Migrant labor is a structural feature of industrialization in emerging countries. In India, industrial centers like Coimbatore are heavily reliant on migrant labor in the textile, auto components, pumps & motors, and engineering sectors. However, migrant laborers are plagued by problems such as job insecurity, low wages, poor housing, health hazards, and lack of access to welfare benefits despite their contribution to the economy. This research paper investigates the problems associated with labor migration from an employee perspective, using primary research data gathered from 379 migrant laborers working in chosen manufacturing units in the Coimbatore area. The research design was descriptive, utilizing statistical methods like descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, Pearson correlation, multiple regression, and principal component analysis. The results show that job insecurity, wage instability, poor living conditions, and lack of welfare benefits have a significant impact on job satisfaction, social adaptation, and retention attitudes. The positive correlation (r = .763, p < .01) between work experience andliving conditions reveals that work quality is a direct determinant ofsocio-economic conditions. Keywords: Internal Migration, Manufacturing Workforce, Labour Vulnerability, Job Satisfaction, Industrial Relations, Social Integration, India
Traditional agro-based industries play a critical role in sustaining rural livelihoods across developing economies, yet their long-term viability depends on successful modernization under conditions of climate and market uncertainty. This study examines the structural transformation of Karnataka’s sericulture sector as a model of technology-enabled rural industrial resilience. Using a secondary data analytical design, the research integrates production statistics, institutional mapping, and modernization indicators from 2022–2025 to evaluate how technological upgrading interacts with governance ecosystems to stabilize rural income systems. The findings reveal sustained growth in raw silk production, accelerated adoption of automatic reeling technologies, and the strengthening of institutional networks that support farmer participation. Rather than displacing labor, modernization has restructured rural employment toward higher productivity while preserving sectoral inclusivity. Despite increasing environmental pressures, the sericulture ecosystem demonstrates adaptive resilience through layered technological and institutional buffers. These dynamics indicate that modernization, when embedded within coordinated policy frameworks, can function as a livelihood stabilization strategy rather than a disruptive force. The study contributes to debates on sustainable rural industrialization by presenting sericulture as an adaptive agro-industrial system capable of technological evolution without social erosion. The Karnataka experience offers a replicable framework for strengthening traditional industries in developing regions facing climate and economic volatility.
This study aims to investigate both macro- and micro-level causes of gendered vulnerability during the COVID-19 pandemic, using Ulsan, South Korea, as a case study. The research adopts a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative survey data (N = 103) with qualitative semi-structured interviews (N = 8) under the press and release and access models. The results show that women’s vulnerability was rooted in neoliberal labor conditions and Confucian patriarchy. While the government offered generalized support, it lacked gender-specific measures. Social capital, especially bridging capital, played a key role in mitigating vulnerability. The study emphasizes the importance of addressing structural issues to enhance gender-responsive disaster resilience. The findings call for targeted support for marginalized female groups during crises, including mothers, non-regular workers and pregnant women. This study examines power and neoliberalism by integrating empirical data. It provides rare insight into the lived experiences of Korean women during the pandemic, who are often underrepresented in disaster research.
Workplace accidents were a pervasive reality during the 19th century, particularly in the wake of the Industrial Revolution, when labor conditions were harsh, and safety measures were virtually nonexistent. Amid this context, painting emerged as a powerful medium for documenting the struggles of the working class, offering both a visual testimony of occupational hazards and a reflection of evolving social awareness.This study examines a selection of Spanish 19th-century paintings through the lens of occupational risk prevention. Using an iconographic and contextual analysis, key works from costumbrismo and social realism are explored. These artworks not only depict workplace accidents but also expose the precarious conditions in which workers operated, highlighting the absence of protective measures and the profound human cost of industrial labor.The analysis is structured around four key themes: the visual representation of workplace accidents, the physical environment and safety conditions, societal responses to labor-related tragedies, and the evolution of working-class iconography in 19th-century painting. Through this approach, the study establishes a dialogue between past labor struggles and modern occupational health and safety principles, providing insight into how these historical representations resonate with contemporary concerns.Beyond their artistic and documentary significance, these paintings reveal how workplace accidents were perceived in a society undergoing profound transformation. As labor movements gained momentum and industrialization reshaped the economic landscape, art played a crucial role in shaping the collective memory of labor and raising awareness about occupational risks. This study underscores the enduring relevance of these visual narratives and their capacity to inform current debates on workplace safety and workers' rights.
