addressing dissent in the cases studied, the processes for forming alliances diverge. Our perspective finally helps us understand the specific features of experiments conducted in housing projects that also aim to transform living practices.

Zeliha Banu Yavuz Pelvan, Selin Gaye Oran

Purchasing a home is one of the most significant decisions in life. Research shows that consumers typically consider price, location, layout, durability, and aesthetics when buying a home. However, with the increasing impact of climate change, sustainability, energy consumption, and carbon emissions are becoming important factors. This study examines how the sustainability features of the HEP Istanbul Housing Project, which holds LEED Gold and Silver certifications, grounded in LEED criteria and informed by a thorough review of relevant literatura, was administered to 70 individuals who had purchased homes from the project. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The findings indicate that although consumers were not highly familiar with LEED certification, environmental responsibility played a role in their decisions, highlighting a growing awareness of sustainability in home purchases.

Victoria Fernandez-Añez

El concepto de Ciudad Inteligente ha evolucionado desde marcos sectoriales específicos a otros más holísticos que enfatizan la gobernanza y la participación de las partes interesadas, pero existe una brecha crítica entre las estrategias y la ejecución de proyectos en el mundo real. Se explora la dinámica entre los discursos que rodean a las Ciudades Inteligentes y su implementación tangible, con un enfoque específico en la Iniciativa de Ciudad Inteligente de Milán. Mediante el uso de un modelo conceptual validado, esta investigación identifica (a) a las partes interesadas clave en las iniciativas de Ciudad Inteligente, (b) los proyectos ejecutados y (c) los desafíos encontrados en el camino. El modelo se aplica para el análisis de una visión integrada de los Proyectos de Ciudad Inteligente dentro de una ciudad y, por otro lado, la síntesis de la diversidad de puntos de vista de las partes interesadas sobre la. Opone y compara estos dos enfoques para comprender la brecha entre la visión de las partes interesadas y la implementación de la Estrategia de Ciudad Inteligente. Al emplear un enfoque de estudio de caso centrado en Milán, este artículo no solo aclara las características de una ciudad inteligente del consumidor sino que también aborda las implicaciones más amplias del modelo se gobernanza.

Dalila García Hernández, Salvador Adame Martínez, Carlos Alberto Pérez Ramírez et al.

La sociedad actual enfrenta una susceptibilidad que demerita la compleja construcción de la percepción del riesgo ante situaciones que, por su frecuencia, se normalizan. Estas se interiorizan hasta dejar de ser consideradas como negativas o peligrosas, ya que forman parte de la cotidianidad. Por ello, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar la transformación de la realidad desde los principios de la antropología, sugiriendo cómo la carga moral se presenta en la percepción que cada sistema social tiene sobre el riesgo. Esto se explica a través de la revisión y análisis derivados del mapeo sistemático disponible sobre la percepción de las inundaciones. El enfoque del estudio es analítico-reflexivo, a partir de la argumentación de los aspectos claves que inciden en la transformación del entorno. La aceptación o rechazo generado mediante el ejercicio de la percepción, independientemente del grado de vulnerabilidad que la sociedad ha concebido. Este análisis se centra en el contexto del sureste mexicano, donde se destaca cómo las inundaciones pueden generar pérdidas socioeconómicas de alto impacto. Desde la antropología, se logra profundizar en el argumento de la dinámica social real mediante, ejercicios analíticos. Esto se plantea a partir de la necesidad de responder a la pregunta: ¿Cómo se desarrolla la percepción del riesgo en un escenario de vulnerabilidad real, vinculándola con la incidencia de la realidad empírica?

