Hasil untuk "History America"

Alison Mills

The Color of Law examines the local, state and federal housing policies that mandated segregation. He notes that the Federal Housing Administration, which was established in 1934, furthered the segregation efforts by refusing to insure mortgages in and near African-American neighborhoods — a policy known as "redlining." At the same time, the FHA was subsidizing builders who were mass-producing entire subdivisions for whites — with the requirement that none of the homes be sold to AfricanAmericans. (Source)

D. Herms, D. McCullough

William Strauss, N. Howe

Jean Molesky-Poz, A. Portes, R. Rumbaut

A. Quijano, M. Ennis

M. Jacobson

Richard Rothstein

C. Posth, Nathan Nakatsuka, Iosif Lazaridis et al.

Summary We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 49 individuals forming four parallel time transects in Belize, Brazil, the Central Andes, and the Southern Cone, each dating to at least ∼9,000 years ago. The common ancestral population radiated rapidly from just one of the two early branches that contributed to Native Americans today. We document two previously unappreciated streams of gene flow between North and South America. One affected the Central Andes by ∼4,200 years ago, while the other explains an affinity between the oldest North American genome associated with the Clovis culture and the oldest Central and South Americans from Chile, Brazil, and Belize. However, this was not the primary source for later South Americans, as the other ancient individuals derive from lineages without specific affinity to the Clovis-associated genome, suggesting a population replacement that began at least 9,000 years ago and was followed by substantial population continuity in multiple regions.

Alicia Hüls

This paper examines Audre Lorde’s The Cancer Journals (2020) and her journey post-mastectomy, in relation to José Muñoz’s theory of disidentification, which he discusses in his book Disidentifications: Queers of Color and the Performance of Politics (1999). For Muñoz, disidentification is a survival strategy of stepping away from predominant societal ideologies. Muñoz’s theory is particularly fruitful for analyzing Lorde’s intersectional experiences and identity struggles of being a queer woman of color with breast cancer, but lacks an element of reidentification. This paper expands on the concept of disidentification and claims that Lorde does not take this passive stand Muñoz proposes but instead reidentifies herself in the face of prevailing gender norms.

Adrián Celentano

El artículo se concentra en una faceta del intelectual gramsciano José Aricó apenas tenida en cuenta, la condición de biógrafo de Mao Tse Tung. Editada como fascículo por el Centro Editor de América Latina, la biografía de Mao que Aricó preparó en 1971 seguramente sea su texto más reeditado y vendido en esa década. En estas páginas reconstruimos, en primer lugar, la red editorial en la que se inscribió el fascículo. Luego nos detenemos en la relación explícita que el fascículo trazó con la intelectualidad maoísta europea de entonces, específicamente con la historiadora italiana Enrica Collotti Pischel que en 1965 había editado una biografía similar; para finalmente dedicarnos a la relación tácita que el fascículo mantuvo con las tesis de Gramsci.

Hamid Razifard, Alexis Ramos, A. Della Valle et al.

Abstract The process of plant domestication is often protracted, involving underexplored intermediate stages with important implications for the evolutionary trajectories of domestication traits. Previously, tomato domestication history has been thought to involve two major transitions: one from wild Solanum pimpinellifolium L. to a semidomesticated intermediate, S. lycopersicum L. var. cerasiforme (SLC) in South America, and a second transition from SLC to fully domesticated S. lycopersicum L. var. lycopersicum in Mesoamerica. In this study, we employ population genomic methods to reconstruct tomato domestication history, focusing on the evolutionary changes occurring in the intermediate stages. Our results suggest that the origin of SLC may predate domestication, and that many traits considered typical of cultivated tomatoes arose in South American SLC, but were lost or diminished once these partially domesticated forms spread northward. These traits were then likely reselected in a convergent fashion in the common cultivated tomato, prior to its expansion around the world. Based on these findings, we reveal complexities in the intermediate stage of tomato domestication and provide insight on trajectories of genes and phenotypes involved in tomato domestication syndrome. Our results also allow us to identify underexplored germplasm that harbors useful alleles for crop improvement.

