Мета роботи. Розробити оптимізаційну математичну модель максимізації значення інтегрального індексу безпеки державного кордону.
Метод дослідження. В основу моделі покладено інтегральний індекс безпеки державного кордону (ІІБ) як цільову функцію, яку необхідно максимізувати. Змінними в моделі виступають не самі показники, а керуючі впливи або ресурси, що спрямовуються на покращення цих показників.
Результати дослідження. Розроблено математичну модель максимізації значення інтегрального індексу безпеки державного кордону та реалізовано її у середовищі Matlab.
Теоретична цінність дослідження. Теоретично методика збагачує область математичного моделювання в системах безпеки, демонструючи, як оціночні індекси можна трансформувати в оптимізуючі задачі.
Оригінальність/Цінність дослідження. Новизна полягає у інтеграції оціночної моделі та агрегації цільової функції до специфічного індексу IIБ з елементами математичного програмування для оптимального розподілу ресурсів у контексті безпеки державного кордону.
Майбутні дослідження. У ході подальших досліджень доцільно опрацювати вхідні дані та розробити програмний продукт для комп’ютерної підтримки.
Тип статті. Теоретична.
Darja Smite, Nils Brede Moe, Maria Teresa Baldassarre
et al.
The COVID-19 pandemic has permanently altered workplace structures, making remote work a widespread practice. While many employees advocate for flexibility, many employers reconsider their attitude toward remote work and opt for structured return-to-office mandates. Media headlines repeatedly emphasize that the corporate world is returning to full-time office work. This study examines how companies employing software engineers and supporting roles regulate work location, whether corporate policies have evolved in the last five years, and, if so, how, and why. We collected data on remote work regulation from corporate HR and/or management representatives from 68 corporate entities that vary in size, location, and orientation towards remote or office work. Our findings reveal that although many companies prioritize office-centred working (50%), most companies in our sample permit hybrid working to varying degrees (85%). Remote work regulation does not reveal any particular new "best practice" as policies differ greatly, but the single most popular arrangement was the three in-office days per week. More than half of the companies (51%) encourage or mandate office days, and more than quarter (28%) have changed regulations, gradually increasing the mandatory office presence or implementing differentiated conditions. Although no companies have increased flexibility, only four companies are returning to full-time office work. Our key recommendation for office-oriented companies is to consider a trust-based alternative to strict office presence mandates, while for companies oriented toward remote working, we warn about the points of no (or hard) return. Finally, the current state of policies is clearly not final, as companies continue to experiment and adjust their work regulation.
Introduction: The 2022 National Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) Profile in Indonesia shows that the human factor in safety is a factor that influences the risk of workplace accidents. The mining accidents statistical data in Indonesia, in which there was a 100% increase of workplace accidents in 2022, have given this industry an urgency to get a special attention to study risk-taking behavior at the workplace. At the organizational level, PT. XYZ (a mining contractor company in Indonesia) has internally measured its safety maturity level and is currently in calculative level, which indicates that the OHS management system has been implemented but the number of unsafe behaviors and unsafe conditions on site is still high. This paper explores quantitative results from research which aims to obtain an overview of employees’ internal factors leading to rule-breaking acts at the workplace. Methods: This paper uses cross-sectional design research with quantitative approach. Using stratified random sampling, a sample of 283 employees of PT. XYZ Site A participated in this study, ranging from managers, supervisors, and workers. Data were collected through a questionnaire with open-ended questions referring to a study from Safe Work Australia and analyzed quantitatively using statistical Chi-Square statistical test. Results: From the results of the Chi-Square test, the independent variables that have a value of Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) below 0.05 (95% CI) and lead to rule-breaking act at workplace are risk-taking behavior acceptance (0.018), normalizing minor accidents (0.002), and decision to take risk (0.000). Conclusion: Employees’ internal factors of risk-taking behavior acceptance, normalizing minor accidents, and decision to take risk have positive and significant effect on rule-breaking acts at the workplace. It is recommended that organizations implement a proper risk management with ALARP principle, safety empowering leadership, and safe behavior trainings to minimize rule-breaking acts at the workplace
Neda Taghizadeh Serajeh, Iman Mohammadi, Vittorio Fuccella
et al.