The labor problems of mining and metallurgical complex are an urgent issue of the industrial sector in Kazakhstani economy. Sometimes it includes not only social problems, but also possibility of economic risks from industry's decline, due to the lack of desire among the population to work in its conditions. Many researchers see the essence of this problem in legal regulation of social issues in this area. The purpose of this research is to review and analyze current collective agreement for employees of the Karaganda Metallurgical Plant of “Qarmet” JSC, inherited by the enterprise from the previous owner, which was “ArcelorMittal Temirtau” JSC. Due to the fact, that this company is going to prepare a new collective agreement for 2025, it will be the right decision to analyze the imperfect aspects of its current model and describe some ways to correct them. This is a point of scientific novelty of the study. This should be done in order to avoid duplication of the issues of previous agreement in terms of granting employees by appropriate rights and their compliance monitoring. Authors used the following methods to implement this research: employee questionnaires, a comparative legal method for analyzing the provisions of a collective agreement. The results of research revealed the desire of employees to change provisions of the collective agreement on wages and social guarantees. Collective agreement of the last corporate period (which one still has its legal force), identifies some regulatory aspects, that impede the qualitative development for employees human capital. Recommendations for its resolution were presented in the article on this issue.
As labor migration continues to grow, its impact on Russia’s economy increases. Job satisfaction in migrant workers is a complex and understudied issue, which leads to ineffective HR strategies and excessive turnover. This study relied on a comprehensive approach that combined economic and social factors. The research objective was to identify key factors that influence the level of job satisfaction in labor migrants and to develop recommendations for industrial management. The authors conducted an expert interview with company heads and a survey of migrant industrial workers to assess various aspects of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction proved to depend on a complex net of economic (salary, social guarantees) and social (working conditions, team atmosphere, career growth opportunities) factors. Successful adaptation of migrant workers requires a systematic approach, including training and cultural orientation, as well as activities to build team spirit and create a comfortable working environment. Job satisfaction in migrant workers largely depends on the support from management. An integrated approach to improving job satisfaction includes good economic conditions, continuous learning, and feedback both from management and employees. These measures usually help to satisfy the needs of labor migrants, increase their motivation, and attract qualified specialists.
This article examines the historical and political foundations of the evacuation policy implemented in the Soviet Union during the Second World War, with particular attention to the strategic role of Uzbekistan in this process. Under wartime conditions, the urgent need to preserve the population, industrial enterprises, and institutions of science and culture transformed evacuation into a key state-level political strategy. The study analyzes the legal and organizational mechanisms that regulated evacuation activities and evaluates their economic, demographic, and social consequences. Special emphasis is placed on Uzbekistan’s geographical safety, labor resources, and growing industrial capacity, which significantly enhanced its strategic importance within the Soviet Union during the war years. The research also explores the ideological and moral dimensions of evacuation, highlighting its function in mobilizing society and fostering social cohesion in the rear. The findings demonstrate that evacuation policy not only contributed to sustaining the war effort but also reshaped Uzbekistan’s role within the Soviet political and economic system, leaving a lasting impact on its historical development.
In Europe, the Vienna system of international relations contributed to the peaceful coexistence of European countries, so industrial and social problems acquired an internal character. They reflected the peculiarities of industrial development, which naturally determined the nature of production relations. Industrial labor was very difficult, and the conditions for its implementation left much to be desired. The wages of workers were low, social guarantees were insignificant, legal protection was nominal, due to which contradictions grew between industrialists striving to obtain maximum profit, and workers who did not have the opportunity to improve their living conditions. Social unrest began, which grew into an uprising, in particular, French weavers in Lyon, Silesian weavers in Germany, the Chartist movement was spreading in England. The workers' actions were spontaneous, there was no systematic organization - no goals were set, tasks were defined momentarily. The aggravated social situation in Europe was analyzed by K. Marx and F. Engels. They saw in the workers' movement the force that was capable of resisting violence and exploitation by the bourgeoisie, provided it was organized. In the "Manifesto of the Communist Party" they substantiated the role of the working class in the struggle for its rights and freedoms. Marx and Engels believed that under the leadership of the Communist Party the working class was capable of carrying out radical changes not only in the sphere of labor relations but also in the social structure as a whole.
