Hasil untuk "Hungary"

Sudheesh Parathakkatt, Vaisakh Kizhuveetil, Gokul G. K. et al.

Worm-like micelles (WLMs) are dynamic, self-assembling supramolecular structures that exhibit complex viscoelastic behaviour due to their ability to undergo reversible scission, fusion, branching, and sequence rearrangement. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent theoretical advances in modelling WLM rheology, from classical reptation–scission theories to modern stochastic simulations and multi-scale population-balance frameworks. A central challenge addressed is the rheological indistinguishability of competing models under linear conditions, which renders inverse modelling ill-posed and necessitates the integration of experimental data, such as cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM), small-angle neutron scattering (SANS), and flow birefringence, to constrain theoretical predictions. The article further explores the limitations of conventional models in capturing nonlinear responses, including shear banding and extensional strain hardening, and emphasizes the need for spatially resolved, structurally informed constitutive equations. Emerging tools, including neural networks and hybrid modular frameworks, are identified as promising solutions for bridging microscopic rearrangement dynamics with macroscopic flow behaviour. Ultimately, the development of predictive, physically grounded WLM models will be essential for advancing applications in formulation science, smart materials, and industrial processing.

Lilla Bűdi, Dániel Hammer, Rita Varga et al.

ObjectivesSpingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramides are bioactive sphingolipids that influence cancer cell fate. Anti-ceramide antibodies might inhibit the effects of ceramide. The aim of this study was to assess the potential role of circulating S1P and anti-ceramide antibody as biomarkers in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsWe recruited 66 subjects (34 controls and 32 patients with NSCLC). Patient history and clinical variables were taken from all participants. Venous blood samples were collected to evaluate plasma biomarkers. If bronchoscopy was performed, bronchial washing fluid (BWF) was also analyzed. We measured the levels of S1P and anti-ceramide antibody with ELISA.ResultsS1P levels were significantly higher in the NSCLC group (3770.99 ± 762.29 ng/mL vs. 366.53 ± 249.38 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p < 0.001). Anti-ceramide antibody levels were significantly elevated in the NSCLC group (278.70 ± 19.26 ng/mL vs. 178.60 ± 18 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p = 0.007). Age or BMI had no significant effect on anti-ceramide antibody or S1P levels. BWF samples had higher levels of anti-ceramide antibody (155.29 ± 27.58 ng/mL vs. 105.87 ± 9.99 ng/mL, patients with NSCLC vs. controls, respectively, p < 0.001). Overall survival (OS) was 13.36 months. OS was not affected by anti-ceramide antibody or S1P levels.ConclusionHigher levels of S1P and anti-ceramide antibody were associated with active cancer. These results suggest that sphingolipid alterations might be important features of NSCLC.

Katalin Mező

Recenzió Hegedűs Roland „Tanulási zavarok és iskolai teljesítmény” című könyvéről

Aylin Bayındır-Gümüş, Ebru Öztürk, Mihály Soós

Background. People live in a technological world, where social media is used very commonly. Social media has effects on eating behaviors, as in other aspects. For this reason, it is important to measure social media effect. Objective. This study aimed to adapt the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behaviour (SESMEB) that examines the effect of social media on eating behavior in Hungarian university students. Material and methods. The SESMEB was translated into the target language by taking various stages. The online questionnaire including general information, social media use, and the eighteen-item SESMEB was used to collect data. The scale was administered to the study group consisting of 213 Hungarian university students, and data from 203 of them were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses were performed to test construct validity, and the Cronbach alpha coefficient was calculated for the reliability of the scale in Hungarian. Results. Total correlation value was higher than 0.50 for all items of the scale. The fit indices were at an acceptable level or had a perfect fit. The t-values were significant at the level of 0.1 and ranged between 2.927 and 5.706. The Spearman–Brown coefficient was calculated at 0.894. The reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated to be 0.866. SESMEB scores were different according to spending time daily, sharing content, and using filters or Photoshop on social media (p < 0.05). Conclusions. Higher than 0.80 Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and other results show that Hungarian SESMEB is a valid and reliable tool. Therefore, Hungarian SESMEB will be useful for further studies to determine the impact of social media on eating behaviors.

