Hasil untuk "Medicine"

M. Kong, Gmw Gerrit Kroesen, G. Morfill et al.

This introductory review on plasma health care is intended to provide the interested reader with a summary of the current status of this emerging field, its scope, and its broad interdisciplinary approach, ranging from plasma physics, chemistry and technology, to microbiology, biochemistry, biophysics, medicine and hygiene. Apart from the basic plasma processes and the restrictions and requirements set by international health standards, the review focuses on plasma interaction with prokaryotic cells (bacteria), eukaryotic cells (mammalian cells), cell membranes, DNA etc. In so doing, some of the unfamiliar terminology—an unavoidable by-product of interdisciplinary research—is covered and explained. Plasma health care may provide a fast and efficient new path for effective hospital (and other public buildings) hygiene—helping to prevent and contain diseases that are continuously gaining ground as resistance of pathogens to antibiotics grows. The delivery of medically active ‘substances’ at the molecular or ionic level is another exciting topic of research through effects on cell walls (permeabilization), cell excitation (paracrine action) and the introduction of reactive species into cell cytoplasm. Electric fields, charging of surfaces, current flows etc can also affect tissue in a controlled way. The field is young and hopes are high. It is fitting to cover the beginnings in New Journal of Physics, since it is the physics (and non-equilibrium chemistry) of room temperature atmospheric pressure plasmas that have made this development of plasma health care possible.

Angelo S. Mao, D. Mooney

N. Collop, W. Anderson, B. Boehlecke et al.

T. Davis, S. W. Long, R. Jackson et al.

F. Hafferty

W. M. Krogman

Dario Sambunjak, S. Straus, A. Marušić

S. L. Shumak

Muin J. Khoury, M. F. Iademarco, W. Riley

R. Mahla

Regenerative medicine, the most recent and emerging branch of medical science, deals with functional restoration of tissues or organs for the patient suffering from severe injuries or chronic disease. The spectacular progress in the field of stem cell research has laid the foundation for cell based therapies of disease which cannot be cured by conventional medicines. The indefinite self-renewal and potential to differentiate into other types of cells represent stem cells as frontiers of regenerative medicine. The transdifferentiating potential of stem cells varies with source and according to that regenerative applications also change. Advancements in gene editing and tissue engineering technology have endorsed the ex vivo remodelling of stem cells grown into 3D organoids and tissue structures for personalized applications. This review outlines the most recent advancement in transplantation and tissue engineering technologies of ESCs, TSPSCs, MSCs, UCSCs, BMSCs, and iPSCs in regenerative medicine. Additionally, this review also discusses stem cells regenerative application in wildlife conservation.

A. Fogel, J. Kvedar

Artificial intelligence (AI) has recently surpassed human performance in several domains, and there is great hope that in healthcare, AI may allow for better prevention, detection, diagnosis, and treatment of disease. While many fear that AI will disrupt jobs and the physician–patient relationship, we believe that AI can eliminate many repetitive tasks to clear the way for human-to-human bonding and the application of emotional intelligence and judgment. We review several recent studies of AI applications in healthcare that provide a view of a future where healthcare delivery is a more unified, human experience.

K. França, T. Lotti

C. Peterson, K. Denniston, D. Chopra

Aim: The aim of this article is to review the current literature on the therapeutic uses and efficacy of Triphala. Herbal remedies are among the most ancient medicines used in traditional systems of healthcare such as Ayurveda. Triphala, a well-recognized and highly efficacious polyherbal Ayurvedic medicine consisting of fruits of the plant species Emblica officinalis (Amalaki), Terminalia bellerica (Bibhitaki), and Terminalia chebula (Haritaki), is a cornerstone of gastrointestinal and rejuvenative treatment. Methods: A search of the PubMed database was conducted. Results: In addition, numerous additional therapeutic uses described both in the Ayurvedic medical literature and anecdotally are being validated scientifically. In addition to laxative action, Triphala research has found the formula to be potentially effective for several clinical uses such as appetite stimulation, reduction of hyperacidity, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, antibacterial, antimutagenic, adaptogenic, hypoglycemic, antineoplastic, chemoprotective, and radioprotective effects, and prevention of dental caries. Polyphenols in Triphala modulate the human gut microbiome and thereby promote the growth of beneficial Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus while inhibiting the growth of undesirable gut microbes. The bioactivity of Triphala is elicited by gut microbiota to generate a variety of anti-inflammatory compounds. Conclusions: This review summarizes recent data on pharmacological properties and clinical effects of Triphala while highlighting areas in need of additional investigation and clinical development.

Yash Pershad, Patrick T. Hangge, H. Albadawi et al.

Social media enables the public sharing of information. With the recent emphasis on transparency and the open sharing of information between doctors and patients, the intersection of social media and healthcare is of particular interest. Twitter is currently the most popular form of social media used for healthcare communication; here, we examine the use of Twitter in medicine and specifically explore in what capacity using Twitter to share information on treatments and research has the potential to improve care. The sharing of information on Twitter can create a communicative and collaborative atmosphere for patients, physicians, and researchers and even improve quality of care. However, risks involved with using Twitter for healthcare discourse include high rates of misinformation, difficulties in verifying the credibility of sources, overwhelmingly high volumes of information available on Twitter, concerns about professionalism, and the opportunity cost of using physician time. Ultimately, the use of Twitter in healthcare can allow patients, healthcare professionals, and researchers to be more informed, but specific guidelines for appropriate use are necessary.

Fuzhuo Wang, Jiashuang Xu, Hong Sun et al.