Ismael Jiménez Jiménez

Thomas Dutoit, Cécile Roudeau

Sophie Maruéjouls-Koch

María Gabriela Micheletti

J. Homburger, A. Moreno-Estrada, Christopher R. Gignoux et al.

South America has a complex demographic history shaped by multiple migration and admixture events in pre- and post-colonial times. Settled over 14,000 years ago by Native Americans, South America has experienced migrations of European and African individuals, similar to other regions in the Americas. However, the timing and magnitude of these events resulted in markedly different patterns of admixture throughout Latin America. We use genome-wide SNP data for 437 admixed individuals from 5 countries (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Chile, and Argentina) to explore the population structure and demographic history of South American Latinos. We combined these data with population reference panels from Africa, Asia, Europe and the Americas to perform global ancestry analysis and infer the subcontinental origin of the European and Native American ancestry components of the admixed individuals. By applying ancestry-specific PCA analyses we find that most of the European ancestry in South American Latinos is from the Iberian Peninsula; however, many individuals trace their ancestry back to Italy, especially within Argentina. We find a strong gradient in the Native American ancestry component of South American Latinos associated with country of origin and the geography of local indigenous populations. For example, Native American genomic segments in Peruvians show greater affinities with Andean indigenous peoples like Quechua and Aymara, whereas Native American haplotypes from Colombians tend to cluster with Amazonian and coastal tribes from northern South America. Using ancestry tract length analysis we modeled post-colonial South American migration history as the youngest in Latin America during European colonization (9–14 generations ago), with an additional strong pulse of European migration occurring between 3 and 9 generations ago. These genetic footprints can impact our understanding of population-level differences in biomedical traits and, thus, inform future medical genetic studies in the region.

I. Perić

Dana Goldstein je novinarka i spisateljica te dobitnica nekoliko cijenjenih stipendija na području novinarstva. Piše o obrazovanju, ženskim pitanjima, nejednakosti i kaznenom pravosuđu. Njena knjiga „The Teacher Wars“ u kojoj pokriva 175 godina povijesti američkog školstva postala je bestseler New York Timesa što je učinilo Goldstein jednom od najcjenjenijih mladih novinarki u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama.

Maria Eugenia Cruset

El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo investigar la inmigración irlandesa a la frontera de la cuenca del río Salado, específicamente en los partidos de Monte y Saladillo. Utilizaremos como fuente primaria las fichas censales del primer censo nacional de la República Argentina llevado a cabo en septiembre de 1869. También cruzaremos esos datos con registros eclesiásticos como bautismos, matrimonios y decesos. Será mayormente un estudio cuantitativo aunque con algunos aspectos cualitativos en ciertas circunstancias relevantes. Nuestro objetivo es analizar las actividades económicas y su relación con la sociedad local de los partidos en estudio. Nuestra hipótesis es que, si bien la frontera, con sus complejidades, modificó algunas prácticas, la mayoría se siguieron manteniendo.

Stephanie Mailén Bustamante Salvatierra

Bibliographic review of Escritos de viaje, de Juana Manso, Córdoba, Buena Vista, 2019, 120 pp.

Romina Zamora

Supponendo che lo spazio sia un fattore determinante per la produzione o lo sviluppo del diritto, proponiamo che i regolamenti sulle encomiendas indiane nell’America coloniale fossero sempre locali e non generali. Non cercavano di replicare gli ordini contenuti nelle cédulas reales, ma piuttosto di tradurre i loro principi generali nell’ordine locale. I regolamenti sull’encomiendas erano il risultato della negoziazione tra gli interessi del re, gli interessi degli encomenderos vecinos delle città americane, la capacità di resistenza o di adattamento delle comunità indigene e la conoscenza dello spazio. In questo saggio analizzeremo il caso del governo di Tucumán, situato nelle Ande meridionali, nel Cinquecento e all’inizio del Seicento.