In the context of the digital economy driving China's high-quality development, the digital transformation of rural industries is of great significance for coordinated urban-rural development and rural revitalization. Various regions have actively implemented the "High-Quality Development Project for Hundreds of Counties, Thousands of Towns, and Tens of Thousands of Villages," achieving initial successes in the integration of agriculture, culture, and tourism industries as well as in rural revitalization. By constructing diversified industrial systems and establishing industrial alliances, some regions have seen significant investments in multiple agricultural and cultural tourism projects from January to October 2024, creating distinctive brands and promoting a number of enterprises to scale up and integrate into the statistical system, thereby enhancing industrial scale and standardization. However, rural digital development still faces challenges such as insufficient elements for industrial integration, lagging digital infrastructure, and inadequate empowerment of digital inclusive finance. To address these issues, local governments have built digital financial sharing platforms by improving residents' digital literacy, strengthening the integration of digital assets and finance, and fostering cooperation among financial entities, thereby supporting the digital development of rural industries. This paper analyzes the development status, mechanisms, problems, and solutions in some regions, aiming to provide references for other areas to promote rural revitalization and common prosperity.
Afghanistan's predominantly rural population faces severe economic and social challenges, such as poverty, unemployment, and migration to urban areas due to over-reliance on agriculture. This study explores the role of rural industries in addressing these issues by examining their potential to improve economic conditions in rural areas and their contribution to the national economy. It also identifies the primary challenges to developing these industries and proposes strategies for overcoming them. Findings suggest that rural industries have the potential to reduce poverty, create employment, and increase household income, contributing significantly to Afghanistan’s rural development. However, inadequate infrastructure, limited investment, and market access remain substantial barriers. This study aims to examine the role of rural industries in the development of rural areas and their impact on Afghanistan's national economy. Additionally, it seeks to identify the challenges and opportunities for developing these industries and propose strategies for improving their current state. In this study, I aim to address the following questions: What role do rural industries play in the economic development of rural areas in Afghanistan? What are the major challenges to the development of rural industries in Afghanistan? And how can the potential of rural industries be harnessed to strengthen the national economy?, This review study utilizes both analytical and descriptive approaches and relies on credible scientific sources and field data. The information collected includes academic articles, government reports, and statistical data related to rural industries in Afghanistan. Data analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically, focusing on the economic, social, and environmental impacts of rural industries. The findings indicate that the development of rural industries can significantly improve the economy of Afghanistan's rural areas. These industries, by creating employment opportunities, increasing income, and reducing poverty, play a key role in strengthening the national economy. Additionally, the identification of challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and insufficient investment highlights the primary barriers to the development of rural industries in the country.
Abstract The economic and cultural benefits of traditional Chinese villages are becoming increasingly apparent. Their spatial distribution characteristics play a significant role in promoting China’s rural revitalization and reviving national culture. Our study selected 826 traditional villages in the Yuan River Basin (YRB) area and used the nearest neighbor index, geographical concentration, and kernel density estimation methods to reveal the spatial distribution pattern and the spatial distribution differences of said villages. We used a geodetector to quantify the natural, economic, and cultural factors influencing the spatial pattern of traditional villages and measured their interactions. The results showed that (1) the spatial distribution of traditional villages in the YRB is characterized by obvious regional and ethnic agglomerations, forming a spatial distribution pattern of “two nuclei, one belt, and many points”. In terms of ethnicity, we found that the Han Chinese predominantly resided in the lowlands along the main valley of the Yuan River, while ethnic minorities inhabited both sides of the mountainous areas. (2) The number and proportion of minority populations, the proportion of primary industries, the slope of the terrain, the urbanization rate, and the proximity of water significantly influenced the spatial distribution of traditional villages in the YRB. These factors had different effects on different ethnic traditional villages, exacerbating the spatial agglomeration of each village. (3) Cross-detection revealed that the spatial distribution pattern of the YRB’s traditional villages emerged through three phases: layout, evolution in distribution, and retention patterns, shaped by natural, economic, and social factors. Through this study, we were able to quantify the influences of the natural environment, the economy, and culture on the distribution of traditional villages. In uncovering the spatial distribution patterns of traditional villages and the characteristics of ethnic agglomeration at the watershed scale, we have laid the foundation for the scientific research and protection of traditional villages in multi-ethnic areas of the YRB.