ABSTRACT Arguably the foundation of Eddie Webster’s scholarship in Sociology was based on his study of skills and the racialized division of labor in South Africa. As thoughts on the reconceptualization of skills formation in South Africa already started taking shape within the academic community by the late 1980s and early 1990s, Webster was already immersed in addressing questions of craft unionism, tacit skills, the notion of unskilled workers and the rise of industrial unionism. These perspectives were framed along the lines of arguing that the racial monopoly over skills held by whites needed to be challenged as it privileged white workers in the labor market directly privileging them in the wage structure. A critical issue was to challenge categories of unskilled and semi-skilled, which were attributed to black workers despite their being involved in a broad range of work that involved many skills. Webster’s work has addressed the range of issues that shape our understanding of the meaning of skill in the context of a racialized division of labor in South Africa. In his book Cast in Racial Mould (Ravan Press, 1983), Webster argued that the Marxian approach to the labor process among sociologists of labor ignored the bargaining power conferred on unskilled and semi-skilled workers when mechanization replaces craft skill. Webster’s work evolved throughout his career as he engaged questions of the post-apartheid changes to workplace orders; inequality; digitalization /platform economy; and rise of precariousness. These changes led Webster to revisit “old” questions of the changes in skills and the labor process in conditions of technological revolutions that influence the structure of the economy and the labor market. His last book Recasting Workers Power (Wits University Press, 2023) reflects on his analysis of change in the debates about the labor process and deskilling in the context of the “Digital Age”. This paper will engage Webster’s work by concentrating on: (1) global debates on skills; (2) the skills question in the context of a racialized division of labor in South Africa: from colonialism, apartheid and to the democratic era; (3) critically engage Webster’s contributions to the skills debate in South Africa; and (4) how Webster’s work can influence future studies of skills within South African Sociology.
Introduction. The practice of modern enterprises shows that a favorable social and psychological climate in the team increases the efficiency of the enterprise, contributes to reducing staff turnover and improving the general atmosphere at the workplace. At the same time, knowledge of the features of the effective formation of the appropriate social and psychological climate allows managers to create conditions for the professional and personal development of personnel, which results in an increase in the effectiveness of the enterprise. The purpose of the article. The purpose of the article is to study the specifics of managing the formation of the appropriate social and psychological climate in the workforce of modern enterprises for the development of recommendations for an effective personnel management strategy. Methods. The research methodology is based on the analysis of scientific literature and empirical studies in the field of human resource management, organizational psychology and sociology. Such methods of scientific knowledge as the method of analysis and synthesis, comparison, and abstraction were also used. Such a comprehensive approach made it possible to understand not only the theoretical aspects of climate management in the team, but also the practical methods of its implementation in a real business environment. Results. The article considers the key aspects of managing the formation of a favorable social and psychological climate in the collective of a modern enterprise. The key factors affecting the formation of a positive working environment are considered. Various aspects of the impact of organizational culture on the formation of a favorable working environment have been studied. The importance of effective communication between management and staff, as well as between employees, is highlighted in order to create trusting relationships and promote collective success. Different leadership styles and their impact on staff morale and motivation are analyzed. The importance of effective conflict resolution at the workplace and the development of joint problem-solving strategies has been proven. The peculiarities of the application of these approaches in ensuring sustainable growth and competitiveness of enterprises in the modern business environment are studied. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of key aspects of organizational culture, communication practices, leadership and conflict management, practical approaches to the formation of a favorable social and psychological climate in the company's team have been determined. Specific practical methods are proposed for increasing employee satisfaction, reducing staff turnover and increasing labor productivity, which contributes to the sustainable development of the enterprise in the conditions of modern business.
In the Russian science of social security law, studies appear in which individual scientists attempt to substantiate the unity of state and non-state social security and see in this a “new look” of social security law. The hypothesis put forward by them about the acquisition of a private-public nature by the industry necessitates a theoretical analysis of the essence of the paradigm of social security law and the identification of conditions for its change. The purpose of the study is to answer the question about the need to change the paradigm of Russian social security law. The objectives of the research are: consideration of the concept of a scientific paradigm from the perspective of a general scientific and industrial approach; analysis of the formation of the scientific paradigm of social security law; identifying the prerequisites for its change at the present stage of development of Russian society. The methodological basis of the study was made up of general scientific (dialectical, logical, systemic, analysis and synthesis) and special (comparative legal and formal legal) methods. The chosen approach to the study of the paradigm of social security law allowed us to state that the foundations of the scientific paradigm of this branch of law were laid in the middle of the twentieth century in the universal theory of V. S. Andreev. It was revealed that the changes in the social system that occurred were reflected in basic and particular theories, which did not become indicators of the entry of the social security law paradigm into a crisis phase. A modern view has been developed on the further development of the branch of social security law as a public law one with the recognition that related relations aimed at the social protection of citizens are regulated by other branches of law — labor, civil, etc., which is the most justified and, with strict adherence to it, is possible preservation and development of the social security system, guaranteeing citizens the right to social security.