Efficient and accurate information extraction from scientific papers is significant in the rapidly developing human-computer interaction research in the literature review process. Our paper introduces and analyses a new information retrieval system using state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) in combination with structured text analysis techniques to extract experimental data from HCI literature, emphasizing key elements. Then We analyze the challenges and risks of using LLMs in the world of research. We performed a comprehensive analysis on our conducted dataset, which contained the specified information of 300 CHI 2020-2022 papers, to evaluate the performance of the two large language models, GPT-3.5 (text-davinci-003) and Llama-2-70b, paired with structured text analysis techniques. The GPT-3.5 model gains an accuracy of 58\% and a mean absolute error of 7.00. In contrast, the Llama2 model indicates an accuracy of 56\% with a mean absolute error of 7.63. The ability to answer questions was also included in the system in order to work with streamlined data. By evaluating the risks and opportunities presented by LLMs, our work contributes to the ongoing dialogue on establishing methodological validity and ethical guidelines for LLM use in HCI data work.
Working memory often appears to exceed its basic span by organizing items into compact representations called chunks. Chunking can be learned over time for familiar inputs; however, it can also arise spontaneously for novel stimuli. Such on-the-fly structuring is crucial for cognition, yet the underlying neural mechanism remains unclear. Here we introduce a synaptic theory of chunking, in which short-term synaptic plasticity enables the formation of chunk representations in working memory. We show that a specialized population of ``chunking neurons'' selectively controls groups of stimulus-responsive neurons, akin to gating. As a result, the network maintains and retrieves the stimuli in chunks, thereby exceeding the basic capacity. Moreover, we show that our model can dynamically construct hierarchical representations within working memory through hierarchical chunking. A consequence of this proposed mechanism is a new limit on the number of items that can be stored and subsequently retrieved from working memory, depending only on the basic working memory capacity when chunking is not invoked. Predictions from our model were confirmed by analyzing single-unit responses in epileptic patients and memory experiments with verbal material. Our work provides a novel conceptual and analytical framework for understanding how the brain organizes information in real time.
The objective of the paper is to understand if the minimum wage plays a role for the labor share of manufacturing workers in North Macedonia. We decompose labor share movements on those along a share-capital curve, shifts of this locus, and deviations from it. We use the capital-output ratio, total factor productivity and prices of inputs to capture these factors, while the minimum wage is introduced as an element that moves the curve off. We estimate a panel of 20 manufacturing branches over the 2012-2019 period with FE, IV and system-GMM estimators. We find that the role of the minimum wage for the labor share is industry-specific. For industrial branches which are labor-intensive and low-pay, it increases workers' labor share, along a complementarity between capital and labor. For capital-intensive branches, it reduces labor share, likely through the job loss channel and along a substitutability between labor and capital. This applies to both branches where foreign investment and heavy industry are nested.
COVID-19 pandemic has irreversibly changed the attitude towards office presence. While previously remote workers were met with skepticism and distrust, today the same applies to companies prohibiting remote working. Albeit many workspaces are half empty. In this paper, we offer insights into the role of the office, corporate policies and actions regarding remote work in eight companies: Ericsson, Knowit, SpareBank 1 Utvikling, Spotify, Storebrand, Telenor, Company-X, Company-Y, and their sites in Sweden, Norway and the UK. Our findings are twofold. First, we found that companies indeed struggle with office presence and a large share of corporate space (35-67%) is underutilized. Second, we found that the main motivator for office presence is Connection and community, followed by Material offerings, Preference and Duty. Finally, we summarize actionable advice to promote onsite work, which is likely to help many other companies to rejuvenate life in their offices.
