This paper continues the study of cluster algebras initiated in math.RT/0104151. Its main result is the complete classification of the cluster algebras of finite type, i.e., those with finitely many clusters. This classification turns out to be identical to the Cartan-Killing classification of semisimple Lie algebras and finite root systems, which is intriguing since in most cases, the symmetry exhibited by the Cartan-Killing type of a cluster algebra is not at all apparent from its geometric origin. The combinatorial structure behind a cluster algebra of finite type is captured by its cluster complex. We identify this complex as the normal fan of a generalized associahedron introduced and studied in hep-th/0111053 and math.CO/0202004. Another essential combinatorial ingredient of our arguments is a new characterization of the Dynkin diagrams.
We continue the study of cluster algebras initiated in math.RT/0104151 and math.RA/0208229. We develop a new approach based on the notion of an upper cluster algebra, defined as an intersection of certain Laurent polynomial rings. Strengthening the Laurent phenomenon from math.RT/0104151, we show that, under an assumption of "acyclicity", a cluster algebra coincides with its "upper" counterpart, and is finitely generated. In this case, we also describe its defining ideal, and construct a standard monomial basis. We prove that the coordinate ring of any double Bruhat cell in a semisimple complex Lie group is naturally isomorphic to the upper cluster algebra explicitly defined in terms of relevant combinatorial data.
This is a sequel to arXiv:2509.05805 [math.RT], where we have determined the $11$-modular projective indecomposable summands of the permutation character of $J_4$ on the cosets of an $11'$-subgroup of maximal order, amongst them the projective cover of the trivial module, up to a certain parameter. Here, we fix this parameter, by applying a new condensation method for induced modules which uses enumeration techniques for long orbits.
Weak unipotence of primitive ideals is a crucial property in the study of unitary representations of reductive groups. We establish a sufficient condition, referred to as mild unipotence, which guarantees weak unipotence and is more accessible in practice. We establish mild unipotence for both the $q$-unipotent ideals defined by McGovern and unipotent ideals attached to nilpotent orbit covers defined by Losev-Mason-Brown-Matvieievskyi (arXiv:2108.03453 [math.RT]). Our proof is conceptual and uses the bijection between special orbits in type $D$ and metaplectic special orbits in type $C$ found by Barbasch-Ma-Sun-Zhu (arXiv:2010.16089 [math.RT]) in an essential way.
Let $G \leq \operatorname{SL}_3(\mathbb{C})$ be a non-trivial finite group, acting on $R = \mathbb{C}[x_1, x_2, x_3]$. We continue our investigation from arXiv:2505.10683 [math.RT] into when the resulting skew-group algebra $R \ast G$ is a $3$-preprojective algebra of a $2$-representation infinite algebra, defined by a so-called cut. We consider the subgroups arising from $\operatorname{GL}_2(\mathbb{C}) \hookrightarrow \operatorname{SL}_3(\mathbb{C})$, called type (B), as well as the exceptional subgroups, called types (E) -- (L). For groups of type (B), we show that a $3$-preprojective cut exists on $R \ast G$ if and only if $G$ is not isomorphic to a subgroup of $\operatorname{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$ or $\operatorname{PSL}_2(\mathbb{C})$. For groups $G$ of the remaining types (E) -- (L), every $R \ast G$ admits a $3$-preprojective cut, except for type (H) and (I). To prove our results for type (B), we explore how the notion of isoclinism interacts with the shape of McKay quivers. We compute the McKay quivers in detail, using a knitting-style heuristic. For the exceptional subgroups, we compute the McKay quivers directly, as well as cuts, and we discuss how this task can be done algorithmically. This provides many new examples of $2$-representation infinite algebras, and together with arXiv:2401.10720 [math.RT], arXiv:2505.10683 [math.RT] completes the classification of finite subgroups of $\operatorname{SL}_3(\mathbb{C})$ for which $R \ast G$ is a $3$-preprojective algebra.
This paper is a part of the series proving the Gaiotto conjecture for basic classical quantum supergroups. The previous part arXiv:2107.02653 [math.RT] , arXiv:2306.09556 [math.RT], proved the Gaiotto conjecture for the general linear quantum supergroups $U_q(\mathfrak{gl}(N|M))$. Here we deal with the exceptional quantum supergroup $U_q(\mathfrak{f}(4))$.
The correspondence between four-dimensional $${\mathcal {N}}=2$$ N = 2 superconformal field theories and vertex operator algebras, when applied to theories of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$ S , leads to a rich family of VOAs that have been given the monicker chiral algebras of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$ S . A remarkably uniform construction of these vertex operator algebras has been put forward by Tomoyuki Arakawa in Arakawa (Chiral algebras of class $${\mathcal {S}}$$ S and Moore–Tachikawa symplectic varieties, 2018. arXiv:1811.01577 [math.RT]). The construction of Arakawa (2018) takes as input a choice of simple Lie algebra $${\mathfrak {g}}$$ g , and applies equally well regardless of whether $${\mathfrak {g}}$$ g is simply laced or not. In the non-simply laced case, however, the resulting VOAs do not correspond in any clear way to known four-dimensional theories. On the other hand, the standard realisation of class $${{{\mathcal {S}}}}$$ S theories involving non-simply laced symmetry algebras requires the inclusion of outer automorphism twist lines, and this requires a further development of the approach of Arakawa (2018). In this paper, we give an account of those further developments and propose definitions of most chiral algebras of class $${{{\mathcal {S}}}}$$ S with outer automorphism twist lines. We show that our definition passes some consistency checks and point out some important open problems.