Bernd H. Schmitt, Alex Simonson, Tom Peters

K. Grammer, B. Fink, A. MØller et al.

zeinab masoudi, fahimeh zarezadeh

Introduction From an expert's perspective, color and form are human visual perception's most significant visual elements. Nowadays, a significant number of theories have been proposed in the field of color recognition, and the advancement of science and research experiences have paved new ways for feeling and perceiving it. Ethan, the author of "The Art of Color", claims: A physicist studies the energy and particles in light, the composition of colored lights, the spectrum of elements, and the frequency and wavelength of colored rays. The molecular structure of pigments is of high importance for a chemist. A biologist examines the distinct impacts of light and color on the visual system and how the eye adjusts to them. The psychologist considers the effect of color on the psyche and mental understanding of colors. Artists are interested in color aesthetics and weigh on the representation of it in artworks. Thus, all these sciences were historically regarded as a subset of philosophy. Therefore, the most comprehensive theories on color were considered a tangible quality issued by philosophers. However, a lack of familiarity with these theories has recently made colorology a new science, concomitant with Newton's experiences and experiments. It is assumed that its origin goes back to the era of specialization of sciences. Historically, philosophers in Iran and Greece have paid attention to the issue of color regarding light, and unknown secrets are written with the source of conceptual or visual sensory perceptions. Therefore, these writings continued with the emergence of Islam, influenced by the Arabic translation movement in the Abbasid era, and were closely related together; they framed the mind of Muslim philosophers by creating developments and new perspectives and the foundation of the philosophical school of illuminationism by Sheikh Shahabuddin Suhravardi at the height of this interaction in the following centuries.  Methodology Similarly, this study tries to analyze its philosophical data about colors comparatively and to extract the similarities and differences in their opinions about the perception of this visual element based on light. It is assumed that: Therefore, in all of their comments, the philosophers of Iran and ancient Greece explained the same color by taking the model of light; the perception of this element, a combination of conceptual and visual perception has been manifested. Zoroaster and Mani, in Iran, were regarded as the philosophers and wise people to accept or reject these hypotheses. While describing their religious-knowledge system, they have explicitly or implicitly referred to color manifestations in a written or visual manner. The thoughts of Empedocles, Democritus, Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle were studied in Greece. Discussion Analyzes of the common and distinct aspects of various visions of philosophers suggest that color in their opinions is not only a mixture of the two conceptual and visual senses; each has only stressed one of these two. Thus:Colors emerge in the form of lights with a metaphysical and spiritual nature either in the stand of the soul and its darkness or in the stand of God's manifestation and approaching to Him, and can carry a meaningful quality for humans and finally provide the basis for symbolic spiritual interpretations. Iranian philosophers paid extensive attention to seeing this visual element in the conceptual sense. They perceptually and intuitively substantiated the perception of color and defined ranges of pure and raw colors between white and black. In this range, they valued content and the concept of colors.Likewise, Greek philosophers heavily emphasized seeing this visual element in their vision. Colors that regularly emerge in the shape of various lights with physical nature can potentially convey the tangible quality of the object and the form in isolation as well as in combination with each other for humans and finally form the basis for the sensory interpretations. Therefore, perception of color and its context leads to the emotional and tangible substantiation of its existence by the power of vision, the three components of the object's essence, the way the light shines, and the condition of the eye state. Everybody has considered the existence and the human reaction to their perception certain and expressed comprehensive comments focusing on how to view this visual element. However, should we profoundly consider the thoughts and ideas of these philosophers as the final point, we will find out the correspondence of their opinions with colors and their conversion and combination, which God has created in nature. Ironically, this has been the turning point in their effect on each other and building common interests. It means they spiritually contemplate God's signs, whether in a perceptible or over-perceptible world. The contrast between white and black and various colors between these two are shared among Iranian and Greek philosophers; the red color is also formed by the combination of white and black, whether physically or metaphysically. Greek philosophers emphasized the tangible quality of colors and immediate and direct feeling. On the other hand, Iranian philosophers heeded attention to the mental perception of colors by their mythical and symbolic functions. The functions are based on a stable mental process and are considered the reason for viewing various colors without a sensory organ. According to the belief of Iranian philosophers, the nature of light and color are not separated, and their difference and how color is affected by light is not considered in viewing various colors. The Greek philosophers believed that the difference in how light is affected by colors caused the eyes to see the colors differently. Greek philosophers have expressed some conditions in their ideas to realize the color vision and the perception of it beyond the vision power.  However, Iranian philosophers considered human efforts the condition for the light seeker in symbolic transit from darkness and the evils to brightness and the goods in the evolution of the soul. In the scope of Greek philosophy, color is a material element and the product of the dissociation of light to reveal several defined objects from which the primary colors are taken, and from the combination of them, the secondary colors are produced.  However, light is synonymous with the existence and manifestation of God’s infinite nature from which various colors are produced in Iranian philosophy. It is the cause of the realization and emergence of colors in the realm of human existence. From Iranian philosophers’ point of view, white and black colors are created based on how much they benefit from the source of God’s grace; thus, they have semantic and symbolic value.  Nevertheless, these colors are created based on the extent to which the physical radius of light increases or decreases. Conclusion Unlike Socrates, who briefly and concisely proposed his thoughts on how he sees colors, other philosophers in these two countries have pointed out the details of the emergence of colors based on light and its different types. The difference is that Iranian philosophers studied the classification of colors and the Greek philosophers examined their combinations. The former have always considered colors in the longitudinal hierarchy and the latter in the transverse hierarchy. Although the Greek philosophers' opinions are distinct from each other, i.e., Empedocles and Democritus studied colors based on the movement of light particles, Socrates reviewed them based on eye frictions with light rays, Plato considered the outcome of the exit of the radius, and Aristotle examined them based on their impressions. Thus, they have proven all these topics based on the visual sense. On the other hand, Zoroaster and Mani saw colors from another angle of view and considered the intuition of the human soul in gaining the grace of Ahura as evidence for different colors. The Greek philosophers believed that the difference in how light is affected by colors caused the eyes to see the colors differently. They believe that the nature of light and color are not separated, and the difference and how color is affected by light are not considered in viewing various colors. Therefore, they explained the perception of this visual element regardless of the arguments of physical logic about the perception of colors based on conceptual sense.