History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, Social Sciences
Despite the exceptional importance of the grain industry in both the global and national economies, a number of systemic problems still persist at the regional level in Ukraine, hindering productivity growth and reducing the profitability of the sector. Grain production forms the foundation of food security, constitutes a significant share of agricultural exports, supports rural employment, and promotes the development of related industries – livestock farming, food processing, and manufacturing. At the same time, the efficiency of its functioning remains vulnerable to a complex set of natural, economic, and organizational factors. The leading among them are climatic conditions, soil quality and fertility, the level of material and technical support, the use of modern innovative agricultural technologies, and the adaptation of farms to the challenges of climate change. The article summarizes the results of studies concerning the relationship between the yield of grain crops and the efficiency of using natural, labor, and production resources. The focus is placed on the influence of crop management systems, as well as ecological and socio-economic factors that determine the spatial differentiation of productivity. The role of climate change, soil degradation processes, farming intensity, and institutional prerequisites for sectoral development are highlighted. Using Lviv region as a case study, the main factors causing differences in grain yield are outlined, and limiting conditions influencing productivity are identified. Special attention is paid to climate forecasts that indicate an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events, changes in the length of the growing season, and rising risks to production stability. These trends require the adaptation of agrotechnologies, optimization of crop structure, and the implementation of resource-saving and soil-protective practices. The results of the conducted analysis make it possible to substantiate a set of recommendations aimed at improving the yield and efficiency of the regional grain industry. Their implementation will contribute to strengthening the competitiveness of agricultural production, enhancing the sustainability of agroecosystems, and ensuring the food security of the state amid ongoing climatic and economic transformations.
Data have become a virtual factor of production, and when integrated with the traditional factors of labor, capital, and land form digital labor, digital capital, and digital land, thereby generating a multiplier effect that contributes to the comprehensive revitalization of rural areas. This paper utilizes panel data from 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China from 2013 to 2023 and employs a double machine learning model to empirically test the impact mechanism of rural digitalization on the integration of rural industries. The results indicate that digital villages significantly promote the integrated development of rural industries through three direct pathways—digital industry development, digital information infrastructure, and digital service levels—with this conclusion remaining valid after a series of robustness tests. A mechanism analysis shows that digital villages facilitate the integration of rural industries through three indirect pathways—alleviating urban–rural factor mismatches, adjusting the agricultural–industrial structure, and promoting agricultural technological advancement—with this conclusion still valid after various robustness tests. The heterogeneity results show that there is significant variability in how digital villages promote the development of integrated rural industries, with the effects being more pronounced in major grain-producing and eastern regions compared to non-major grain-producing and central-western regions. Based on this, this paper proposes policy recommendations focused on accelerating digital village construction, formulating differentiated strategies, and alleviating factor mismatches, aiming to provide references for achieving rural revitalization. We mainly propose countermeasures and suggestions from three aspects: digital dividend, differentiation strategy, and element mismatch. Our main purpose in writing this article is to make up for the shortcomings of existing theories, enrich the theoretical system of digital rural construction, contribute Chinese solutions for digital rural construction around the world, and improve the word’s level of digital rural construction.
The rapid development of China’s digital economy has promoted the digital transformation of Chinese society and become a new driving force for China’s social development. Furthermore, increasing farmers’ income is the central task of China’s “three rural issues” project, and the integrated development of primary, secondary, and tertiary rural industries is an important way to revitalize rural industries and broaden farmers’ income channels, so it is very important to promote the integrated development of rural industries. In the context of the rapid development of China’s digital economy, it is of great significance to study how the digital economy promotes the integration of rural industries. Therefore, this study analyzed how China’s digital economy promotes the integration of rural industries by using the panel data and regression models of 30 provinces (municipalities and districts) in China from 2011 to 2021. The results show that (1) there is a significant positive relationship between the development level of the digital economy and the level of rural–industrial integration and that the development of the digital economy promotes the process of rural–industrial integration; (2) intermediary effect analysis shows that as the digital economy promotes rural–industrial integration, scientific and technological innovation levels and rural human capital are important intermediary channels; and (3) spatial analysis shows that the development of the digital economy can not only promote the integration of rural industries in the province but also have a positive spatial spillover effect on neighboring provinces. Therefore, it is necessary to create a good atmosphere for the development of the digital economy, constantly promote the development of the digital economy, pay attention to scientific and technological innovation and rural talent training, and promote the integration and coordinated development of the digital economy and rural industries between regions in order to improve the level of rural–industrial integration and contribute to the rural revitalization strategy.