Although Russian society is strongly connected with the countryside and has deep ‘rural roots’, agrarian issues have always been somewhat marginal in the national scientific tradition, mainly in its social-scientific branch. Today the situation seems to change due to at least two globally urgent issues - sustainable food-security patterns (agricultural production) and rural social/human capital - which increase both theoretical and practical interest to the heuristic and reform potential of the rural sociology research. To the acknowledged factors of the somewhat marginal status of rural sociology the authors add the fact that not all its conceptual foundations, especially in the national tradition, were identified and systematized. The article presents only two and a half such foundations: agricultural economics, theories of peasant agrarianism, and, partly, theory of rural-urban continuum (forgotten in its rural half and widely used to explain suburbanization trends). In the first part of the article, the authors reconstruct the historical path of agricultural economics, focusing on its creative adaptation to the specific conditions of rural Russia. At the turn of the 1920s - 1930s, the national and global political-ideological crisis of agricultural economics determined the replacement of its initial German economic-philosophical agrarian approach by the American pragmatic agricultural approach and applied farm management. In the second part of the article, the authors summarize, on the one hand, utopian, political-economic and populist ideas of agrarianism (1); on the other hand, reasons for its fair criticism which did not focus on the utopian ideas of agrarianism (rather on its being an eclectic pragmatic ideology, contradictions between its left and right wings, its negative conservative potential, lack of political experience and decisiveness, and so on). In the third part of the article, the authors reconstruct a more successful life path of the theory of ruralurban continuum, which emphasizes not so much the fundamental differences between rural and urban communities as a spatially extended rural-urban scale of community types differing by size, population density, division of labor, isolation, local solidarity, and so on. This continuum model remains extremely important for the analysis of the social development of contemporary rural areas and should be supplemented by the elements of the theory of peasant economy and cooperation in order to study comprehensively rural social and human capital.
The study's objective is to present a Marxist interpretation of American society as it is portrayed in Stephen Crane's Maggie: A Girl of the Streets. It was never going to be published because of its eccentricity. Additionally, the story shows the seedy side of life that is full of prostitution, sexual activity, and destitution; all of these things are shown in an unflattering way. Crane's portrayal of a population of impoverished Irish immigrants living in appalling conditions is a striking example of capitalist exploitation and poverty, with low wages, filthy living conditions, and an acute need for immoral activities to survive the harsh industrial revolution era. The work serves as an example of how capitalism and the decline of moral principles are intertwined. The study employs a sociological approach to examine the miserable circumstances of the characters in the novel's social background. A Marxist analysis of the current narrative underscores the detrimental effects of capitalistic monetization, including moral degradation and the dehumanizing effects of the capitalistic economic system. In order to evaluate the core data, the researcher used a qualitative descriptive approach. The supporting data, on the other hand, were gathered from books, papers, journals, internet sites, and other sources.
