Comparative Analysis of the Gut Microbiota of Thai Indigenous Chicken Fed House Crickets

The gut microbiota is pivotal to chickens’ overall health, influencing digestion, nutrient absorption, and immune function. Dietary compounds significantly impact gut microbiota composition. House crickets (<i>Acheta domesticus</i>) have emerged as an alternative protein source for animal feed, rich in proteins and beneficial fatty acids. This study compared the gut microbiota in the cecum and ileum of Thai indigenous chicken breeds (Betong Chicken, white feather with black bone chicken, and black feather with black bone chicken) fed with or without house crickets. Using Oxford Nanopore Technology of 16S rDNA, this study found a similar relative abundance of gut bacteria across groups, with dominant bacteria including Firmicute, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria. LEfSe analysis identified differential abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as <i>Ruminococcaceae</i>, <i>Rikenella</i>, and Deferribacteres, in the cecum of the black feather with black bone chicken after cricket feeding. Additionally, <i>Lactobacillaceae</i> exhibited differential abundance in the ileum of this breed post-cricket diet. Consequently, this study provides new data into the gut microbiota of Thai indigenous chickens. It suggests that house cricket diets did not significantly alter microbiota diversity but may enhance beneficial bacteria in certain breeds.