Improving agricultural total factor productivity is crucial for comprehensive rural revitalization and building a strong agricultural nation. Digital inclusive finance amalgamates the benefits of digital technology and inclusive finance, mitigating financial exclusion in agricultural production. It fosters rural revitalization and the modernization of agriculture by bolstering farmers’ innovation, entrepreneurship, and agricultural technology advancements. Consequently, it significantly enhances overall agricultural total factor productivity. This study uses panel data from 2011 to 2020 to empirically investigate the impact and mechanism of digital inclusive finance on agricultural total factor productivity in Zhejiang Province, China. The research results show that digital inclusive finance significantly enhances agricultural total factor productivity in Zhejiang Province, which holds true even after a series of robustness tests. Analysis of the mechanism reveals that the integrated development of rural industries plays a crucial mediating role in empowering agricultural total factor productivity through digital inclusive finance. Furthermore, heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive effect of digital inclusive finance on agricultural total factor productivity is more pronounced in the northeastern region of Zhejiang Province and in areas ranked in the second tier of agricultural development. Therefore, we recommend comprehensively enhancing the development of digital inclusive finance in rural areas, fostering a financial ecosystem that integrates rural industries, promoting the coordinated development of digital inclusive finance in different regions, and comprehensively improving agricultural total factor productivity.
The integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas, known as three-industry integration, is a crucial strategy for developing rural industries and implementing the rural revitalization initiative in China. The government’s fiscal support for agriculture serves as a cornerstone for the sustainable development of agriculture and rural regions. This study investigates the mechanisms through which fiscal support for agriculture facilitates the integration of the rural three-industry sectors by driving industrial innovation, enhancing the circulation of production factors, and optimizing resource utilization in rural areas. Using panel data from 30 provinces in China spanning from 2008 to 2020, we evaluate the level of three-industry integration in rural areas using an entropy method and analyze the effects of fiscal support for agriculture on this integration. Our findings reveal that: (1) fiscal support for agriculture significantly promotes the incorporated development of rural three-industry integration in China by acting as a catalyst for horizontal and vertical integration; (2) fiscal support enhances rural infrastructure quality, fosters market connectivity, and attracts business clusters, while also optimizing factor markets and facilitating the efficient allocation of land, finance, and resources, thereby enabling new business entities, such as leading enterprises, to benefit from economies of scale and to expand the rural industrial value chain; (3) the effects of fiscal support for agriculture exhibit significant regional and agricultural development heterogeneity, with Central China and major agricultural provinces demonstrating the most pronounced role in promoting rural three-industry integration.
Rural industrial integration refers to the process of relying on technological innovation and industrial model innovation to promote the optimal allocation of factors such as land, capital, and labor in rural areas, promote the optimization of a rural industrial structure, rural property rights stability, agricultural and rural development, and ultimately achieve the extension of the agricultural industry chain and improvements in farmers’ income levels. In order to grasp the mechanism of digital economy and rural land certification on rural industrial integration, this paper analyzes the impact of digital economy development and rural land certification on rural industrial integration based on the 2011–2021 panel data of the Yangtze River Economic Belt at the municipal level. Research has shown the following. (1) The early development of the digital economy significantly promoted the integration of rural industries. After overcoming the turning point of the digital economy, the digital economy has a restraining effect on the integration of rural industries; in terms of controlling variables, the education level of rural residents, regional economic development level, per capita disposable income of rural residents, and rural power generation all significantly promote the process of rural industrial integration. (2) Rural land certification has played a positive transmission role by confirming, reviewing, and registering land ownership in accordance with the law, clarifying the ownership of land rights, providing a stable property rights foundation for rural industrial integration, and effectively promoting rural industrial integration. (3) The impact of the digital economy on rural industrial integration has a single threshold effect, and after crossing the threshold value of a rural population, the positive impact of the digital economy on industrial integration is more significant. (4) The development of the digital economy has significantly improved the integration level of rural industries in this region and neighboring areas. The above conclusions have important policy implications for further leveraging the digital economy to promote the integration of rural industries and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.