Alaaldeen Abdallah, András Roósz, Arnold Rónaföldi et al.

During the solidification process, microstructures are affected by the experimental conditions, the thermophysical characteristics of the alloy, and the type of grain-refining particles. Unidirectional solidification experiments were performed in a vertical Bridgman-type furnace to investigate the effect of the solidification front velocity on the solidified microstructure of a non-refined and refined Al-20%Cu alloy. The samples were solidified by rapidly increasing the sample velocity (v) range from 0.02 mm/s to 0.2 mm/s while maintaining an almost constant temperature gradient (~5 K/mm). As a result, despite changes in the solid/liquid front velocity along the sample, the microstructure of the non-refined alloys remained columnar. In the refined alloy, the columnar structure changed into an equiaxed structure at two different front velocities.

Ferenc Sztanek, László Imre Tóth, Attila Pető et al.

Guidelines for the management of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) emphasize the importance of lifestyle changes, including a reduced-calorie diet and increased physical activity. However, for many people, these changes can be difficult to maintain over the long term. Medication options are already available to treat obesity, which can help reduce appetite and/or reduce caloric intake. Incretin-based peptides exert their effect through G-protein-coupled receptors, the receptors for glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and glucagon peptide hormones are important regulators of insulin secretion and energy metabolism. Understanding the role of intercellular signaling pathways and inflammatory processes is essential for the development of effective pharmacological agents in obesity. GLP-1 receptor agonists have been successfully used, but it is assumed that their effectiveness may be limited by desensitization and downregulation of the target receptor. A growing number of new agents acting on incretin hormones are becoming available for everyday clinical practice, including oral GLP-1 receptor agonists, the dual GLP-1/GIP receptor agonist tirzepatide, and other dual and triple GLP-1/GIP/glucagon receptor agonists, which may show further significant therapeutic potential. This narrative review summarizes the therapeutic effects of different incretin hormones and presents future prospects in the treatment of T2DM and obesity.

Paris Kantaras, Niki Mourouti, Theodora Mouratidou et al.

In total, 3274 adults (65.2% females) from six European countries were included in this cross-sectional analysis using data from the baseline assessment of the Feel4Diabetes study. Anthropometric, sociodemographic, dietary and behavioral data were assessed, and the existence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was recorded. Beverage consumption patterns (BCPs) were derived via principal component analysis. Three BCPs were derived explaining 39.5% of the total variation. BCP1 was labeled as “Alcoholic beverage pattern”, which loaded heavily on high consumption of beer/cider, wine and other spirits; BCP2 was labeled as “High in sugars beverage pattern” that was mainly characterized by high consumption of soft drinks with sugar, juice containing sugar and low consumption of water; and BCP3 was labeled as “Healthy beverage pattern” that was mainly characterized by high consumption of water, tea, fruit juice freshly squeezed or prepacked without sugar and low consumption of soft drinks without sugar. After adjusting for various confounders, BCP2 was positively associated with elevated triglycerides (<i>p</i> = 0.001), elevated blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.001) elevated fasting glucose (<i>p</i> = 0.008) and the existence of MetS (<i>p</i> = 0.006), while BCP1 was inversely associated with reduced HDL-C (<i>p</i> = 0.005) and BCP3 was inversely associated with elevated blood pressure (<i>p</i> = 0.047). The establishment of policy actions as well as public health nutritional education can contribute to the promotion of a healthy beverage consumption.

Éltető Andrea, Szemlér Tamás

Hungary had been one of the frontrunners in the political and economic transition process in Central and Eastern Europe in the 1990s, and in 2004 it joined the European Union. Since 2010, Hungary has gradually become an autocratic regime, a process that has been facilitated by the political benefits of EU integration and money transfers. While the support of the Hungarian people for EU membership has remained high, tensions have increased between the Hungarian government and EU institutions. This article evaluates how the external shock of Russia’s war against Ukraine has shaken Hungary’s so far developed authoritarian equilibrium within the EU. The authors show how embedded the Hungarian autocracy has become and argue that although there have been some effects to the pillars of the authoritarian equilibrium, it has remained stable, and most probably will continue to do so, as long as the illiberal regime stays in power.

