Abstract Anxiety and depression are significant concerns among antenatal women in Bangladesh. Despite the critical need for tailored mental health care in health facilities, studies on these symptoms in this demographic remain lacking. Therefore, our study aimed to assess the levels, distribution, and associated factors of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their co-occurrence among women seeking antenatal care at a public healthcare facility in Bangladesh. We conducted a cross-sectional study between May 2024, and June 2024, among women seeking antenatal care (ANC) care in Durgapur Upazila Health Complex, a primary-level public health facility in Bangladesh. Among 640 women who received ANC care, 638 participated in the study. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and anxiety symptoms were assessed by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were conducted to determine factors contributing to depressive and anxiety symptoms. About 39% of participants had depressive symptoms and 50% had anxiety symptoms, with 26% experiencing both simultaneously. No participants had severe overall depressive or anxiety symptoms. PHQ-9 data indicated half experienced daily fatigue, while GAD-7 data showed over half experienced daily nervousness and two-fifths had daily fears. Women in the second and third trimesters had 43% (aOR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.36–0.89) and 58% (aOR: 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24–0.71) lower odds of depressive symptoms compared to those in the first trimester respectively. Women with 11 years or more education had 40% (aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.38–0.94) lower odds of anxiety. Additionally, women in the second and third trimesters had 40% (aOR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.37–0.97) and 49% (aOR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.29–0.91) lower likelihood of co-occurrence compared to those in the first trimester and women with 6–10 years of education had 48% (aOR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.34–0.79) and those with 11 or more years had 52% (aOR: 0.48, 95% CI: 0.29–0.81) lower likelihood of co-occurring depressive and anxiety symptoms compared to women with 5 years or less education. Our study found a high prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among antenatal care seekers, with notable co-occurrence of these conditions. Given these findings, there is an urgent need for targeted mental health support for these women, especially those in their first trimester and those with limited education.
We provide a description of the fundamental group of the quotient of a product of topological spaces X i, each admitting a universal cover, by a finite group G, provided that there is only a finite number of path-connected components in X g i for every g ∈ G. This generalizes previous work of Bauer-Catanese-Grunewald-Pignatelli and Dedieu-Perroni.
We investigate security properties
of the Anshel–Anshel–Goldfeld commutator key-establishment protocol
[Math. Res. Lett. 6 (1999), 287–291]
used with certain polycyclic groups described by Eick and Kahrobaei
[http://arxiv.org/abs/math.GR/0411077].
We show that despite low success of the length based attack shown
by Garber, Kahrobaei and Lam
[J. Math. Crypt. 9 (2015), 33–43]
the protocol can be broken by a deterministic polynomial-time algorithm.
We consider a generalization of the uniform word-based distribution for finitely generated subgroups of a free group. In our setting, the number of generators is not fixed, the length of each generator is determined by a random variable with some simple constraints and the distribution of words of a fixed length is specified by a Markov process. We show by probabilistic arguments that under rather relaxed assumptions, the good properties of the uniform word-based distribution are preserved: generically (but maybe not exponentially generically), the tuple we pick is a basis of the subgroup it generates, this subgroup is malnormal and the group presentation defined by this tuple satisfies a small cancellation condition.
Let $P(H)$ be the power set of $H$. Consider $\ds P^*(H)=P(H)\setminus\{\phi\}$. A hyperoperation on a nonempty set $H$ is a function $\ds\circledast:H\times H\rightarrow P^*(H).$ A set $H$ endowed with a family $\Gamma$ of hyperoperations is called ahyperstructure. Hyperstructures have many applications to several sectors of both pure and applied sciences. One of the well developed hyperstructures is the hyper BCI-algebra. Recently, by following this hyperstructure, a new hyperstructure was created by Indangan et al., named as hyper GR-algebras. In this paper, fuzzy set and intuitionistic fuzzy set are applied to hyper GR-algebra. Particularly, the fuzzy hyper GR-ideal of type 1 and the intuitionistic fuzzy hyper GR-ideal are introduced, and a relationship between them are obtained. Moreover, some of their characterizations are established by the use of their level subsets.Â
Ramises G. Manzano, Jr., Gaudencio C. Petalcorin, Jr.
This study is based on the structure of pseudo hyper GR-algebra, analgebra that is partially related on some class of hyper BCI-algebras.This allows us to create a new structure and how this two algebrasare related to each other. A pseudo hyper GR-algebra involves twohyper operations and a set of axioms that come in pairs or a combina-tion of both making it interesting like some algebras established. Thispaper focuses on some properties of pseudo hyper GR-algebras and itsideals. Moreover, pseudo hyper GR-ideals were dened and classied todetermine their relationship to each other.