Recently, the value of rural Chinese areas has become increasingly prominent with the abolition of agricultural taxes, reform of rural land policy, and emphasis on rural agriculture in national policymaking. This has attracted more industrial and commercial enterprises to invest in and develop these areas, a trend known as ‘capital going to the countryside’. This has become a new phenomenon in rural China and is the empirical phenomenon on which the book focuses. Varied Attitudes Toward Insiders and Outsiders: The Social Context of Capital Going to the Countryside explores the social logic of capital going to the countryside based on an investigation of a corporate farm’s living conditions after moving to the northern Chinese countryside. Why is the industrial and commercial capital that funds agricultural operations in the countryside prone to slow progress? What difficulties and problems are prominent in these entrepreneurial farms ? What are the specific mechanisms and reasoning behind this phenomenon? These are the core issues that the book addresses. Unlike prior literature, which has attributed the failure of capital going to the countryside to issues related to supervision, incentives, and funds, Xu regards it as the bumpy interaction between external capital and rural society and summarizes it as an action logic of ‘varied attitudes toward insiders and outsiders’. In the literature review in chapter 2, Xu first examines the phenomenon of capital going to the countryside based on the macroscopic structural background of China’s urbanization model and government behavior transformation. After the tax-sharing reform, Chinese local governments’ transformation from operating businesses to operating land and the return of a significant number of resources and projects to the countryside have provided opportunities for capital to go to the countryside. Xu suggests that the outsider plight resulting from this phenomenon cannot be understood simply as a business management problem. Instead, we should probe into corporate behavior’s cultural, value, and ethical aspects and uncover the ingrained concepts behind interactions between farmers and business operators (p. 41). 1194165 ISS0010.1177/02685809231194165International SociologyReview: Economic Sociology review-article2023
Due to the fast development in economic systems in China, the change has resulted in the effects on labour relations in the Chinese economy. These economic reforms have posed a significant threat to state-owned enterprises (SOEs), forcing the government to take charge of the economy. Further, employees' interests, coastal regions, and rural areas are areas that the government has taken control of. Besides, China's entry into World Trade Organization (WTO) in the year 2001 has also had a substantial impact on the Chinese employment system. The optimum minimum wage present in the larger area differs from that of smaller regions. In addition, the lower districts have worse social protection and working conditions for workers. Despite this, the labour cost has increased in China, pushing foreign enterprises to de-localize the production unit to other neighbouring countries such as Bangladesh, Vietnam, Indonesia, or Malaysia. The Chinese communist party (CCP) is not interested in losing command over the economy and is concerned with maintaining the surplus export-oriented industry. Therefore, this research will look at how China government is taking a more decentralized and experimental approach towards solving the labour relation issues due to the changes that economic reforms have caused. Lastly, industrial relations in China have experienced a substantial alteration to the passage of time. With the absence of significant representation of unions in the enterprise, the IR in China is generally between the employer and the workers. Hence, the role of the state becomes crucial to handle the difference. Consequently, the state has adopted the experimentation and decentralized approach to address the issues, but still, the problem continues. SOEs and enterprises that have good government ties are far better with their older counterparts. This shows that significant exploitation is happening in those firms which are independent of the IR problems. Further, the article will look at the major causes of labour disputes in China and questions if the true level of labour disputes has been captured by official statistics.
Labor relations is one of the social relationships of people, appearing in the process of division of labor, and is attended by many scholars of different disciplines (politics, psychology, sociology, economics, jurisprudence ...) in the world interested in researching together with the development of industrial revolution in the 19th and 20th centuries. For Ho Chi Minh, in the process of seeking to save the country, pursue the path of independence for the nation, bring freedom and happiness to the people; including ensuring social justice, creating jobs and protecting the legitimate rights and interests of workers. Ho Chi Minh's thought on labor relations is vividly embodied in his legacy, with significance and significance in the application of the renewal of current labor relations training methods in Vietnam.
The article investigates modes of becoming of subject of work of Russian industrial engineers. Based on the data of a qualitative sociological survey of workers at Siberian industrial enterprises (the first series of focused interviews), it was concluded that the main modus for the becoming of engineers as subjects of labor is professional self-improvement through overcoming their specific institutional constraints in working life: outdated equipment, lack of spare parts, non-core tasks and lack of time. A common social practice, in line with which this development is procedurally unfolding, is the design of new products and spare parts largely for the needs of the production itself at the enterprise, rather than for the product market, from improvised, old and used materials and aggregates, which leads to downtime and reduced productivity, and at the structural level is expressed in maintaining the status quo situation in the enterprise – the productive force of the staff is spent on extensive maintenance of production capacity , is used idle – part of it is directed to the development of production, its modernization and increase of qualitative and quantitative indicators of products, the production of new types of products of labor. The situation is characterized by the asynchronous nature of the mechanism of production functioning at enterprises: while improving personal professional qualities at the expense of ingenuity and resourcefulness, engineers, nevertheless, are not able to eliminate the technological lag of production from the needs of industry in the volume and quality of goods. The mechanism of becoming a subject is studied through the prism of a semiotic analysis of the speech practices of the subjects of labor as a discursive designation by engineers of the real sphere of production relations in a language. The institute of labor is considered as an aggregate discourse space about production relations. The subject is represented as originating at the intersection of two main social institutions – language and labor – as becoming subject in the space of shifting and transition “from temptation of the real – through the symbolic – to the phantasmic” and back.