Evelin Kovács

Az új vidékfejlesztési gyakorlatok kialakulásának fontos alapja az ellátási láncok újra alkotása. A SFSCk (Short Food Supply Chain) arra is alkalmasak, hogy megtörjék a hosszú, összetett ipari láncok rendszerét. Az SFSC-k esetében a termelői fogyasztói kapcsolatok „lerövidülnek” és újra definiálódnak. A szakirodalmi feltárást követően arra a következtetésre jutottam, hogy a rövid ellátási láncok napjainkban egyre nagyobb figyelmet kapnak, hazánkban is egyre több működési forma jelenik meg. A helyi termékek népszerűsítését számos program segítette az utóbbi években. Azt tapasztaltam, hogy a nemzetközi szakirodalom esettanulmány jelleggel mutatja be a REL-ek működését. A tanulmány elsődleges célja az volt, hogy olyan nemzetközi példákat kutassak fel, amelyek összehasonlítási alapot képezhetnek a hazánkban működő, különös tekintettel a Hajdú-Bihar megyei szerveződéseknek. Ezt követően pedig konkrét Hajdú-Bihar megyében működő hálózatokat mutattam be, négy hálózatot sikerült azonosítanom. Végezetül pedig a REL tagok közötti kérdőíves felmérés eredményét taglaltam. Összegezve a válaszadók 80%-a hisz a REL-ek életképességében, gazdaságos működtetésében. A legtöbben az információs technológia fejlesztését jelölték meg, mint fejlesztendő működési terület. A gazdálkodók hajlandóak lennének a termékelőállítás gazdaságossága érdekében erősíteni a közvetlen értékesítést. A termelők 88%-a értékesít helyi, termelői piacokon. Ők alapvetően elégedettek a termelői piac működésével, emellett úgy vélik gazdasági szempontból kielégítő a termelői piacon történő árusítás.

Samantha So, Teng Qing Wang, Brian Edward Yu et al.

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has created a chronically stressful work environment for healthcare workers, increasing the negative psychological effects experienced. Aims: The authors of this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on frontline healthcare workers’ mental health, using various psychological outcomes. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted up until June 30th, 2022 on MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, ClinicalTrials.gov, and Dissertations and Theses. Results: This meta-analysis includes 22 cross-sectional studies with a total of 32,690 participants. Anxiety (ES = 0.23, CI: [0.18, 0.28]), depression (ES = 0.17, CI: [0.10, 0.24]), PTSD (ES = 0.28, CI: [0.08, 0.48]), and stress (ES = 0.35, CI: [0.17, 0.53]) was significantly prevalent among frontline healthcare workers. Conclusions: Our results suggested that European healthcare workers were experiencing high psychological symptoms associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The monitoring of their psychological symptoms, preventative interventions, and treatments should be implemented to prevent, reduce, and treat the worsening of their mental health.

Anna Rebeka Kovács, Anita Sulina, Kincső Sára Kovács et al.

(1) The degree of cytoreduction achieved during primary debulking surgery (PDS) is an important prognostic factor for the survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Our aim was to investigate the prognostic value of preoperative laboratory parameters for the outcome of PDS. (2) We analyzed the preoperative laboratory parameters of 150 serous EOC patients who underwent PDS between 2006 and 2013. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the optimal cut-off values of the variables for predicting the PDS outcome. We used binary logistic regression to examine the independent predictive value of the factors for incomplete cytoreduction. (3) Among the parameters, we established optimal cut-off values for cancer antigen (Ca)-125, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) to predict the outcome of PDS. The results of binary logistic regression showed that stage (FIGO III-IV), MLR (>0.305), and Ca-125 (>169.15 kU/L) were independent significant predictors of the degree of tumor reduction achieved during PDS. (4) In the future, MLR, especially in combination with other parameters, may be useful in determining prognosis and selecting the best treatment option (PDS or neoadjuvant chemotherapy + interval debulking surgery) for ovarian cancer patients.

