Use of geopolymer concrete for a cleaner and sustainable environment – A review of mechanical properties and microstructure

Abstract Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has been researched during the past few decades as an alternative to sustainable construction materials, which can minimize CO2 emission for its use of industry by-products. Past researches on GPC show that it can be suitable for the structural applications, with a workable slump, and comparable grade of strength to ordinary Portland cement concrete. In this review paper, the mix design, mechanical properties, durability and microstructure of GPC have been discussed to figure out and report the last data and information regarding geopolymer concrete. In addition to that, the microstructure of GPC and OPC concrete have been investigated to understand the internal structure of GPC and evaluate its engineering properties such as strength and durability etc. Review of literature revealed that the production of geopolymer concrete requires great care and correct material composition. During the activation process in making the geopolymer, high alkalinity also requires safety risk and enhanced energy consumption and generation of greenhouse gases. Furthermore, the production of GPC is also affected by the curing time and curing temperature. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop user-friendly design geopolymer concrete procedure/code that can be used in a variety of construction areas. In summary, this literature review offers guidance for civil engineers and industrial community in future researches regarding geopolymer concrete.