Marjan Petreski, Stefan Tanevski, Irena Stojmenovska
This paper examines how investment in environmentally sustainable practices impacts employment and labor productivity growth of firms in transition economies. The study considers labor skill composition and geographical differences, shedding light on sustainability dynamics. The empirical analysis relies on the World Bank-s Enterprise Survey 2019 for 24 transition economies, constructing an environmental sustainability index from various indicators through a Principal Components Analysis. To address endogeneity, a battery of fixed effects and instrumental variables are employed. Results reveal the relevance of environmental sustainability for both employment and labor productivity growth. However, the significance diminishes when addressing endogeneity comprehensively, alluding that any relation between environmentally sustainable practices and jobs growth is more complex and needs time to work. The decelerating job-creation effect of sustainability investments is however confirmed for the high-skill firms, while low-skill firms benefit from labor productivity gains spurred by such investment. Geographically, Central Europe sees more pronounced labor productivity impacts, possibly due to its higher development and sustainability-awareness levels as compared to Southeast Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States.
How to give a statistical description of thermodynamics in quantum systems is an open fundamental question. Concerning the work, the presence of initial quantum coherence in the energy basis can give rise to a quasiprobability of work, which can take negative values. Our aim is to identify the most general quasiprobability of work satisfying some fundamental conditions. By doing so, we introduce a general notion of quasiprobability in analogy to the Gleason's theorem. Then, we use these quasiprobabilities to define the quasiprobability of work, and finally we discuss the contextuality of the protocol.
The article presents the results of the risk of developing the burnout syndrome in medical workers, taking into account the influence of hygienic working conditions and the psychological situation in the team. 134 medical workers with working conditions class 2.0, 3.1, and 3.2 were under observation. The ratio of the working conditions of medical workers to the corresponding class was established according to the Manual 2.2006–05 «Hygienic assessment of factors of the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions». The methodological basis for assessing the level of emotional burnout of a medical worker in a team was a questionnaire developed by V. V. Boyko; the psychological situation in the team was assessed using a questionnaire by A. F. Fiedler. The conducted studies found that with the class of working conditions of doctors at the level of 2.0, the risk of developing emotional burnout after five years of work is 30.7 %. At the level of the class of working conditions 3.2, after five years of work, the burnout among doctors will reach 46.7 %. Against the background of a favorable psychological situation in the team, the probability of developing an emotional burnout syndrome was 20.0 %, with an unfavorable one, it increased to 46.6 %. The results obtained in the course of this study were used as the basis for the development of a method for predicting the risk of developing burnout syndrome in medical professionals in the first five years of work with a sensitivity of 78 % and a specificity of 68 %.
Reseña de Magalí Andrea Devés, Guillermo Facio Hebequer. Entre el campo artístico y la cultura de izquierdas, Buenos Aires, Prometeo Libros, 2020, 302 pp.
1789-, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
Роздуми Леха Качинського на геополітичні теми стосувались переважно питань, пов'язаних з історичним розташуванням Польщі, особливо місцем Польщі та поляків на територіях Польщі до поділу. У його роздумах про зовнішню політику можна помітити посилання, які стосуються географічного положення Польщі в районі Балтійського моря та Чорноморської полоси, також зі стратегічної точки зору, далекосяжної, насамперед, стосовно енергетичних ресурсів Польщі. Беручи до уваги геополітику, географічне положення також розглядалося в контексті можливостей та загроз для ведення зовнішньоекономічної політики. За такого підходу можна побачити конкретні рішення, які пропагував президент Качинський, особливо стосовно міжнародної діяльності Польщі на пострадянському просторі. Особливо в контексті України (у довгостроковій перспективі також Республіки Молдова та Республіки Білорусь) та країн Балтії, з особливим акцентом на співпраці з Литовською Республікою, а також співпраці на Південному Кавказі з Республікою Азербайджан, Республіка Вірменія і, перш за все, Грузія.
В статті автор представляє як геополітичну концепцію президента Леха Качинського, так і практичні елементи її реалізації.