Girum Tareke Zewude, Sisay Demissew Beyene, Belayneh Taye et al.

The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted many professions with short-, medium-, and long-term consequences. Hence, this study examined the mediating role of sense of coherence (SOC) and resilience in the relation to COVID-19 stress and teachers’ well-being (TWB). It recruited 836 teachers from Ethiopia’s higher-education institutions, of which 630 (75.4%) were men and 206 (24.6%) were women, with a mean age of 32.81 years and a standard deviation of 6.42. Findings showed that COVID-19 stress negatively predicted SOC, resilience, and TWB and that SOC and resilience positively predicted TWB. It was concluded that SOC and resilience, both together and separately, mediated the relation between COVID-19 stress and TWB. These results were discussed alongside relevant literature, and the study is found to be valuable for practitioners and researchers who seek to improve well-being using SOC and resilience as resources across teaching professions.

József Banyár

The broadly used pay-as-you-go (PAYG) pension system is intrinsically wrong. The essence of the problem is that the PAYG system distributes the yield of raising children, i.e., of human capital investment (which is essentially the pension contribution), in such a way that it disregards the extent to which individuals have contributed to this, and even whether it has occurred at all. This error can be corrected if we take the pension contribution to be the yield on an investment of human capital, and as such use this to pay back the costs and expenses of the raising of the contribution payer—overall to those who paid these costs and expenses at the time. Accordingly, the central question of my study is whether it is possible to construct a consistent pension system based on the above foundations, and how my ideas may be inserted into the Diamond–Samuelson model. The method of the study was logical analysis and the construction of a theoretical mathematical model. The results of the study show that it is possible to construct a public pension system that operates according to a different logic than today’s system, a system which is free from the effects of demographic fluctuations, which does not motivate the refusal to have children, and which will remain self-sufficient under all circumstances. The study achieves this by presenting a possible pension system of this kind in detail. Via the suitable modification of the Diamond–Samuelson model, I have succeeded in showing that the pension system I am proposing increases the willingness to have children up to the social optimum, in contrast to the fully (but traditionally) funded and PAYG systems. This system currently only exists in theory and may be regarded as a major theoretical innovation, which naturally has certain (although not particularly extensive) antecedents. Its introduction could enable the resolution of the contradictions of existing pension systems and could also provide a solution to the as yet unsolved problem of the increasingly expensive regeneration of human capital, and as such, its potential practical implications are immeasurable.

Atabak Roohi Aminjan, Robabeh Latif, Obaidullah Usefzay et al.

In this paper a batch of earthworms from Afghanistan was studied and previous reports on the earthworm fauna of the country were evaluated. In the present study, earthworms were collected by digging and hand sorting, and fixed in 80% ethanol. Six species belonging to three families were identified. They are Aporrectodea caliginosa, Ap. rosea, Eiseniella tetraedra, Drawida annandalei, Amynthas corticis, and Metaphire bahli. Among them A. corticis, Ap. caliginosa, D. annandalei, and M. bahli are new records for the country. Nine species have previously been reported from Afghanistan of which two were collected in the current survey as well. Therefore, this study in Afghanistan increased the number of earthworm species registered for the country from 9 to 13 belonging to nine genera and three families. Out of the 13 species, 10 (Ap. caliginosa, Ap. jassyensis, Ap. trapezoides, Ap. rosea, Bimastus parvus, Dendrobaena byblica, D. fedtschenkoi, Eisenia fetida, Eis. tetraedra, and Lumbricus rubellus) belong to the Holarctic family Lumbricidae, two species (M. bahli and A. corticis) to the family Megascolecidae, and one species (D. annandalei) to Moniligastridae. Most of the species (10) are peregrine and only three of the lumbricid species in Afghanistan are regarded as autochthonous, viz., Ap. jassyensis, D. byblica, and D. fedtschenkoi. The diversity and distribution of earthworms in Afghanistan is far from complete. To fill this gap in our knowledge on the earthworm fauna of the studied region more detailed investigations are needed to explore the earthworm fauna of this vast country.