Rural industrial integration is the key to promoting the development of rural industrial restructuring and modernization, and plays a vital role in improving agricultural economic resilience. Based on the evaluation index system of agricultural economic resilience and the level of rural industrial integration development, respectively, this paper uses panel data from 30 provincial administrative regions in China from 2000 to 2020 to empirically test the impact of rural industrial integration development on agricultural economic resilience by using an individual fixed-effects model and a mediating-effects model. The results show that rural industrial integration significantly contributes to enhancing agricultural economic resilience, and the conclusion still holds after a series of robustness tests. There is dimensional and regional heterogeneity in the impact of rural industrial integration on agricultural economic resilience, and the strength of the promotion effect by dimension is in the order of adaptive adjustment capacity, transformation and innovation capacity, and resilience to recovery capacity. In the eastern and central regions, the promotion effect of rural industrial integration on agricultural economic resilience is more significant. In the main food-producing areas, the promotion effect of rural industrial integration on resilience to recovery is significantly slighter than that of non-food-producing regions. Mechanism analysis indicates that regional industrial structure optimization is an essential channel for rural industrial integration to enhance the resilience of the agricultural economy. On this basis, in order to strengthen agricultural economic resilience, provinces should actively explore differentiated industrial integration policies to enhance industrial structure optimization and upgrading, stimulate agricultural economic vitality, and foster the development of China’s agricultural modernization.
Strengthening urban–rural linkages (URLs) has been proposed by UN-Habitat within the framework of ‘Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)’ to narrow down urban–rural differences via shaping new urban–rural relationships. Like URL, the aim of urban–rural integration (URI) has been promoted by the Chinese government since 2019 to address existing urban–rural divides. This concept underlines the ‘rural revitalisation’ strategy and emphasises a two-way flow of urban–rural development factors. Introducing and upgrading ‘appropriate’ rural industries is crucial to stimulate and facilitate the circulation of urban–rural development factors. This research studied three neighbouring villages, situated in urban–rural interface areas in Huangyan-Taizhou, China, each driven by different types of small industries supported by URI. It analyses the impact of small rural industries on the flow of development factors between urban and rural areas. The results showed that small-scale rural industries have been enhanced URL by decreasing urban–rural differences by creating new job opportunities to attract an in-flow population, increasing investments, and upgrading public services and infrastructure. Indigenous industries demonstrated lower profitability but exhibited greater resilience compared to industries linked to global production chains and rural tourism. Thus, this study demonstrates the imperative to carefully consider the opportunities and potential risks associated with pursuing strategies of URI through rural industry development. By providing empirical insights from URI projects in China, this study contributes to theoretical and policy dialogues concerning the concepts of both URL and URI by exploring the localization of SDGs. Furthermore, it offers valuable practical knowledge and experience for other global regions confronting similar challenges to urban and rural development.
This study explores the role of rural industries in addressing these issues by examining their potential to improve economic conditions in rural areas and their contribution to the national economy. This study aims to examine the role of rural industries in the development of rural areas and their impact on Afghanistan's national economy. Additionally, it seeks to identify the challenges and opportunities for developing these industries and propose strategies for improving their current state. In this study, I aim to address the following questions: What role do rural industries play in the economic development of rural areas in Afghanistan? What are the major challenges to the development of rural industries in Afghanistan? And how can the potential of rural industries be harnessed to strengthen the national economy? This review study utilizes both analytical and descriptive approaches and relies on credible scientific sources and field data. The information collected includes academic articles, government reports, and statistical data related to rural industries in Afghanistan. Data analysis is conducted descriptively and analytically, focusing on the economic, social, and environmental impacts of rural industries. The findings indicate that the development of rural industries can significantly improve the economy of Afghanistan's rural areas. These industries, by creating employment opportunities, increasing income, and reducing poverty, play a key role in strengthening the national economy.
Tourism has become one of the biggest industries in the world [1]. And island tourism has been a popular travel choice in recent years. As an important island tourism area, Zhoushan has become an important industry for regional economic development due to its unique island customs and cultural charm. In 2021, China has entered the period of the 14th Five Year Plan, which is also a period of solidly promoting common prosperity. Based on the perspective of the strategy of common prosperity, this study investigates Dongji Island in Zhoushan City, analyzes the current situation and problems of its tourism industry development, explores the industrial advantages of Dongji Island, and explores the development path of rural tourism in Dongji Island to promote rural revitalization. Corresponding island common prosperity strategies are proposed from multiple aspects such as improving the industrial chain and “tourism+”, in order to pave the way for industrial prosperity and people’s prosperity to seek benefits from the sea, To achieve common development of rural tourism and rural revitalization in Dongji Island
Compost technology is an advanced technology that involves the transformation of organic materials and organic waste/sludge into organic manures/fertilizers. This method was locally applied by many rural farmers in northwestern Nigeria long ago. It has been used by farmers as the best method for soil quality and soil fertility management in dryland and fadama areas of the region. This research paper was built to provide scientific advances in common compost methods in northwestern Nigeria. Approximately twelve (12) different methods were surveyed and explained based on cultural practices and scientific theories. These composting methods include dumping, hole-gathering, burning, container-packed, open-build, farm-tunnel, pond-manure, lake-fill-in, irrigated-bed-in, home-bin, farm-cattle and sheet-composting methods. These sets of methods were provided with specific instructions, fundamentals and theoretical justifications. There have been broad advances in how these methods can be used to generate revenues, create jobs, ensure safe and well-frained environments, improve food security and decrease or to some extent control the spread of malaria and other related human diseases in northwestern Nigeria. This study provides suggestions for better use of organic materials/sludge, development of bioorganic fertilizer industries, and continued revision of sustainable agricultural management with negative chemicals.
