Effect of breed and sex on carcass traits, meat quality and fatty acid composition of young cattle formed based on animal protein production and qualified meat in plateau condition

<p>This study was fictionalized as a prototype for other studies. The effects of breed and sex on the slaughter characteristics, carcass traits, meat quality and fatty acid composition of young animals, which were formed based on the enteric emission (<span class="inline-formula">CH₄</span>) level and animal protein production potential of different geographical regions were investigated. The region where the study was conducted consists of plateaus, and 13.7 % of the population lives in this area. A total of 36 animals, consisting of six males and six females from each of the Brown Swiss <span class="inline-formula">×</span> Eastern Anatolian Red (BSEAR), Holstein Friesian <span class="inline-formula">×</span> Eastern Anatolian Red (HFEAR) and Brown Swiss <span class="inline-formula">×</span> Holstein Friesian (BSHF) genotypes, were used to investigate animal protein production in this study. They were dispatched to be slaughtered at the age of 20 months. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between groups were compared with the Duncan test. Enteric <span class="inline-formula">CH₄</span> estimated among regions varied from 30.34 to 36.50 kg head<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span> yr<span class="inline-formula">⁻¹</span>. It was 0.215, 0.194, 0.183, 0.195 and 0.198 kg, respectively, per kilogram of edible meat of BSEAR, HFEAR, BSHF, male cattle and female cattle. The results indicated that slaughter traits, carcass characteristics and carcass measurements (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.05</span> to <span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.01</span>) were associated with breed. Slaughter traits, carcass characteristics and carcass measurements were affected by sex (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.05</span> to <span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.01</span>). Breed and sex interaction had no effect on carcass characteristics in subgroups (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.05</span>). DM, CP and ash were significantly affected by breed (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.05</span>). pH and <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i>^∗</span> were also significantly affected by breed (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.05</span>). Sex influenced pH (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.05</span>), <span class="inline-formula"><i>L</i>^∗</span> (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.001</span>), <span class="inline-formula"><i>a</i>^∗</span> (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.01</span>) and <span class="inline-formula"><i>b</i>^∗</span> (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.001</span>). Monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels were found to be significant in different breeds (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.01</span>), and PUFA levels were significant in different sexes (<span class="inline-formula"><i>P</i>&lt;0.05</span>).</p>