Nataliia Khoma, Oleksii Kokoriev

This article analyses compliance of the post-Soviet Baltic States with the EU liberal-democratic standards, at both institutional and value levels. The authors prove that fulfilment of the Copenhagen criteria for EU accession did not determine an enhancement of the quality of democracy in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania. This study highlights that, in recent years, the Baltic States have entered a phase of stagnation of liberal-democratic transformations and that they need a more active position of the state on institutional reforms and resocialization of citizens to strengthen adherence to the political and legal values that the EU is based on. The article emphasises how the global financial crisis of 2008, the European migration crisis (2015) and the current coronavirus pandemic have all had an impact on the quality of democracy in the Baltic States. The authors focus on the incomplete process of value reforming among the Baltic population against the EU liberal-democratic standards. The article highlights that the post-totalitarian rotation of values in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania is slow and faces rejection of European liberal-democratic values to a greater or lesser extent. It underlines the preservation of the totalitarian (Soviet) vestiges of political culture, which contradict the EU paradigm of values and prevent the Baltic States from improving the quality of democracy. It is noted that, in terms of the radicalization level in defending national interests, the Baltic countries take the intermediate position between the Nordic and the V4 countries, particularly Hungary and Poland that develop illiberal democracy patterns.

Fausto Cercignani

Studia austriaca XXVI (2018) - Call for Papers

D. H. Fu, Y. H. Zhan, N. Yan et al.

Natural rubber containing graphene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) composites were prepared by ultrasonicallyassisted latex mixing. Natural rubber filled by both graphene and CNTs show significant enhanced tensile strength, while graphene exhibits a better reinforcing effect than CNTs. Strain-induced crystallization in natural rubber composites during stretching was determined by synchrotron wide-angle X-ray diffraction. With the addition of CNTs or graphene, the crystallization for natural rubber occurs at a lower strain compared to unfilled natural rubber, and the strain amplification effects were observed. The incorporation of graphene results in a faster strain-induced crystallization rate and a higher crystallinity compared to CNTs. The entanglement-bound rubber tube model was used to analyze the chain network structure and determine the network parameters of composites. The results show that the addition of graphene or CNTs has an influence on the molecular network structure and improves the contribution of entanglement to the conformational constraint, while graphene has a more marked effect than CNTs.

Vamsi Kiran Adhikarla, Jaka Sodnik, Peter Szolgay et al.

This paper reports on the design and evaluation of direct 3D gesture interaction with a full horizontal parallax light field display. A light field display defines a visual scene using directional light beams emitted from multiple light sources as if they are emitted from scene points. Each scene point is rendered individually resulting in more realistic and accurate 3D visualization compared to other 3D displaying technologies. We propose an interaction setup combining the visualization of objects within the Field Of View (FOV) of a light field display and their selection through freehand gesture tracked by the Leap Motion Controller. The accuracy and usefulness of the proposed interaction setup was also evaluated in a user study with test subjects. The results of the study revealed high user preference for free hand interaction with light field display as well as relatively low cognitive demand of this technique. Further, our results also revealed some limitations and adjustments of the proposed setup to be addressed in future work.

Gábor Gercsák

English translations of Hungarian lake names     Recently prestigious local publishing houses have been publishing a growing number of geographical descriptions of Hungary in English. While these publications are of outstanding design, the authors do not use the names of geographical objects in Hungary in a standardized manner. As a result, the foreign reader may find distinct variants of the same name within the same book. This can encumber the interpretation of information, and the identification of certain geographical features on maps. The author examines the peculiarities of naming lakes in Hungarian and in English while exploring the spelling rules behind the name forms in both languages. The author then compares several examples taken from Hungary with the names of lakes in English-speaking countries. Finally, the author proposes that the English standardized equivalents of the Hungarian names for lakes should be used more consistently.

Eszter Láng