R. Scruton

A. Lothian

L. Byron, M. Wattenberg

T. Morton

A. I. Shaikhaliev, P. S. Petruk, I. M. Shpitser et al.

Mandibular reconstruction after partial or complete resection is a prerequisite for restoring normal facial aesthetics, articulation and chewing function. We present a clinical case of lower jaw reconstruction in a female patient with acquired extensive bone defect while taking pervitin and desomorphine. Detailed descriptions of the stages of planning and performing surgery, manufacture of an individual endoprosthesis, as well as preoperative preparation of the patient are presented. Clinical and radiological data in the postoperative period were analyzed and an objective assessment of the effectiveness of the technique was given. Adequate restoration of the main functions of the lost organ was achieved thanks to the use of an individual titanium mandibular endoprosthesis with integrated dental implants and a full-arch denture.

María Laura Canestraro, Laura Zulaica

En las últimas décadas, la zona sur de Mar del Plata y su periurbano, se han caracterizado por una fuerte dinámica en la que, a grandes rasgos, se observa la creciente producción de hábitat popular, el desarrollo de barrios cerrados y urbanizaciones privadas, la puesta en valor del frente marítimo a través de la privatización y la concesión de espacios públicos costeros, la recualificación de zonas consideradas estratégicas, entre otros aspectos. Todo ello, viabilizado por políticas urbanas que favorecieron nuevas formas de acumulación de capital, a través de procesos de desposesión y apropiación de plusvalías urbanas (Harvey, 2004). La ciudad se erige como lugar estratégico para la captación de plusvalías, pero también para su resistencia y visibilización de sus potenciales límites (Theodore et al., 2009), que se manifiestan en la emergencia de conflictos urbanos (Melé, 2003). En este marco, el propósito de este trabajo es analizar las principales transformaciones urbanas hacia el sur de la ciudad de Mar del Plata y su área periurbana a partir del estudio de los conflictos urbanos emergentes, definiendo una tipología que permita en una etapa exploratoria no sólo caracterizarlos en términos de su productividad social (Melé, 2003; 2016) sino, además, vincularlos con dinámicas urbanas más amplias.

David Robins, Jason Holmes