BackgroundNumerous studies have demonstrated a close association between perceived stress and depression in colorectal cancer patients; however, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. This study aims to investigate the impact of perceived stress on depression in this population, as well as the mediating role of illness perception and the moderating role of self-efficacy.MethodA cross-sectional design was employed. From May to November 2024, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 290 colorectal cancer patients at two Grade A tertiary hospitals in Shenyang and Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China. The questionnaire comprised sections on general demographics, perceived stress, illness perception, self-efficacy, and depression. Descriptive statistics and correlation analyses were performed using SPSS 25.0 and the PROCESS 3.5 macro. Mediation and moderation effects were tested using bootstrap resampling.ResultsA significant positive correlation was found between perceived stress and depression (β = 0.483, P < 0.001) and this relationship was partially mediated by illness perception (β = 0.083). Self-efficacy moderated the association between perceived stress and illness perception (β = 0.024, P < 0.001), with higher levels of self-efficacy strengthening the relationship between perceived stress and illness perception.ConclusionThis study identifies illness perception as a mediating pathway in the association between perceived stress and depression, while self-efficacy moderates the relationship between perceived stress and illness perception. Accordingly, a multidimensional clinical approach may be considered for addressing depressive symptoms in colorectal cancer patients. Such an approach could concurrently target perceived stress reduction, modification of illness perception, and enhancing self-efficacy.

M. Haendel, C. Chute, Peter N. Robinson

Ontologies, Phenotypes, and Big Data Data-organizing methods have been in place for centuries, but very large data sets have come into being relatively recently. The authors describe terminologies,...

A. Letai

A. Caplan

The body continuously changes, and this is controlled primarily by genetic factors. The same genomic program that brings the fertilized egg through a series of multiplication and differentiation changes to bring about the birth of a complete, multi-tissued organism also controls the continuous changes through neonatal, juvenile, and teen sta g es, and all of adulthood. T en-, 30-, 50-, 70- and 90- year-olds exemplify this continuous genetic and distinctive process of change. Importantly, the later stage of this process, referred to as aging, is not a disease state, but rather part of this genomically controlled continuum. The central feature of change is that progenitor cells divide and their progeny differentiate in a sequence of site-specific changes to both expand the dimensions of tissues and replace cells that naturally expire. Every cell in the body has a lifespan measured in minutes, weeks, or, in some rare cases, years. With only a few exceptions, the end-stage differentiated cells die within a fixed timeframe. The progenitor cells for that expired cell must replace the expired cells; the rate of replacement controls whether the tissue will increase in size, be maintained, or experience atrophy as seen in old age.

Julia Keller, Pascale Plaisancié, Edwin Fouché et al.

Objective: Colorectal cancer is a major public health issue for which dietary factors such as red and processed meat consumption seem to play a prominent role. Heme iron, which is present in important concentration in those food products, was reported to play a role in colorectal cancer promotion in animal studies. However, its role in colorectal cancer initiation remains to be established. Methods: Male Fischer 344 rats were given experimental diets (control diet, ferric citrate-supplemented diet or hemin-supplemented diet) for 2 weeks before being initiated for colon cancer with azoxymethane. Rats were then fed a control diet for 8 weeks. Preneoplastic lesions, lipid peroxidation, genotoxicity and oxidative stress markers, together with gut microbiota, were analyzed. Results: Heme iron, given in the rat diet for only 2 weeks before the colorectal cancer initiating event, increased two types of preneoplastic lesions in the rat colon, namely aberrant crypt foci and mucin-depleted foci, when compared to a control diet containing the same amount of iron in a non-heminic form. This heme iron concentration in the diet, representative of human consumption, induced at the same time a huge increase in luminal lipid peroxidation, a significant increase in RNA/DNA oxidative damage and an increase in the expression of antioxidant defenses in colon mucosa, accompanied by epithelial cell proliferation together with a reduction in colon mucus cells, and a gut dysbiosis. Conclusion: These results, obtained in an animal model, suggest that iron, only in its heminic form, has a co-initiating effect on colorectal carcinogenesis.

Omar Alhaj Omar, Stefan T. Gerner, Slava Alikevitch et al.

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although advanced imaging modalities, such as CT perfusion (CTP), are increasingly being used in clinical decision-making, the necessity and added value of perfusion imaging prior to intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) within early time windows remains uncertain. We aim to evaluate the safety and functional outcomes of IVT in AIS patients without perfusion deficits on CTP. We question the requirement of perfusion mismatch for IVT eligibility and hypothesize that IVT is safe and beneficial even in the absence of a perfusion deficit. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective analysis was conducted using data from the Giessen Stroke Registry, focusing on AIS patients who underwent CTP imaging and received IVT between 01/2018 and 12/2020. Patients who underwent endovascular therapy were excluded. Clinical data, including demographics, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores, and complications, were collected. Patients were dichotomized based on the presence of perfusion lesions and compared in terms of efficacy outcomes (i.e., NIHSS or mRS improvement during the hospital stay) and safety outcomes (i.e., post-thrombolytic hemorrhagic complications). <b>Results:</b> Of the 89 AIS patients with available CTP data who received IVT, 34 (38%) had a perfusion deficit and 55 (62%) did not. There were no significant differences between the groups in terms of hemorrhagic complications or functional outcomes at discharge (NIHSS and mRS). Clinical improvement from admission to discharge was similar in both groups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Our findings suggest that IVT is safe and clinically effective even in AIS patients without detectable perfusion deficits on CTP within the standard therapeutic window. These results support current guideline recommendations that do not mandate perfusion imaging for early presenters. Routine use of CTP in this context may be of limited clinical utility and could unnecessarily delay treatment or introduce additional risks in the first 4.5 h.