This work concerns with the description of the topological phases of band insulators of class DIII by using the equivariant cohomology. The main result is the definition of a cohomology class for general systems of class DIII which generalizes the well known $\mathbb{Z}_2$-invariant given by the Teo-Kane formula in the one-dimension case. In the two-dimensional case this cohomology invariant allows a complete description of the strong and weak phases. The relation with the KR-theory, the Noether-Fredholm index and the classification of "Real" gerbes are also discussed.
Taking inspiration from renewed scholarly interest in the role of time in migration, we compare the temporalities of work and social life among male Bangladeshi-origin migrants in northeast Italy and London. We draw conceptually on time geography and rhythmanalysis, and empirically on interviews with 40 Bangladeshi migrant men, to demonstrate the stark contrasts in migrants’ daily lives in the two settings and the impacts of moving from northeast Italy to London. More broadly, this article contributes to debates on the temporalities and rhythms of migrants’ everyday lives via comparative analysis. While in both settings capitalism inexorably shaped class dynamics through its command over flexible labor, there were also marked differences in the routinization of migrants’ work and social and family life. In northeast Italy’s small industrial towns, stable shift-based working rhythms created regular free time for family and associative life. In London, where participants’ employment was limited to low-skill jobs with unsocial hours, family and social life was disrupted, with consequential effects on social integration. The findings presented here highlight the under-appreciated role of onward migration in global migration dynamics and underscore the importance of time, in particular the way in which the diverse temporalities of migrants’ daily lives are shaped by the mode of regulation of the labor market and the spatial setting where migrants’ working and social lives unfold.
Based on theories of the relations of labor and care, as well as previous research on the past 30 years of gender inequalities in Hungary, the paper aims to interpret these results and further develop the existing knowledge on the situation of women and gender relations in Hungarian society in the context of the social, economic, and political transformations of the past 30 years while considering the intersecting mechanisms ofemployment, family and care policies from a gender perspective. In 2017 we conducted six focus group interviews with lower-class women across the country and a representative survey on a sample of 1,000 respondents (both men and women), that will provide the empirical data for the paper. One of the core findings of the research is the striking tension that women experience on the labor market in relation to their care responsibilities incl. elderly care, especially in low-income and working-class groups. The counter-interest of the employers concerning care for dependent family members was a recurrent topic brought up by the participants of our interviews as well as the lack of expectations towards state support and towards men in the share of care work.
E. Katamanova, N. Efimova, Natalya V. Slivnitsyna
et al.
Introduction. Teacher’s health problems depend on many factors. However, research has focused on psychological stressors. The goal is to assess the factors of the school environment and determine the impact of seniority and the level of academic load on the health status of secondary school teachers. Material and methods. Assessment of working conditions of teachers was studied on hygienic characteristics and their research in 11 schools. There were studied conditions of the school environment (microclimate, lighting) and the timing of the teachers’ labor process. A clinical and psychological examination of 53 women with an average age of 50.0 (44.0-59.0) years, work experience - 27.0 (19.0-34.0), load - 25.0 (21.0-32.0) hours per week. According to the indices of harmfulness and danger of factors of the working environment, the severity and intensity of the labor process, the class of working conditions in only 25% of the examined corresponded to the permissible class. The frequency of increased irritability, hypertension, emotional exhaustion, reduced stress resistance is higher in the group of teachers with experience of 20 years or more. Discussion. Teachers of secondary general education are exposed not only to occupational stress, but also to the effects of the negative conditions of the school environment and the labor process. Conclusions. Targeted studies of the conditions of the school environment, factors of the educational process must be carried out to identify their impact on the health status of teachers.