The integration of rural industries will inevitably lead to new business forms and new models, which put forward new requirements for traditional agricultural finance. The development of digital inclusive finance will provide new momentum for the integration of rural industries. Based on the provincial panel data from 2011 to 2020, the evaluation index system is constructed from three dimensions: industrial integration method, integration subject and integration format, and the development index of rural industrial integration is calculated. This paper establishes double fixed effect model and intermediary effect model to test the effect and path of digital inclusive finance on the integration of rural industries, and further explores the regulatory role and spatial difference of financial support. The results show that: (1) The integration of rural industries shows a growing trend, the eastern region develops more rapidly, while the central and western regions develop more slowly; (2) The digital inclusive finance can promote the integration of rural industries, digitization degree is remarkable, but coverage breadth and using depth are not significant, increasing the rate of per capita electricity consumption and urbanization can promote the integration of rural industries, consumption has limited pulling effect on the integration of rural industries, the per capita investment in fixed assets has no significant effects on the integration of rural industries; (3) The financial availability and the agricultural digitization play a complete intermediary effect; (4) Financial support has a negative moderating effect on the relationship between the two; (5) The eastern and central regions have a significant promoting effect, while the western region has a negative effect.
The convergence of rural primary, secondary, and tertiary industries is an effective way to establish a modern rural industrial system. The digital transformation of rural industries is a new idea to promote high-quality converged development. This paper focuses on the converged development of China’s rural industries, trying to explore the impact of digitalization on the high-quality converged development of China’s rural industries. Firstly, the mechanisms of digitalization driving rural industrial convergence are revealed. Secondly, we use panel data of 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) in China from 2011 to 2020 to empirically test the impact of digitalization on rural industrial convergence. Finally, considering the regional differences in industrial structure, the non-linear impact of digitalization on rural industrial convergence is examined. The results indicate digitalization has a significant positive effect on rural industrial convergence, and the impact of the latter has a dual threshold effect with regional heterogeneity based on industrial structure. Therefore, it is suggested to accelerate the construction of digital infrastructure, strengthen digital application, promote regional coordinated development, and improve the institutional system, which are expected to contribute to a deeper connection between digitalization and rural industries.
The rural industry is the foundation for promoting farmers' income and rural development, and adhering to the green development of the rural industry is the internal requirement for comprehensively promoting Rural Revitalization Strategy (RRS) in China. Firstly, the article explains the three aspects of China's rural eco-industries' development logic: the rural eco-industries have the historical inevitability of action under the Ecological Civilization (EC), academic rationality of development under the theory of urban-rural integration development, and strategic action under ecological poverty alleviation. Secondly, it establishes the six components of the Chinese rural eco-eco-industries' scientific connotation: one guiding concept, three theoretical foundations, three development carriers, two practical paths, a 3*3 development model, and two fundamental goals. Thirdly, Suggestions to encourage the development of rural eco-industry in the three dimensions of "space, organization, and subject" from primary mode to advanced mode.
In China, rural homesteads are strategic elements for coordinating the people and land resources relationship between urban and rural regions and are powerful means for increasing the property income of farmers. The rural homestead transfer issue has always concerned policymakers. In this paper, the risk system theory framework is employed to identify risk source (risk perception), risk control (the control measures and institutions), and risk receptor (farmers’ characteristics) to explore farmers’ intentions towards rural homestead transfer from the perspective of first- and second-order observation. The results demonstrate that farmers’ intentions are significantly affected by risk source from first-order observation, and risk control and risk receptor from second-order observation. The heterogeneity of outcomes is examined by grouping of ages and regions of sampled farmers. It is suggested that the risk perception needs of farmers should be respected, land tenure of rural homesteads should be tightly protected, and farmers’ characteristics should be of great concern. Moreover, more attention should be paid to idle homesteads, and full advantage taken of rural resources to develop featured rural industries.