We prove a tamely ramified version of the Kazhdan-Lusztig equivalence using factorization algebras. More precisely, we establish an equivalence between the DG category of Iwahori-integrable affine Lie algebra representations and the DG category of representations of the"mixed"quantum group. This confirms a conjecture by D. Gaitsgory in arXiv:1810.09054 [math.RT].
We provide an equivalence between the category of affine, smooth group schemes over the ring of generalized dual numbers $k[I]$, and the category of extensions of the form $1 \to \text{Lie}(G, I) \to E \to G \to 1$ where G is an affine, smooth group scheme over k. Here k is an arbitrary commutative ring and $k[I] = k \oplus I$ with $I^2 = 0$. The equivalence is given by Weil restriction, and we provide a quasi-inverse which we call Weil extension. It is compatible with the exact structures and the $\mathbb{O}_k$-module stack structures on both categories. Our constructions rely on the use of the group algebra scheme of an affine group scheme; we introduce this object and establish its main properties. As an application, we establish a Dieudonné classification for smooth, commutative, unipotent group schemes over $k[I]$.
The purpose of this research was to determine the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students taught by reciprocal teaching models with an intellectually repetition model in SMP N 6 Kota Solok. This type of research is a quasy experiment with a randomized control group only design. Test instruments the ability to understand mathematical concepts. Based on the test result obtained the average ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students by reciprocal teaching model 81,66 by auditory intellectually repetition model 77,75 and ordinary learning 73,91. Hypothesis testing indicated that the ability to understand the mathematical concepts of students by reciprocal teaching model and the auditory intellectually repetition model were higher than the ordinary learning model. Beside it, it was also concluded that there were difference in the ability to understand mathematical concepts with reciprocal teaching model and auditory intellectually repetition model.
Schur process is a time-dependent analog of the Schur measure on partitions studied in math.RT/9907127. Our first result is that the correlation functions of the Schur process are determinants with a kernel that has a nice contour integral representation in terms of the parameters of the process. This general result is then applied to a particular specialization of the Schur process, namely to random 3-dimensional Young diagrams. The local geometry of a large random 3-dimensional diagram is described in terms of a determinantal point process on a 2-dimensional lattice with the incomplete beta function kernel (which generalizes the discrete sine kernel). A brief discussion of the universality of this answer concludes the paper.
Abstract We prove that in a 2-Calabi–Yau triangulated category, each cluster tilting subcategory is Gorenstein with all its finitely generated projectives of injective dimension at most one. We show that the stable category of its Cohen–Macaulay modules is 3-Calabi–Yau. We deduce in particular that cluster-tilted algebras are Gorenstein of dimension at most one, and hereditary if they are of finite global dimension. Our results also apply to the stable (!) endomorphism rings of maximal rigid modules of [Christof Geis, Bernard Leclerc, Jan Schroer, Rigid modules over preprojective algebras, arXiv: math.RT/0503324 , Invent. Math., in press]. In addition, we prove a general result about relative 3-Calabi–Yau duality over non-stable endomorphism rings. This strengthens and generalizes the Ext-group symmetries obtained in [Christof Geis, Bernard Leclerc, Jan Schroer, Rigid modules over preprojective algebras, arXiv: math.RT/0503324 , Invent. Math., in press] for simple modules. Finally, we generalize the results on relative Calabi–Yau duality from 2-Calabi–Yau to d-Calabi–Yau categories. We show how to produce many examples of d-cluster tilted algebras.
Let G be a connected reductive algebraic group over an algebraically closed field k, with simply connected derived subgroup. The exotic t-structure on the cotangent bundle of its flag variety T^*(G/B), originally introduced by Bezrukavnikov, has been a key tool for a number of major results in geometric representation theory, including the proof of the graded Finkelberg-Mirkovic conjecture. In this paper, we study (under mild technical assumptions) an analogous t-structure on the cotangent bundle of a partial flag variety T^*(G/P). As an application, we prove a parabolic analogue of the Arkhipov-Bezrukavnikov-Ginzburg equivalence. When the characteristic of k is larger than the Coxeter number, we deduce an analogue of the graded Finkelberg-Mirkovic conjecture for some singular blocks.
Mathematical literacy is more than the ability to calculate. It is the ability to reason quantitatively, the ability to use numbers to clarify issues and to support or refute opinions. Yet the proliferation of arithmetic courses at the college level is evidence that people are not learning even basic computation skills in school. Too many adults cannot use numbers effectively in their daily lives. This article will briefly examine the causes of this situation and will outline a basic arithmetic course that not only teaches adults math effectively, but raises their political consciousness and empowers them to analyze and question the status quo, and to fight back.
The main motivation for the study of cluster algebras initiated in math.RT/0104151, math.RA/0208229 and math.RT/0305434 was to design an algebraic framework for understanding total positivity and canonical bases in semisimple algebraic groups. In this paper, we introduce and explicitly construct the canonical basis for a special family of cluster algebras of rank 2.