O presente artigo apresenta a experiência de um projeto de extensão universitária que desenvolve ações na interface entre música, saúde mental e economia solidária (ES). A discussão está direcionada para um grupo de camerata de violões desenvolvido pela Associação de Usuários, Familiares e Amigos dos Serviços de Saúde Mental de Indaial (AUFASAM), em parceria com a Incubadora Tecnológica de Cooperativas Populares da Fundação Universidade Regional de Blumenau (ITCP/FURB) e com o Centro de Atenção Psicossocial de Indaial. Metodologicamente, as ações foram propostas a partir das contribuições da Luta Antimanicomial e da ES. Como resultados, foram realizados 32 ensaios que alcançaram um repertório composto por 11 músicas e a realização de três apresentações musicais. Os benefícios advindos desta experiência fortaleceram o processo de reabilitação psicossocial dos seus integrantes e, ao mesmo tempo, afetaram o contexto universitário e a comunidade geral, possibilitando maior visibilidade para a AUFASAM, proporcionando acesso gratuito a bens culturais, incentivando o fortalecimento da extensão universitária e a transformação do imaginário social referente à loucura. É importante reconhecer a pluralidade cultural proporcionada pela camerata, ao apresentar elementos culturais eruditos e populares, ao se propor a circular por contextos de saúde, educação e economia solidária.
Social Sciences, Labor in politics. Political activity of the working class
Микола Лисий, Вадим Сівак, Андрій Добровольський
et al.
Результати аналізу застосування георадарів у Державній прикордонній службі України показали, що протиправна діяльності на державному кордоні, а саме застосування трубопроводів для перекачування паливо-мастильних матеріалів, спирту та тунелів для переміщення засобів контрабанди досить проблематично виявляються під поверхнею ґрунту. Недостатньо висока результативність застосування георадарів для пошуку засобів підповерхневої контрабанди через державний кордон пояснюється у першу чергу неспроможністю використовуваних зразків георадарів виявляти саме такого типу правопорушення. Існує потреба у виборі більш ефективних зразків георадарів для пошуку засобів підповерхневої контрабанди через державний кордон. З цією метою, із застосуванням методу експертних оцінок, розроблено методику оцінювання функціональної ефективності георадарів пошуку засобів підповерхневої контрабанди через державний кордон. Найбільшу увагу приділено визначенню чисельності групи експертів. Проблема формування складу робочої групи експертів є однією із найскладніших і водночас найвідповідальніших завдань методу експертної оцінки. Існує декілька підходів до формування оптимальної чисельності групи експертів – формальних і неформальних. У роботі застосовано метод довірчих інтервалів теорії ймовірностей для встановлення взаємозв’язку між чисельністю групи експертів, кількістю характеристик георадару і довірчою ймовірністю до результатів ранжування характеристик. При цьому встановлено, що: при збільшенні кількості характеристик георадару, які ранжуються, посилюються вимоги до ймовірності хибного надання рангів характеристикам георадару, її абсолютне значення зменшується; збільшення кількості характеристик георадару призводить до необхідності збільшення чисельності групи експертів з метою забезпечення допустимої зміни верхньої межі ймовірності хибного надання рангів характеристикам георадару; чисельність групи експертів практично не залежить від збільшення кількості характеристик георадару починаючи з оцінки 10 характеристик для визначеного значення довірчої ймовірності. Раціональним є визначення мінімального складу групи експертів на рівні 3-5 осіб, що забезпечує рівень довіри до результатів ранжування 0,95-0,99 не залежно від кількості характеристик, які ранжуються.
Новим у формуванні складу експертної групи є потреба у здійсненні таких положень: визначається кількість характеристик георадару, які будуть ранжуватися; встановлюються вимоги до довірчої ймовірності результатів ранжування характеристик; кількість експертів, які є компетентними з питань оцінювання ефективності георадарів, визначається із застосуванням ймовірнісного підходу. Загалом, структура методики оцінювання функціональної ефективності георадарів включає: формування складу робочої групи експертів, складання змісту опитувальних анкет, вибір групи значимих характеристик георадарів з усієї множини, обробка результатів опитування із використанням відомого математичного апарату оцінювання, автоматизація розрахунків.